PARTHENOCARPY IN THE CUCUMBER INDUCED BY SOME PLANT GROWTH-REGULATING CHEMICALS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. CANTLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Pickling Cucumbers ◽  
Female Flowers

Nine growth-regulating chemicals were sprayed at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm on pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L., cult Pioneer) in an effort to induce parthenocarpic fruit development. A morphactin formulation, IT 3456 (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate), and TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) were the most effective in stimulating parthenocarpic fruit-set and development at both concentrations used. Between six and seven fruits per plant were induced parthenocarpically when 100 ppm IT 3456 morphactin was used. Two other morphactins tested, IT 3233 (n-butyl-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) and Bay 102614 (2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-carboxylate-(9)-methyl ester), produced no more fruits than the control. A new growth regulator, CCDP (3-carboxy-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-2-pridone), significantly increased the number of fruits per plant at the 100-ppm concentration, and also increased the number of female flowers per plant produced within 50 days of planting, at both concentrations. The other four compounds tested, designated EL 531 (α-cycloprophyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol), BAS 0660-W (N-dimethyl-morpholiniumchloride), TD 692 (mono-("coco" dimethylamine) succinate), and Chemagro 8728 (5-chloro-2-thenyl-tributylphosphonium), were not effective inducers of parthenocarpy in the cucumber.

Effect of Bensulfuron-Methyl on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Growth and Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Malcolm Pegues
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Effect On Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Alabama from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate the potential of the methyl ester of bensulfuron applied at sublethal rates as a plant growth regulator for reducing plant height and boll rot in cotton. Bensulfuron at 0.017 and 0.034 g ai/ha or mepiquat chloride at 10 g ai/ha was applied POST alone at the pinhead square or early-bloom stage of cotton growth or sequentially at 0.017 followed by (fb) 0.017 g/ha, 0.034 fb 0.034 g/ha of bensulfuron and 5 fb 5, 10 fb 10, 10 fb 20, or 20 fb 20 g/ha of mepiquat chloride. Mepiquat chloride had no effect on yield in 1992 and 1994 but decreased yield when applied sequentially in 1993. Bensulfuron was generally detrimental to first position fruit retention, and it delayed maturity. Treatments that reduced plant height did not reduce boll rot. Bensulfuron treatments that reduced plant height also reduced yield; therefore, the potential for its use as a growth regulator in cotton appears limited.

Flowering and fruit set in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Female Flowers

The pattern of panicle and flower development of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees was studied in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�S.). The cultivars studied were Tai So at 3 sites, Bengal at 4 sites, Kwai May Pink at 2 sites, Salathiel at 3 sites, and Wai Chee at 2 sites. Tai So was the earliest cultivar, with panicle emergence in late May and flower anthesis in mid September. The other cultivars were 5-7 weeks later. Tai So had a longer period of flower anthesis than the other cultivars (4 weeks v. 1-3 weeks). Cultivars Tai So and Bengal generally had longer panicles than cvv. Kwai May Pink, Salathiel and Wai Chee (17-32 v. 10-14 cm), and more flowers per panicle (1800-3400 v. 400-900). Similarly, the number of fruit per panicle ranged from 7-33/panicle 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering, to 4-22/panicle at harvest. The proportion of female flowers setting fruit ranged from 2.1 to 19.5%. Similar estimates for fruit carried to harvest ranged from 0.8 to 6.8%. Variations in the times of panicle emergence, panicle development, and anthesis among the cultivars in relation to seasonal progressions in temperature affected the number of fruit set. The number of fruit set per panicle increased as the number of female flowers per panicle increased. Higher numbers of female flowers were associated with maximum temperatures during flower development of 18�C, with lower numbers at 23�C. Higher maximum temperatures during anthesis (30�C v. 24�C) increased the proportion of female flowers setting fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit-set and Quality of Guava

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreef Mahmood ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hasan ◽  
S.M. Younus Ali ◽  
Rafija Alam Ripa ◽  
Md. Golap Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit

Two plant growth regulators: β-NOA (50 and 80 ppm) and GA (200 and 250 ppm) were applied to emasculated flowers at anthesis to set parthenocarpic fruit, while in the control treatment fruit set was achieved by natural pollination. The application of β-NOA found ineffective in setting parthenocarpic guava. No significant differences were observed in the length and diameter of fruit between parthenocarpic and naturally pollinated seeded fruit at different days after anthesis. The mean fruit weight, TSS and ascorbic acid content of parthenocarpic fruit were similar to that of seeded fruit. Significant higher amount of total polyphenol was detected in the seeded fruit than the parthenocarpic fruit. Although 200 ppm GA showed comparatively better response to fruit growth, TSS and ascorbic acid content than 250 ppm GA but not in a statistical level.

Laxogenosides Enhance Yield and Quality of Raphanus sativus L. Under Greenhouse Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Jinna Liu ◽  
Zihe Zha ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Cunli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Yield And Quality

Laxogenoside-C (LG-C) has BRs-likely activity and with higher activity stability. In this study, the LG-C and SsS (the mixture of Laxogenoside-A, -B, and -C; isolated from the Smilax scobinicaulis C.H. Wright) were used to conduct the seeding treatment and greenhouse experiments with different application time and concentrations, to clarify the effect on yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for development of a new plant growth regulator. The results showed that 10 μM LG-C and SsS increased hypocotyls, elongation and cotyledon weight compared with other treatment. The greenhouse experiments indicated that the interaction effect of plant growth regulator types and application time was significant for all parameters except for phosphorus content. An application of LG-C or SsS produced a higher yield than multiple times. Compared with T0 treatment, LG-C and SsS sprayed at root enlargement (T4) increased yield by 25.33% and 24.10%, respectively. T4 treatment of LG-C produced the highest yield and free amino acid and phosphorus, but the other parameters not. T4 treatment of SsS not only had the highest yield and water-soluble carbohydrates and water-soluble protein but also improved the other radish quality. In conclusion, this study indicated that the application of SsS at root enlargement with 10 μM improved radish root tubers yield and quality.

scholarly journals The Inheritance of Parthenocarpy and Associated Traits in Pepino

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Juan J. Ruiz ◽  
Fernando Nuez
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
High Degree

Parthenocarpy in pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) can overcome poor fruit set caused by pollination deficiencies. In two families involving a parthenocarpic parent (Pp), a nonparthenocarpic parent (Pnp), and the generations Pp⊗, Pnp⊗, F1, BCp, BCnp, and F2, we studied three traits that are often confused: parthenocarpy, efficiency of parthenocarpy over seeded fruit set, and the degree of facultative parthenocarpy. Plants were trained to two stems (A and B). On stem A we emasculated six flowers per truss; three were pollinated and the other three were left unpollinated. We considered that a plant was parthenocarpic if it set one or more seedless fruit similar in size and shape to those seeded, and nonparthenocarpic if it only set seeded fruit. The efficiency of parthenocarpy over seeded fruit set was measured with a parthenocarpic fruit set index (PFSI), defined as twice the ratio of seedless to total fruit on stem A. In stem B all flowers were left to self-pollinate naturally. We quantified the degree of facultative parthenocarpy as the percentage of seedless fruit of the total. Parthenocarpy is controlled by one dominant gene for which we propose the symbol P. Parthenocarpic fruit set in the homozygote PP was as efficient as the seeded one (PFSI ≈ 1); in the heterozygote Pp it was less efficient (PFSI ≈ 0.6). The dose of gene P explained the differences found between generations for the PFSI and made it possible to predict the PFSI of a given generation from the proportions of PP and Pp genotypes. Although for the Pp hybrids parthenocarpic fruit set was less efficient than the seeded one, their ability to set seedless fruit in conditions of deficient pollination, together with their high degree of heterosis, makes them agronomically useful. The degree of facultative parthenocarpy seemed to be a complex trait with low heritability. In environments unfavorable for pollination, parthenocarpic genotypes set seedless fruit, thus ensuring crop production and yield stability. Using the degree of facultative parthenocarpy to classify plants for parthenocarpy is not recommended. Developing parthenocarpic cultivars can help spread this crop and stabilize yields.

scholarly journals Downstream of GA4, PbCYP78A6 Regulates Parthenogenesis by Mediating Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Pear (Pyrus Bretshneider Rehd.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqi Zhang ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Huibin Wang ◽  
Liu Cong ◽  
Rui Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Ectopic Overexpression

Abstract Background: Parthenocarpy results in traits attractive to both consumers and breeders, and it overcomes the obstacle of self-incompatibility in the fruit set of horticultural crops, including pear (Pyrus bretshneider). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate parthenogenesis. Results: Here, in a transcriptional comparison between pollination-dependent and GA4-induced parthenocarpy, PbCYP78A6 was identified and proposed as a candidate gene involved in parthenocarpy. PbCYP78A6 is similar to Arabidopsis thaliana CYP78A6 and is highly expressed in pear hypanthia. The increased PbCYP78A6 expression, as assessed by RT-qPCR, was induced by pollination and GA4 exposure. The ectopic overexpression of PbCYP78A6 contributed to parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. The PbCYP78A6 expression coincided with fertilized and parthenocarpic fruitlet development and the expression of fruit development-related genes as assessed by cytological observations and RT-qPCR, respectively. PbCYP78A6 RNA interference and overexpression revealed that the gene is an upstream regulator of fruit development-related genes in pear. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PbCYP78A6 plays a critical role in cell proliferation and provide insights into controlling parthenocarpy.

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