PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CORN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
L. A. HUNT ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length

The open-pollinated corn (Zea mays L.) cult Gaspé Flint and three hybrids, Guelph GX122, Harrow 691, and Pioneer X306, were selected to examine the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the number of days to tassel initiation. The range of maturity of this material varied from extremely early to subtropical. The experiments, conducted in growth cabinets, examined photoperiods of from 10 to 20 h in 21/2-h increments. Constant day–night temperatures examined were 20, 25, and 30 C. Photoperiod and temperature affected number of days to tassel initiation. The response was not consistent for each genotype. As daylength increased from 10 to 20 h all but the earliest genotype, Gaspé Flint, took longer to reach tassel initiation. The latest hybrid, Pioneer X306, was affected relatively more by photoperiod. The delay in tassel initiation with longer photoperiods was apparent at all temperatures; however, the magnitude of the response was less at the high temperature. With longer photoperiods, there was an increase in the amount of vegetative growth and development prior to tassel initiation. This was apparent from the greater number of emerged leaves, the longer stem length, and the greater plant dry weight at tassel initiation.

High temperature effects on photosynthate partitioning and sugar metabolism during ear expansion in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Suwa ◽  
Hiroaki Hakata ◽  
Hiromichi Hara ◽  
Hany A. El-Shemy ◽  
Joseph J. Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthate Partitioning

scholarly journals Zea mays L. Response to Humic Acid and Vaccination with Bacteria Azotobacter and Azospirillum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Jawad Abdul Kadhim Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Interrelated Effect

A field experiment was conducted in the agricultural season (2016 - 2017) in one of the fields of college of Agriculture - University of AL-qadisiyah on mays L. Zea to study the interrelated effect of both the acid and Azotobacter and Azospirillum. The experiment was applied according to RCBD design and three replicates. The treatment included 12 treatments resulting from the treatment of Control and Azotobacter , Azospirillum , organic fertilizer, The most important results reached:1. Azotobacter + Azospirillum + organic fertilizer have the superior to the vegetative growth characteristics of mays by giving the highest average (number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of root total) (24.67, 17.5 g, 8.17) g respectively, except for treatment (Azospirillum + organic fertilizer) was superior in plant height 92.0 cm.2. Azotobacter + Azospirillum + organic fertilizer has the highest values for the chemical grade of mays in (potassium, calcium, sodium, respectively (0.243, 2.60 and 0.077) %.

KERNEL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AT TWO POSITIONS ON THE EAR OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Kernel Growth

Studies were conducted in 1975 at Guelph, Ontario, to examine kernel growth and development at two positions on the ear of the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444. Development of kernels at the base and at the tip of the ear was studied from 2 wk before silk emergence to black layer formation. Kernels at the tip of the ear lagged 4–5 days in development behind kernels at the base of the ear during the period from the start of silk growth to the onset of LDMP (the period of linear dry matter accumulation of the kernels). Tip kernels on 25% of the ears of United-H106 ceased dry matter accumulation at the onset of LDMP. Differences in kernel dry weight at black layer formation between basal and tip kernels of Funk’s G-4444 ears, and ears of United-H106 in which tip-kernel growth had not ceased at the onset of LDMP could be attributed to a shorter duration of LDMP of tip kernels and a lower rate of tip-kernel dry matter accumulation during LDMP. LDMP of tip kernels did not stop at an earlier date than LDMP of basal kernels. The lower rate of tip-kernel dry matter accumulation during LDMP may be attributable to a lower volume of tip kernels at the onset of LDMP.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

Controlled-temperature effects on cotton growth and development

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROUSSOPOULOS ◽  
A. LIAKATAS ◽  
W. J. WHITTINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

The growth and development of cotton was studied on cotton plants grown in pots in growth rooms under constant day/night temperature (C) and varying temperature regimes throughout the day and/or night (V) The V-treatments had a common mean temperature of 22°C. The objectives were to determine the thermal requirements of three cultivars and to observe the extent of genotype×thermal environment interactions throughout the entire growth period.Vegetative growth was found to be almost exclusively time and temperature dependent, varietal differences being largely insignificant. Plant material was found to accumulate four times faster under the warmest C-regime, which was 7°C warmer than the coolest. The C-treatments caused variation in the number and size of lateral shoots and leaves, causing leaf area to be larger at the squaring stage in cool environments but at maturity in warm regimes. Relatively cool nights lowered the position of the first floral or fruiting branch, whereas warm days shortened flowering intervals and thus promoted earliness. However, the effect of temperature in altering the position of the first floral branch seems to be less important than its effect on the shedding of early squares.The effects of fluctuating temperature (V) on vegetative growth and earliness were similar to those from constant temperature environments. Growth and development rates were low in the low minimum V-regimes, especially when the maximum temperature was also low. Temperature variation affected vegetative growth to a greater extent in the early than in the later stages of development. At squaring, leaf area and dry weight were lowest under the regime with the highest minimum and maximum temperatures. Later on, only leaf area at flowering and total dry weight at maturity significantly differed between treatments. High maximum or minimum temperatures produced effects similar to a higher or lower mean temperature, respectively. The low minimum raised the node number of the first floral or fruiting branch, whereas in the case of boll dry weight it acted in the same way as a further drop in temperature, decreasing the weight, regardless of the maximum temperature. Boll period was affected mainly by the temperature variation itself rather by than the type of variation.The inverse of time to a certain stage and the corresponding mean temperature were linearly related and allowed threshold temperatures (T0) and thermal time requirements to be estimated. T0=12°C, except for the initial stage, when it was lower. A cotton growing season cooler on average by only 1°C will considerably delay maturity.

Effects of Soil-Applied Materials on the Dry Weight and Boron Uptake of Maize Shoots (Zea Mays L.) Under High Boron Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Çelik ◽  
Murat Ali Turan ◽  
Barış Bülent Aşık ◽  
Sencer Öztüfekçi ◽  
Ali Vahap Katkat
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
High Boron
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