RESPONSE OF SOYBEANS TO TEMPERATURE UNDER HIGH LIGHT INTENSITIES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HOFSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
High Light ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Differential growth responses were observed for soybeans subjected to day temperatures from 18 to 36 C under controlled greenhouse conditions at high light intensities. Leaf area production reached a maximum at 27–30 C, whereas maximum dry matter accumulation was obtained at 36 C. Specific leaf weight varied with temperature and was greatest at the high and low temperature regimes. Stem elongation was greatest at 36 C, and axillary growth was most evident at low temperatures. Except at the very early stages, about 50% of the dry matter accumulation occurred in the leaf blades, irrespective of the temperature.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: II. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CABINETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stanfield ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
H. F. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effects of day/night temperature regimes from 7/4 to 32/24 °C on growth and development of Pisum sativum L. var. Dark Skin Perfection were studied in controlled-environment cabinets. Light intensity was about 1500 foot-candles and the photoperiod was 16 hours. Rate of plant development, in terms of nodes produced per day, increased steadily as the average temperature increased. Rate of stem elongation, however, was most rapid at 21/13 °C; and plant height was greatest at 16/10 °C. On a dry matter accumulation rate basis, vine growth decreased above and below a temperature optimum which shifted from 21/16 to 16/10 °C in the course of plant development. The combination of high day and high night temperatures caused an increase in the number of nodes to the first flower. Tillering was most prolific at the lower temperatures and was absent at 32 °C day temperatures. Pea yield decreased as temperature increased above 16/10 °C, due mainly to a reduction in the number of pods per plant.

scholarly journals Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza ESHGHIZADEH ◽  
Morteza ZAHEDI ◽  
Samaneh MOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes.

EAR LENGTH AND SPIKELET NUMBER OF WHEAT GROWN AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND LIGHT INTENSITIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Light ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The number of spikelets on the differentiating inflorescence and the ear at anthesis was highest at high light intensities and at low temperatures. The length of the developing inflorescence and the ear, the height of the main stem, and the total plant dry weight at the time of anthesis were also greatest under these conditions.These results are related to differential effects of temperature and light intensity on the rates and duration of apical elongation, morphological development of the ear, and spikelet formation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED LIGHT QUALITY ON DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORA TZVELEV. GROWTH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144c-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
John W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Sulfate Solutions

The use of light quality as an alternate method for controlling ornamental plant growth was evaluated using copper sulfate solutions as optical filters, The light passed through CuSO4 solutions had high red/far-red (R/FR) ratio. Plant height and average internode length were significantly reduced by high R/FR light. Plants grown under high R/FR light had smaller leaves and a lower total leaf area but had thicker leaves, as indicated by specific leaf weight, than the control plants. Fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots were reduced by high R/FR light. Dry matter accumulation in leaves was increased by high R/FR light while it was reduced in stems. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) application partially overcame the height reduction under high R/FR light indicating that GA biosynthesis maybe affected by light treatment. Results suggests alteration of light quality could be used in controlling ornamental plant growth as an alternate method to conventional chemical growth regulator applications.

Growth Responses of Green and Yellow Foxtail (Setaria viridisand S.lutescens) to Shade

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Bubar ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Foxtail

The growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridisL. Beauv. ♯3SETVI) and yellow foxtail [S. lutescens(Weigel.) Hubb. ♯ SETLU] in full sunlight, under 55 and 73% shade and within a wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’) stand, was compared in field experiments conducted over 3 yr. Shade resulted in a proportionately greater reduction in tiller number of yellow foxtail than of green foxtail. Plants growing in full sunlight produced up to five times more tillers than those growing in the crop. Averaged over the 3 yr, the two shade treatments reduced dry-matter accumulation of both species by 40% or more. The dry weight of plants within the crop was only about one-eighth of that of plants grown in full sunlight. Under both shade treatments and in the crop, yellow foxtail was consistently taller than green foxtail. Nevertheless, no differences in dry weight occurred between species under either shade treatment or in the crop. The results indicate that neither of the two species is distinctly more shade tolerant than the other, nor better adapted to compete with wheat.

The effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of opium poppy in north central India

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
R. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Central India ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
North Central

SummaryIn a 2-year field study conducted at Lucknow (26·5° N, 80·5° E and 120 m altitude), plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation and N uptake of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) followed a sigmoid path. After attaining a peak of accumulation at 120 days, dry matter declined in plots given N fertilizer but remained static in the control. N application (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) increased the opium, seed and morphine yields compared with the control. Morphine concentration (%) in the opium, however, increased up to 100 kg N/ha and decreased when N doses exceeded that level. Divided application of N, i.e. half at sowing and remainder at the stem elongation stage, proved beneficial for opium, seed and morphine yields.

scholarly journals Physiology and growth of the watermelon grown under nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rates via mineral and organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e2509119677
Author(s):  
Francisco de Sales Oliveira Filho ◽  
Francisco Hevilásio Freire Pereira ◽  
Ewerton Gonçalves de Abrantes ◽  
Pedro Alves dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lins Casimiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and growth responses of watermelon under application of NPK rates using different proportions of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiment was taken place in an area located at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Pombal - PB (6º48'16'' S and 37º49'15'' W), during the period from June to September 2013. The treatments consisted of three nutrient concentrations of N, P and K (50, 100 and 150% of NPK recommendation for watermelon) and five proportions of mineral and organic fertilizer (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 to 0/100). The design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3 x 5, with four replications. The amount of 100 % was the corresponding NPK 120 kg ha-1, respectively, for N, P and K. They were evaluated: gas exchange, leaf dry matter, stem, fruit and leaf area. The concentration of 150 % of the recommended NPK to the culture of watermelon was the most effective in increasing the physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation in stem, leaf, fruit, and leaf area. The combined application of mineral and organic fertilizer provides equivalent photosynthetic rate isolated application of mineral fertilizer with an 50/50 ratio the most effective for this variable. The proportions 75/25 and 50/50 were the most efficient in dry matter accumulation in watermelon.

Temperature Effects on Vegetative Growth of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
C Partitioning

Vegetative growth response of round-leaved mallow to various day/night temperature regimes was studied under controlled-environment conditions to predict its potential geographic distribution and to develop an effective control program. Round-leaved mallow dry matter production was greatest with day temperatures of 18 to 26 C. Dry matter accumulation was reduced by a night temperature of 6 C but was minimally affected by night temperatures ranging from 12 to 24 C. Regression analysis predicted minimal vegetative growth at mean daily temperatures below 8 C and above 30 C, with optimum growth at 20 C. Partitioning of round-leaved mallow biomass in leaves, stems, and roots was affected by temperature. Maximum leaf weight ratio occurred at low temperatures, 10 C day and 6 C night. Stem weight ratio was greatest at a day temperature of 26 C, with night temperature having little effect. Maximum root biomass occurred with a day temperature of 18 C. Results are discussed in terms of environmental conditions that allow round-leaved mallow to be an effective competitor with crops and potential approaches for its control.

Influence of pH on Cephalosporium gramineum. I. Radial growth and dry matter accumulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2299-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Citrate Phosphate ◽  
Citrate Phosphate Buffer

Radial growth of three isolates of Cephalosporium gramineum was fastest at or below pH 6.0 and slowest at pH 7.5 at 20 °C on corn meal agar and mineral salts agar adjusted to pH values from 4.5 to 7.5 with either phosphate or citrate–phosphate buffer. Interactions among medium, pH, buffer, and isolate occurred. On media containing phosphate buffer, growth occurred over the entire range of pH and was maximal at pH 5.5, but on media containing citrate–phosphate buffer, growth was maximal at pH 4.5, with little growth above pH 6.5. Dry matter accumulation was greatest at pH 4.5 and least at pH 7.5 in mineral salts broth buffered with phosphate or citrate–phosphate buffer. The water potential of media buffered with citrate–phosphate buffer was lower than that of media buffered with phosphate buffer, but these differences only partially explain the observed growth responses. Growth of C. gramineum occurred from 5 to 25 °C, but it was fastest at 20 °C. In general, temperature did not influence the qualitative response of C. gramineum to pH. The pH range most favorable to growth in vitro corresponds to the range of soil pH most favorable to development of cephalosporium stripe disease in the field and greenhouse; this may help explain the increased incidence of disease through increased inoculum potential.

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