EFFECTS OF SUCCINIC ACID 2,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZIDE, 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID, AND ETHYLENE ON RESPIRATION, ETHYLENE PRODUCTION, AND RIPENING OF "REDHAVEN" PEACHES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN E. LOONEY
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Stage 1

Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) were applied to peach (Prunus persica L. cult "Redhaven") trees 7 and 9 weeks after bloom, respectively. Fruits harvested weekly throughout the growing season were examined for respiratory behavior and ethylene production with and without the addition of ethylene gas. All fruits harvested during the first (stage 1) of the two periods of rapid fruit growth, as well as mature fruits (in late stage 3), displayed a climateric respiratory pattern and produced appreciable amounts of ethylene. Alar significantly increased the ethylene production associated with ripening. Ethrel increased ethylene production only in ripening fruits not given the postharvest ethylene treatment. Both Alar and Ethrel advanced and favored uniform fruit ripening, the combination of these materials appearing to be most effective.

Transcriptome analysis of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) during the late stage of fruit ripening

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Pan ◽  
Y. Sheng ◽  
Z.H. Gao ◽  
H.L. Chen ◽  
Y.J. Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Prunus Persica

Control of Fruit Ripening in Peach, Prunus persica: Action of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide and (2-Chloroethyl)Phosphonic Acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
NE Looney ◽  
WB Mcglasson ◽  
BG Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii

Fruits of Halehaven and Fragar peaches (mid- and late season respectively) were sampled and examined weekly during one complete growing season. The period of rapid growth following anthesis (stage I) was characterized by relatively high respiration and ethylene production rates. Fruits of both cultivars entered the subsequent period of slow growth (stage II) together. Ethylene production was low and respiration declined throughout stage II. Sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), but not succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), resulted in increased ethylene evolution by stage II fruits. Neither chemical altered respiration or the duration of stage II. Both chemicals, however, advanced commercial harvest and promoted ripening of fruits sampled throughout the final rapid growth period (stage III). All fruits sampled during stage III showed a climacteric-like increase in respiration and ethylene production. The horticultural effectiveness of SADH and ethephon appears to be due to a promotion of physiological activity in stage III. Abscisic acid in peach pericarp increased just before and during stage III. Possible roles for abscisic acid and ethylene in regulating the stage II-stage III transition in peaches and other fruits are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization and Transcript Profiling of PME and PMEI Gene Families during Peach Fruit Maturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqing Zhu ◽  
Wenfang Zeng ◽  
Xiaobei Wang ◽  
Lei Pan ◽  
Liang Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Peach Fruit

Pectins are synthesized and secreted to the cell wall as highly methyl-esterified polymers and demethyl-esterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which are regulated by pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). PMEs and PMEIs are involved in pectin degradation during fruit softening; however, the roles of the PME and PMEI gene families during fruit softening remain unclear. Here, 71 PME and 30 PMEI genes were identified in the peach (Prunus persica) genome and shown to be unevenly distributed on all eight chromosomes. The 71 PME genes comprised 36 Type-1 PMEs and 35 Type-2 PMEs. Transcriptome analysis showed that 11 PME and 15 PMEI genes were expressed during fruit ripening in melting flesh (MF) and stony-hard (SH) peaches. Three PME and five PMEI genes were expressed at higher levels in MF than in SH fruit and exhibited softening-associated expression patterns. Upstream regulatory cis elements of these genes related to hormone response, especially naphthaleneacetic acid and ethylene, were investigated. One PME (Prupe.7G192800) and two PMEIs (Prupe.1G114500 and Prupe.2G279800), and their promoters were identified as potential targets for future studies on the biochemical metabolism and regulation of fruit ripening. The comprehensive data generated in this study will improve our understanding of the PME and PMEI gene families in peach. However, further detailed investigation is necessary to elucidate the biochemical function and regulation mechanism of the PME and PMEI genes during peach fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of 1-MCP and Temperature on 'Elberta' Peach Quality

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fan ◽  
L. Argenta ◽  
J.P. Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Internal Browning

'Elberta' peaches (Prunus persica L.) harvested 6 days apart were treated with 0.5 mL·L-1 1-MCP for 4 hours at 20 °C then stored at 0, 5, 10 or 20 °C. Fruit were ripened at 20 °C for 3 days after 1, 3, and 6 weeks of storage at 0, 5, and 10 °C. Treatment with 1-MCP delayed the onset of climacteric ethylene production and reduced respiration in fruit held at 20 °C. 1-MCP-treated fruit were firmer than untreated controls after storage at 0 or 5 °C. 1-MCP-treated fruit also had higher titratable acidity (TA) after 1 week of storage at 0 or 5 °C, but TA was lower compared to controls after 3 or 6 weeks of storage. Fruit stored at 5 °C had more severe internal browning, lower extractable juice and TA than fruit stored at either 0 or 10 °C, however, 1-MCP treated fruit had more severe internal browning than untreated fruit after 3 and 6 weeks of storage at 5 °C. Fruit from harvest 1 treated with 1-MCP and stored at 0 °C for 6 weeks failed to soften after removal from storage. Chemical name used: 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).

Vagal afferent activity increases dynamical dimension of respiration in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1748-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sammon ◽  
E. N. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Intact Animal ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Correlation Integral ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Generator Output ◽  
Low Order

Geometric and numerical techniques from nonlinear dynamics are employed to characterize the respiratory patterns of adult rats. In phase space constructions from volume measurements, the respiratory behavior of the vagotomized rat is seen to be unimodal and periodic, whereas that of the vagi-intact animal is bimodal and sensitive to initial conditions and displays stretching and folding of trajectories. By use of the correlation integral, the dimension and entropy were estimated for the respiratory patterns of five urethan-anesthetized rats (before and after vagotomy) and two awake animals (resting, vagi intact only). The results indicate that the central respiratory pattern of the anesthetized vagotomized rat behaves primarily as a single degree-of-freedom oscillator, which can be moved into a regime of low-order chaos in the presence of feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors, contributing significantly to the variability observed in the respiratory pattern of the vagi-intact animal. A model designed to emulate the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex demonstrates that the inspiration-inhibiting action of the reflex interacting with the oscillator at a critical phase transition is sufficient to drive the central pattern generator output into low-order chaos.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of climacteric fruit ripening in a melon population segregating for ripening behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Pereira ◽  
Miguel Santo Domingo ◽  
Valentino Ruggieri ◽  
Jason Argyris ◽  
Michael A. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species, allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches. We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), obtained by crossing a climacteric (Védrantais, cantalupensis type) and a non-climcteric variety (Piel de Sapo T111, inodorus type), for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production. Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced, the early onset of ethylene production, and other phenotypes associated with ripening. We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8, ETHQV8.1, which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening, and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response. The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 211 accessions of the ssp. melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas, one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1. The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening. This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.

Ethylene responses in non-climacteric horticultural crops.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (052) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Per Se

Abstract Ethylene regulates a number of metabolic routes throughout the crop growing season at different environmental conditions. The most known process dealing with the action of such a hormone turns out to be ripening of climacteric fruits, which as opposed to non-climacteric fruits, reveals that ripening is accompanied by a respiration peak in conjunction with a concomitant outburst of ethylene production. Ethylene has been the target of scientific investigations carried out by researchers linked to fruit and horticulture sciences owing to physiological responsiveness of non-climacteric fruits regarding quality issues, since consumption has been plummeting whereas production costs soar more and more. Molecular techniques have been largely and globally scrutinized in order to provide a better understanding of ripening physiology of fruits and horticultural species. Physiological responses come to being enigmatic and quite complex because variability inherent to different horticultural species, maturation process per se, and cultivar factors impair the possibility of garnering knowledge in light of clear evidence on processes encrusted in ethylene production from non-climacteric fruits.

CHANGES IN FLESH FIRMNESS AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT PEACH TYPES DURING FRUIT RIPENING

2008 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Ming-Te Lu ◽  
Chia-Wei Song ◽  
Chao-Chia Huang ◽  
Shyi-Kuan Ou
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Flesh Firmness

scholarly journals Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249192
Author(s):  
Daniel Kraus ◽  
Andreas Kleiber ◽  
Enrico Ehrhardt ◽  
Matthias Leifheit ◽  
Peter Horbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Flow Focusing ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Mixed Stage

Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).

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