YIELD AND QUALITY OF SILAGE CORN AS AFFECTED BY FROST AND HARVEST DATE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants

Corn (Zea mays L.) for silage was harvested at approximately 10-day intervals between 5 September and 15 November in 1973 and 1974 at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Dry matter (DM) yields of the whole plant and of grain increased up to first frost which occurred in late September. Following frost, the DM yields of the whole plants declined, while DM yields of grain remained essentially constant or increased slightly. In vitro DM digestibility and in vitro digestible DM yields were highest and the cellulose content was lowest at the time of first frost. Nitrogen and K contents of the whole plant declined significantly with time after frost. The total amounts of N, P, and K harvested in the crop also declined after frost. It is recommended that silage corn in the Maritime Provinces be harvested prior to or immediately after being frozen to obtain maximum yields and quality.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

INFLUENCE OF POPULATION DENSITY AND HYBRID MATURITY ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF FORAGE MAIZE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant

Nine maize hybrids, representing early, medium and late maturities (maximum 3000 corn heat units), were grown at 75 000 and 100 000 plants/ha for 2 yr at two locations in order to examine the in vitro digestible dry matter (DDM) yield and quality of whole-plant (shoot) and stover components. Early hybrids produced 90% as much DDM yield as medium or late hybrids. Comparing densities, the higher density resulted in a greater increase in DDM yield at Surrey than at Agassiz and it did not depress whole-plant dry matter (DM) content. Whole-plant DM digestibility (DMD) was 2% lower for early hybrids compared to mediums or lates. Density had no influence on whole-plant DMD at Surrey, but the higher density reduced it by 1% at Agassiz. Stover DDM yield was greater at Surrey than at Agassiz whereas whole-plant DDM yield was greater at Agassiz. Harvest index was positively, but not closely, correlated with whole-plant DMD (r = 0.28***) and was inversely correlated with stover DMD (r = − 0.45***). Thus, nutritive value of maize was only marginally dependent on the grain component. Results suggest that, in the marginal corn-growing environments of the region studied, it may be beneficial to use hybrids considerably later than those normally adapted and grow them at a density approaching 100 000 plants/ha to maximize digestible yields and quality. The harvested forage may have a DM content too low for direct ensiling, but this can be rectified by addition of dry high-protein supplements (e.g. alfalfa cubes) at ensiling time.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

COMPARISON OF GROWTH, FORAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DIPLOID AND AUTOTETRAPLOID MAIZE SYNTHETICS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. ATLIN ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Yield Trials

Three autotetraploid maize synthetics were compared with four diploid synthetics of similar adaptation in yield trials and growth analysis experiments at several southern Ontario locations, in order to assess the potential of tetraploid maize as a source of forage. No differences were observed among ploidy levels in productivity of whole-plant dry matter, or in nutritional quality of forage. Tetraploids appeared to be lower in dry matter content at harvest and through much of their period of growth.Key words: Silage corn, forage corn, autotetraploid, (Zea mays L.)

Effect of growth stage at cutting on yield and quality of lucerne cultivars from different dormancy groups in northern Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Slarke ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Yield And Quality

At Kyabram, Victoria, the effects of growth stage at cutting on dry matter (DM) yield and quality of lucerne was determined during the warm season haymaking period for cultivars with contrasting winter dormancy characteristics. Growth stages at cutting were pre-flower bud, flower-bud, 10% bloom and full bloom. Cultivars were winter non-dormant CUF 101 and Pioneer Brand 572, semi-winter dormant Pioneer Brand 581 and winter dormant Pioneer Brand 545. Cultivar responses or interactions between cultivar and growth stage at cutting were not significant (P>0.05) for dry matter yield, crude protein or in vitro digestibility. Cutting of the pre-flower bud stage, compared with cutting at the 10% bloom stage, reduced DM yield by 18% (16.4 v. 13.5 t/ha), but increased crude protein content of the lucerne from 19.3 to 24%. The total protein yield per hectare was not affected by cutting stages from pre-flower bud stage to 10% bloom. Cutting lucerne at the flower bud stage rather than at 10% bloom gave increased protein content and digestibility with only a moderate yield decline. However, more frequent cutting was unsatisfactory as it decreased the density of the stand and increased the proportion of weeds and so could not be recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of hybrid and row spacing on maize forage yield and quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iptas ◽  
A.A. Acar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant

This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid.

EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF GREEN FORAGE CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
P. R. NARASIMHALU
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Whole Plants

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris sensulato L.) × stubble turnip (B. rapa L.) hybrid were seeded at monthly intervals between late-May and late-August over 3 yr. Kale was harvested in early November while rape, radish, and turnip hybrid were targeted for harvest 60–70 d after seeding. The dry matter yield of kale declined as the seeding dates were delayed. The primary growth of rape, radish and turnip hybrid was the same for May, June and July seedings, but seeding in August lowered the yields by 25–38%. The in vitro dry matter disappearance was high, ranging from 850 to 920 g kg−1. The total N concentration of whole plant tissue, leaves, stem + petioles, and roots and S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of whole plants increased as the seeding date was delayed. We concluded that kale should be planted by mid-June for high yields. Fodder rape, radish, and turnip hybrid had similar yields with seeding from spring until mid-July. In vitro dry matter disappearance and N concentrations were high for all species.Key words: Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Raphanus sativus, chemical composition, digestibility

The effect of tiller length and age on herbage quality of hybrid Pennisetum canopies.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
M. Warndorff ◽  
A. Dovrat ◽  
T. Kipnis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hybrid Pennisetum ◽  
Whole Plants

Whole plants were sampled every 10 or 11 days from field-grown P. americanum X P. purpureum canopies which were cut at intervals of 3 or 6 weeks. Tillers of varying lengths were analysed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). During the growing period, average whole tiller digestibility decreased, as did differences between tillers of different lengths. In 42-day-old herbage, no difference in IVDMD was found between 10 and 70 cm tillers. The decline in digestibility with time was attributed to (1) the appearance of tall tillers and (2) the detrimental effects of low light intensities on tillers growing deep in the canopy. Results suggested that it is doubtful whether tiller length or other morphological or physiological traits can be used to predict herbage digestibility, and that in breeding for better digestibility selection for stem digestibility per se should be more promising than selection for reduced stem growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Leaf and stem dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Alfalfa Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants

Increased dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration are traits highly ranked to improve the nutritive value of forage legumes. Whole-plant, leaf, and stem samples of 27 alfalfa cultivars grown in eastern Canada were analysed for total nitrogen (TN), in vitro RUP, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The objectives were to determine if significant variation exists among these cultivars, and to establish the relationship between nutritive value parameters of leaves and stems, and those of whole plants. Cultivars were seeded in triplicate on 2 consecutive years and evaluated during the 2 subsequent production years with two harvests per year. There were significant differences among cultivars in IVDMD of stems and plants in spring growth and summer regrowth. Cultivar differences in leaf IVDMD were significant only in spring growth, but this variation was negligible in practical terms. Cultivars with high forage IVDMD also had high stem IVDMD and this relationship was stronger in summer regrowth. Alfalfa plant IVDMD is a function of stem digestibility and the leaf weight ratio (LWR). Cultivar differences were significant for plant TN in spring growth and summer regrowth, and for stem TN in spring growth only. Leaf (270 to 306 g kg-1 TN) and stem (242 to 287 g kg-1 TN) RUP concentrations varied among cultivars in spring growth. Cultivars with high stem RUP also had high leaf RUP concentration but differences in plant RUP were not always attributed to leaf and stem RUP. The RUP concentration was on average 10% higher in leaves than in stems in spring growth, and this difference reached 15% in summer regrowth. The LWR varied among cultivars in spring growth and summer regrowth, and it was positively related to plant RUP in spring growth. Improved whole-plant RUP concentration is unlikely to be achieved by simply selecting for high RUP in leaves or stems; LWR has a principal role in determining alfalfa plant RUP concentration. Key words: Dry matter digestibility, ruminal undegradable proteins, alfalfa, genetic variation, stems, leaves

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