EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON LEAF RESPIRATION, TRANSPIRATION RATES IN THE DARK AND CUTICULAR RESISTANCE TO WATER VAPOR DIFFUSION OF TWO CORN INBREDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. DUBÉ ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
G. W. THURTELL ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Vapor Diffusion ◽  
Water Vapor Diffusion ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Cuticular Resistance

Growth chamber studies were undertaken to determine relationships between leaf respiration and transpiration in the dark, and leaf water potential. Leaf cuticular resistances were calculated. Two lines of corn (Zea mays L.), one a wilting inbred line, Q188, and the other, DR1, an inbred line known to have at least some heat and drought tolerance under field conditions were used in this study. Differences were found in dark transpiration and the magnitude of cuticular resistances to water vapor diffusion between these lines. Dark transpiration occurred at a greater rate in Q188 than in DR1. Both lines showed decreased transpiration as leaf water potentials decreased and were not significantly different in this respect. Cuticular resistance to water vapor diffusion was higher initially in DR1 than in Q188 and also increased at a faster rate in DR1 as the drying cycle progressed. Incomplete recovery in leaf water potential was observed in both lines upon watering after severe desiccation. No differences were found in leaf respiration rates between the inbreds.

The leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella negatively impacts water relations in aspen

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Wagner ◽  
Jenifer M Wheeler ◽  
Stephen J Burr
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Phyllocnistis Populiella

Abstract Within the North American boreal forest, a widespread outbreak of the epidermal leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. has damaged quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for nearly 20 years. In a series of experiments, we tested the effects of feeding damage by P. populiella on leaf water relations and gas exchange. Relative to insecticide-treated trees, the leaves of naturally mined trees had lower photosynthesis, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration, water-use efficiency, predawn water potential and water content, as well as more enriched foliar δ13C. The magnitude of the difference between naturally mined and insecticide-treated trees did not change significantly throughout the growing season, suggesting that the effect is not caused by accumulation of incidental damage to mined portions of the epidermis over time. The contributions of mining-related stomatal malfunction and cuticular transpiration to these overall effects were investigated by restricting mining damage to stomatous abaxial and astomatous adaxial leaf surfaces. Mining of the abaxial epidermis decreased photosynthesis and enriched leaf δ13C, while increasing leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, effects consistent with stomatal closure due to disfunction of mined guard cells. Mining of the adaxial epidermis also reduced photosynthesis but had different effects on water relations, reducing midday leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, and did not affect δ13C. In the laboratory, extent of mining damage to the adaxial surface was positively related to the rate of water loss by leaves treated to prevent water loss through stomata. We conclude that overall, despite water savings due to closure of mined stomata, natural levels of damage by P. populiella negatively impact water relations due to increased cuticular permeability to water vapor across the mined portions of the epidermis. Leaf mining by P. populiella could exacerbate the negative effects of climate warming and water deficit in interior Alaska.

scholarly journals DIFFUSIVE RESISTANCE, TRANSPIRATION, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SINGLE LEAVES OF CORN AND SORGHUM IN RELATION TO LEAF WATER POTENTIAL

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. BEADLE ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
H. H. NEUMANN ◽  
G. W. THURTELL ◽  
K. M. KING
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Mesophyll Resistance

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the relationships between leaf water potential and diffusive resistance, transpiration rate, and photosynthesis in corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.). Few differences were apparent between species in response to leaf water potentials above −8 to −6 bars at all light flux densities used. At lower potentials their ability to withstand water stress differed. Rapid increases in both total resistance to water vapor and mesophyll resistance to carbon dioxide within a narrow range of water potential were observed in corn with simultaneous decreases in transpiration and photosynthesis. More gradual changes occurred in sorghum, with little increase in mesophyll resistance except at the highest light flux density. Photosynthetic rate of sorghum was still 25% of maximum at −11.5 bars whereas corn was severely wilted and photosynthesis had ceased at a similar water potential.

COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO INBRED CORN LINES FOR DIFFUSIVE RESISTANCES, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION AS A FUNCTION OF LEAF WATER POTENTIAL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. DUBÉ ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
G. W. THURTELL
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Mesophyll Resistance

Relationships between (1) photosynthesis (2) transpiration (3) total diffusive resistance to water vapor and (4) mesophyll resistance and leaf water potential were examined in two lines of corn (Zea mays L.) differing in phenotypic response to water stress. One line (Q-188) was a wilting inbred and the other (DR-1) was an inbred known to have at least some heat and drought resistance under field conditions. No differences were found between inbred lines in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and total diffusive resistance to water vapor at high or low leaf water potentials in the light. In both lines, stomatal closure began to occur between − 8.5 to − 9.5 bars. Similarly, rapid increases in both total resistance to water vapor diffusion and mesophyll resistance to carbon dioxide diffusion occurred within a narrow range of water potentials. However, leaf water potential, and thus all other parameters, differed markedly between lines when considered on a time scale. The early wilting of Q-188 suggested that high resistances to water flow were present in the xylem system.

scholarly journals PARÂMETROS FISIOLÓGICOS DE CULTIVARES DE CEVADA SOB DÉFICITS HÍDRICOS

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barreto Almeida dos Santos ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Cleber Júnior Jadoski
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Relative Water

PARÂMETROS FISIOLÓGICOS DE CULTIVARES DE CEVADA SOB DÉFICITS HÍDRICOS  Alexandre Barreto Almeida dos Santos; Antonio Evaldo Klar; Cleber Junior JadoskiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected]   1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar parâmetros fisiológicos em seis cultivares de cevada (Borema, Lagoa, BRS – 180, BRS – 195, BRS – 225 e EMB – 128), por meio da imposição de ciclos de seca em diferentes estágios fenológicos da cultura. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 - vasos irrigados constantemente até o final do ciclo da cultura; T2 - ciclo de seca iniciado aos 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS) e T3 - ciclo de seca iniciado aos 65 DAS. Avaliaram-se a resistência difusiva ao vapor de água (Rs), teor relativo de água (TRA) e potencial de água na folha (Ψf). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados: quatro blocos, seis cultivares de cevada e três tratamentos, totalizando setenta e duas unidades experimentais. O experimento foi conduzido durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2005, em estufa plástica localizada na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – UNESP. Os dados analisados permitiram concluir que todas as cultivares de cevada apresentaram adaptação ao déficit hídrico, porém a cultivar EMB – 128 foi a que apresentou maior tendência à tolerância à seca e a BRS180 amenor.  Os resultados mostraram que apenas um ciclo de seca  pode aumentar a tolerância à seca. UNITERMOS: resistência difusiva ao vapor de água, teor relativo de água e potencial de água na folha.   SANTOS, A. B. A.; KLAR, A. E.; JADOSKI, C. J. PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN  BARLEY  CULTIVARS UNDER  WATER  STRESS  2 ABSTRACT                   The objective of this study was to evaluate some physiological parameters in six barley cultivars (Borema, Lagoa, BRS-180, BRS-195, EMB-128 e BRS-225), under water stress in different crop phenological phases. The treatments were as follows: T1 - pots constantly irrigated until harvest; T2: - water stress starting from 45 days after sowing (DAS) and T3 -  water stress  starting from 65 DAS. Leaf resistance to water vapor diffusion (Rs), relative water content (RWC), and leaf water potential (Ψl) were used to evaluate drought tolerance.  Pots were arranged in a randomized block design with four blocks, six barley cultivars, and three treatments, in a total of seventy two pots. The experiment was conducted from August to November2005 ina polyethylene greenhouse located at the experimental area of Rural Engineering Department – FCA,  UNESP – Botucatu - SP.  The results showed that all barley cultivars presented some adaptation to water stress, but EMB-128 was the most likely and BRS-180 the least likely to be drought tolerant. The results revealed that only one drought cycle may increase tolerance to drought. KEY WORDS: Leaf resistance to water vapor diffusion, relative water content, and leaf water potential.

Use of a Hydraulic Press for Estimation of Leaf Water Potential in Grain Sorghum 1

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hicks ◽  
R. J. Lascano ◽  
C. W. Wendt ◽  
A. B. Onken
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Leaf Water

Sampling Error for Leaf Water Potential Measurements in Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
R. W. McNew ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

scholarly journals Terrestrial laser scanning intensity captures diurnal variation in leaf water potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 112274
Author(s):  
S. Junttila ◽  
T. Hölttä ◽  
E. Puttonen ◽  
M. Katoh ◽  
M. Vastaranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Leaf Water

scholarly journals The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Vegas Riffle ◽  
Nathaniel Palmer ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.

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