scholarly journals COMPONENTS OF YIELD OF RECOVERABLE SUGAR IN RANDOM AND IMPROVED SUGARBEET POPULATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. SMITH ◽  
R. J. HECKER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Commercial Population ◽  
Unselected Population

Path coefficient analyses indicated that the components of recoverable sugar yield rank differently in relative importance in improved populations of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) than in relatively unimproved populations. Root weight was a more important yield component than sucrose percentage and over twice as important as purity in unselected populations. Root weight and sucrose percentage contributed about equally in improved populations, but the importance of both to recoverable sugar was substantially greater than in the unselected population. Purity was about twice as important a component in the improved population as it was in the unselected population. Results suggest that the emphasis of breeding programs will need to change with changes in the genetic structure of the improved population. Because of the lack of negative indirect effects in the commercial population, the association of recoverable sugar and sucrose percent was nearly twice as high as compared to the relatively unimproved random hybrid population.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Water Use Efficiency of Cleistogenes songorica

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Qibo Tao ◽  
Mengjie Bai ◽  
Cunzhi Jia ◽  
Yunhua Han ◽  
Yanrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) are two crucial factors affecting perennial grass seed production. To investigate the effects of irrigation and N rate on seed yield (SY), yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Cleistogenes songorica (Roshevitz) Ohwi, an ecologically significant perennial grass, a four-year (2016–2019) field trial was conducted in an arid region of northwestern China. Two irrigation regimes (I1 treatment: irrigation at tillering stage; I2 treatment: irrigation at tillering, spikelet initiation, and early flowering stages) and four N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1) were arranged. Increasing amounts of both irrigation and N improved SY, evapotranspiration, WUE, and related yield components like fertile tillers m−2 (FTSM) and seeds spikelet−1. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 treatments for most variables. The highest SY and WUE was obtained with treatment combination of I2 plus 120 kg N ha−1 with four-year average values of 507.3 kg ha−1 and 1.8 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Path coefficient and contribution analysis indicated that FTSM was the most important yield component for SY, with direct path coefficient and contribution coefficient of 0.626 and 0.592. Overall, we recommend I2 treatment (three irrigations) together with 120 kg N ha−1 to both increase SY and WUE, especially in arid regions. Future agronomic managements and breeding programs for seed should mainly focus on FTSM. This study will enable grass seed producers, plant breeders, and government program directors to more effectively target higher SY of C. songorica.

Subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity among R&D employees: a moderated mediation model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Wang ◽  
Jianghong Du ◽  
Herman H.M. Tse ◽  
Jun Gu ◽  
Hui Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Total Rewards

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relative importance of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting research and development (R&D) employee creativity. In addition, the study examines the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement and the moderating role of challenge-related work stress in the first stage.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave design was used, in which total rewards satisfaction and challenge-related work stress were measured in the first wave. Work engagement and creativity were measured in the second wave. Dominance analysis and the latent moderated mediation model were used for the data analyses.FindingsThe analyses show that nonfinancial rewards satisfaction completely dominates indirect and direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Indirect financial rewards satisfaction completely dominates direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Work engagement mediates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity. Challenge-related work stress moderates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and work engagement and the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement.Practical implicationsThe results imply that managers should set challenge demands for R&D employees and try to improve their total rewards satisfaction, especially their nonfinancial and indirect financial rewards satisfaction, for them to be more creative.Originality/valueThis empirical study contributes to the literature by comparing the relative importance of the different dimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting creativity. The study also clarifies how (through work engagement) and when (based on challenge-related work stress) the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction are positively related to R&D employees' creativity.

Genetic variation and path analysis for yield and other agronomic traits in Nigella sativa L. germplasm

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-527
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal ◽  
Abdul Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Shamim Akhtar ◽  
Sammer Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Improvement Programs

Thirty two genotypes of Nigella sativa L. were evaluated for three consecutive years which showed significant differences for all the traits indicating high level of genetic variation. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 0.28 to 0.98 and the highest heritability was calculated for days to maturity and days to flowers. Grain yield was positively associated with plant height, capsule weight, capsule length, root length, whereas negatively with capsule width and 1000-seed weight that required the use of novel breeding techniques to break this undesired linkage to improve grain yield in N. sativa. Path coefficient indicated that direct effects of all the traits were positive except days to first flower, days to 50% flowers, flowering duration, number of capsules, root weight and harvest index. The characters exhibiting correlation along with direct effect towards grain yield viz., days to maturity, capsule weight, capsule length and root length should be given more preference while selecting high yielding N. sativa genotypes for future crop improvement programs.

Path Coefficient Analysis, Character Association and Variability Studies in Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Grown in Southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Godwin Michael Ubi ◽  
Maria Bisong Onabe ◽  
Success Eni Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The success of any selection process is greatly enhanced by using appropriate selection indices. The knowledge of the relationship among various traits affecting grain yield is imperative to arrive at potentially effective selection index. The study was carried out to unveil the different attributes of genetic variability, the type of interrelationships among the various traits affecting yield. Fifteen local and improved maize inbred lines were crossed to three tester varieties to develop 45 test cross progenies. The parents and crosses (63 entries in all) were evaluated in two different locations with three replications at each location using the Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data generated was recorded for the quantitative traits evaluated and subjected to statistical analysis for estimation of various variability parameters namely GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance alongside computing genotypic correlation coefficients and path coefficient analysis to unveil the direct and indirect effects of the various traits studied. The analysis of variability parameters evaluated revealed the presence of significant variability for all the traits studied. Grain yield, ear length, ear height, 100-seed weight and ear diameter showed high GCV estimates, with high heritability. The genetic advance was higher for plant height, ear length, grain/row and grain yield. The genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that ear diameter, 100 seed weight, ear length, kernel rows/ear and grains/row had highest significant correlation with grain yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed that highest direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by 100 seed weight followed by grains/row, kernel rows/ear, ear length and ear diameter. Most of the traits exerted their positive indirect effects through 100 – seed weight, kernel rows/ear and grains/row. The inferences of the results of the present study and their possible implications in maize breeding have been revealed.

scholarly journals The relative importance of direct and indirect effects of hunting mortality on the population dynamics of brown bears

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20141840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinthe Gosselin ◽  
Andreas Zedrosser ◽  
Jon E. Swenson ◽  
Fanie Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
Demographic Rates

There is increasing evidence of indirect effects of hunting on populations. In species with sexually selected infanticide (SSI), hunting may decrease juvenile survival by increasing male turnover. We aimed to evaluate the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of hunting via SSI on the population dynamics of the Scandinavian brown bear ( Ursus arctos ). We performed prospective and retrospective demographic perturbation analyses for periods with low and high hunting pressures. All demographic rates, except yearling survival, were lower under high hunting pressure, which led to a decline in population growth under high hunting pressure ( λ = 0.975; 95% CI = 0.914–1.011). Hunting had negative indirect effects on the population through an increase in SSI, which lowered cub survival and possibly also fecundity rates. Our study suggests that SSI could explain 13.6% of the variation in population growth. Hunting also affected the relative importance of survival and fecundity of adult females for population growth, with fecundity being more important under low hunting pressure and survival more important under high hunting pressure. Our study sheds light on the importance of direct and indirect effects of hunting on population dynamics, and supports the contention that hunting can have indirect negative effects on populations through SSI.

scholarly journals Karakter Seleksi Fase Vegetatif Jagung terhadap Hasil pada Cekaman Genangan Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Uswah Trywulan Syah ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Dan Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Maize is an important crop in Indonesia that is utilized for food, feed, and industry. Waterlogging is one of the abioticstresses challenging maize production in recent years due to climate changes. Vegetative-phase screening methods may benefitplant breeding programs because potential genotypes can be identified at earlier stage with lower cost. This study consistedof two experiments. The first experiment was carried out at the Sawah Baru experimental station of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity (IPB), Bogor, from June to September 2017 using an alpha lattice design with three replications and four blockswithin each replication. The second experiment conducted in a greenhouse at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor,from December 2017 to January 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic materialused were 21 maize genotypes from the Indonesia Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) and IPB, including 19 hybrids and 2inbred lines. The results showed that the dry root weight under normal conditions had significant positive correlation withgrain yield under waterlogging stress, and therefore is potential for early screening. Adaptive genotypes in waterloggingstress selected based on dry root weight are DKLx30, DKLx11, MGoldx37, MGOldx41, and IPB L15-1xMR14. Predictedmean yield across these genotypes was 0.57 ton ha-1 higher yield than the overall mean in waterlogging stress condition.Selected hybrids can be further evaluated for variety release.

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