WEATHER EFFECTS ON HAY DRYING RATES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. HAYHOE ◽  
L. P. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Drying Rates

Observations taken at Nappan, N.S. of drying rates of field-cured hay and the corresponding weather data are reported. Three consecutive good days were chosen as the standard for good hay drying weather. Based on 30 yr of weather records, the highest probability (36%) of having this good weather at Nappan occurs in the first 2 wk of July. Maximum production of digestible dry matter in hay occurs about mid-June. Rapid storage of high quality forage is desirable. To facilitate harvest, early cuttings of forage should be taken as ensilage. An equation is developed which relates the observed moisture content in the field to the accumulation of potential evaporation from the time of cutting. The effect of precipitation on drying time is considered. An index based on potential evaporation and precipitation is proposed as a measure of the suitability of weather data for predicting field drying rates. A good drying day is defined in terms of this index and used in the estimation of the probability of sequences of good drying days from 30 yr of weather data from Nappan, N.S.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometric characteristics, drying rate, and chemical composition of forage grasses grown for hay production

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Keuven dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Francigefeson Linhares dos Santos Ezequiel ◽  
Felipe Luênio de Azevedo ◽  
Lucas de Souza Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Safe Storage

The objective of this study is to characterize six forage grass cultivars used for hay production. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these cultivars were determined using a completely randomized block design, and the rates of loss of dry matter and crude protein (CP) were evaluated using a completely randomized design with a 6 x 5 factorial scheme (six cultivars vs. five drying periods [0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours]) and three repetitions. Morphological and morphometric characteristics and the chemical composition of the cultivars were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test, and the drying time was assessed using linear regression analysis at a level of significance of 5%. There was a significant effect (p < 0.05) of morphological and morphometric characteristics, except for stem thickness (p=0.1) and the live-to-dead biomass ratio (p=0.27). The Massai cultivar presented a higher leaf to stem ratio (1.23 ± 0.60). There was an increased linear response (p < 0.05) for the rate of water loss in the six evaluated cultivars. The Massai cultivar had a safe storage moisture content (80% dry matter) after 3 hours and 11 minutes of sun exposure, and the drying rate was 10.34% per hour of sun exposure. The cultivars Paredão and Marandú showed a decreasing linear effect of CP content across the harvest period, corresponding to 22.07% and 21.38 ± 0.55% in fresh plants, respectively, and 20.13% and 18.11 ± 0.55% after 4 hours of sun exposure, respectively. The Massai cultivar had the most efficient rate of water loss, reaching a safe storage moisture content in 3 hours and 6 minutes, with a CP content of 18.63%.

scholarly journals Long Argan Fruit Drying Time is Detrimental for Argan Oil Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Harhar ◽  
Saïd Gharby ◽  
Badr Eddine Kartah ◽  
Hanae El Monfalouti ◽  
Zoubida Charrouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Argan Oil ◽  
Acid Index

Argan oil is extracted from the kernels of argan fruits that have been sun-dried for either a few days or up to several weeks. The influence of the fruit drying time on the quantity, quality, and preservation of solvent-extracted argan oil was compared with press-extracted argan oil. Quantitatively, the time necessary for efficient fruit peeling and the amount of extracted oil were determined with regard to the fruit drying time (0 to 28 days). Argan oil quality was studied using, as markers, moisture content, specific extinction, acid index, peroxide index, fatty acid composition, and Rancimat oxidative stability. Oil from fresh fruit presents a high moisture content, high acidity and peroxide values, and short shelf life. Ten to fourteen days of sun-drying is optimum to obtain high quality argan oil.

scholarly journals Drying kinetics of jatropha seeds

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Tarcísio Honório Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Jatropha Seeds

Given the necessity of developing jatropha cultivation equipment, this work adjusted different mathematical models to experimental data obtained from the drying of jatropha seeds submitted to different drying conditions and selected the best model to describe the drying process. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Goiás - Rio Verde Campus. Seeds with initial moisture content of approximately 0.50 (kg water/kg dry matter) were dried in a forced air-ventilated oven, at temperatures of 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105°C to moisture content of 0.10 ± 0.005 (kg water/kg dry matter). The experimental data were adjusted to 11 mathematical models to represent the drying process of agricultural products. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination, chi-square test, relative mean error, estimated mean error and residual distribution. It was found that the increase in the air temperature caused a reduction in the drying time of seeds. The models Midilli and Two Terms were suitable to represent the drying process of Jatropha seeds and between them the use of the Midili model is recommended due to its greater simplicity.

scholarly journals Infrared radiation drying of Moringa oleifera grains for use in water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 768-775
Author(s):  
Vânia R. G. Nascimento ◽  
João D. Biagi ◽  
Rafael A. de Oliveira ◽  
Camila C. Arantes ◽  
Luiz A. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Grain Temperature

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using infrared radiation in the hot-air drying of Moringa oleifera grains on the inner dryer and grain temperatures, energy consumption, and grain quality. An experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme in 2013 to identify the optimum values of the air temperature (30 to 58 ºC) and infrared radiation application time (2.0 to 4.8 min) on moisture content, drying time, drying rate, inner dryer air temperature, grain temperature, energy consumption and quality of grains used as a natural coagulant for water treatment. The results obtained were moisture content from 4.40 to 4.76% wet basis; drying time from 0.50 to 2.00 h; drying rates from 0.70 × 10-3 to 2.05 × 10-3 kgwater kg-1 dry matter min-1; inner dryer air temperatures from 42.24 to 61.82 ºC; grain temperatures from 56.32 to 76.19 ºC; energy consumptions of the fan from 0.05 to 0.20 kWh, electrical resistances from 1.41 to 4.49 kWh; resistances of the infrared heaters from 0.48 to 1.56 kWh; water turbidities from 1.36 to 5.76 NTU; grain protein contents from 34.93 to 37.93%; and peroxide value of grains from 0.009 to 0.052 meq kg-1. Both evaluated factors increased the inner dryer air temperature and grain temperature. The electrical resistances contributed the most to the energy consumption. However, the infrared radiation reduced this consumption. The drying performed with air temperature of 44 °C and infrared radiation time of 3.4 min resulted in the highest protein concentration in the Moringa oleifera L. grains and in greater removal of the water turbidity in the water treatment.

scholarly journals Paraboloid-Based Spouted Bed Drying of Paddy: Aerodynamics, Temperature Distribution, and Moisture Degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Duygu Evin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Draft Tube ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Draft Tubes

Aerodynamics, temperature variations in the annulus, and the moisture reduction of paddy in a paraboloid-based spouted bed (PBSB) dryer without draft tube and with solid and porous draft tubes were investigated. Draft tube caused a rapid decrease in the peak pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity when compared with PBSB without a draft tube. Pressure drops with draft tubes were 17 to 30% of the values for the PBSB without a draft tube. Temperature distribution along the bed height in the annular region during drying of paddy was also investigated. Heat-up in the spouted bed without draft tube was more rapid. The experiments were conducted for 70, 90, and 110 °C inlet air temperatures. The required length of drying time to dry the paddy with an initial moisture content of 0.35 db to a moisture content below 0.15 db could be reduced by 50–60% using a temperature of 110 °C instead of 70 °C. No constant rate period was observed. Drying took place in the falling rate period. Drying time decreased in the case of porous draft tube rather than the solid one. The highest drying rates were achieved by spouted bed without draft tube. Drying rates were in the range of 0.62–0.1, 0.51–0.06, and 0.37–0.06 (db.min−1) for the spouted bed without draft tube, with porous, and solid draft tubes, respectively.

Paths and mechanisms of moisture movements in detached leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) II. Effects of lamina treatment losses of petiole moisture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Drying Rates

Drying rates of laminae and petioles of detached leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured after lamina treatments involving crushing, slitting, and drying in hot or humid air. Lamina transpiration of petiole moisture ceased at a lamina moisture content of approximately 1.5 g moisture per g dry matter (g/g). Delaying the drying of laminae to this level increased the rate of drying of petioles, but only to a petiole moisture content of approximately 4 g/g. Thereafter, lamina transpiration of petiole moisture, if it continued, was alternative to, but no more rapid than, transpiration direct from petiole surfaces. Implications concerning field drying of harvested clover are considered.

scholarly journals PERFORMA ALAT PENGERING TIPE RAK PADA PENGERINGAN RANSUM BERBENTUK PELLET (Performance Dry Rack Tipe On Drying Feeding Pellet)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jhondri Jhondri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Industrial Product ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Pellet Feed

Abstrak Pada umumnya, ransum ternak, terutama ternak unggas dibuat dari bahan berbentuk tepung dan dicetak dalam bentuk pellet rusak . Untuk memperpanjang umur simpan pellet tersebut sebagian air dalam bahan tersebut harus dihilangkan melalui pengeringan. Seperti pengering rak. Pengeringan ransum ungggas berbentuk pellet menggunakan pengering,rak dengan suhu 60°C dan waktu pengeringan 6 jam menghasilkan produk yang lebih kering dengan kehilangan massa 20.20 % dan kadar air pada bahan keringnya 12,10 %. Hasil tersebut lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan ransum berbentuk pellet produk industri 14,00 %. Kata kunci : Performa,Pengeringan. Kehilangan massa, Kadar air, Gelatinisasi Abstract In general,livestock feeding, especially poultry are made from flour shaped materials and are molded in the form of broken pellets. To prolong the shelf life of the pellet, some of the water in the material must be removed by dry ing. Such as a drying rack. Drying pellet-shaped pellet feed using a dryer, a rack with a temperature of 60 ° C and a drying time of 6 hours produces a drier product with 20.20% mass loss and a moisture content of 12.10% dry matter. The results are lower when compared with the industrial product pellet ration 14.00%. Keywords: Performance, Drying., Mass Loss, Water content, Gelatinization

Pengeringan Biji Kakao dengan Pengering Surya Tipe Terowong Berpenggerak Sel Fotovoltaik di Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Palelingan Aman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Heat Collector ◽  
New Construction

<em>A research about cocoa beans drying used solar tunnel dryer with photovoltaic module driven have conducted in Manokwari. Solar tunnel dryer used in this research adapted from type Hohenheim with photovoltaic module and integrated air heat collector has been installed at the Department of Agricultural Technology, Papua State University Manokwari to dried cocoa beans. The objectives of this research were to design solar tunnel dryer and evaluate it�s performance in dryed cocoa beans. The result obtained was a new construction of solar tunnel dryer for cocoa beans with dimensions 6 m of length and 0,9 m of wide. The dryer completed with photovoltaic module to drive the blowers of hot drying air. �Performance test of the dryer showed that drying of 10 kg of cocoa beans with initial moisture content about 70% wet basis needed 13 hours of drying time to achieved final moisture content about 7,17% wet basis. The drying time achieved was faster compared than traditional solar drying that needed 20 hours of drying time. The maximum temperature achieved in drying chamber was 60 <sup>o</sup>C.</em>

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

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