EVALUATION OF BROMEGRASS WHEN GROWN IN PURE STAND AND IN MIXTURE WITH ALFALFA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Second Year

The two best and two lowest yielding of nine bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) strains were as readily identified from two-year as from three-year hay yield data. Root production was not satisfactorily evaluated from four soil cores per plot. Grass stand was very variable, for both strains and management systems. Spring vigor in the first year of production tended to be associated with plant number established in the seedling year. Strains were satisfactorily characterized for spring vigor in the second year of production and third-year data were not necessary. Strain differences in fall growth and rhizome extension were more pronounced, and coefficients of variation were reduced, as the stands aged.Alfalfa seeded with bromegrass masked the grass and made it difficult to evaluate most grass characters. Bromegrass strains evaluated in pure grass swards either with or without fertilizer gave comparable results. An advantage from fertilizer application was that the coefficient of variation for hay yield was reduced.

RESULTS OF AUTUMN TOP CUTTING OF FESTULOLIUM GRASS STAND WITH RYEGRASS MORPHOTYPE

1970 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Zolotarev ◽  
N. I. Perepravo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
First Year ◽  
Specific Technique ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
First Year Of Life

Novel crop. Festulolium. is a hybrid of Festucа spp. and Lolium spp. Hybrids combine traits of both parents. Different varieties resemble morphologically either ryegrass or fescue. Compared to original parental forms - meadow and tall fescues and pe­rennial and Australian ryegrasses — festulolium hybrids show new biological and economically important traits, requiring de­velopment of specific technique for seed production. In the first year of life, plants of Festulolium and bushes grow vigorously during the entire summer period, forming a continuous closed sward height of 30 cm and density of shoots of more than 3.6 thousand pieces/m2. The accumulation of excessive vegetative mass leads to a deterioration of wintering conditions and the death of 37-39 % of the shoots. Autumn mowing of crops improves the conditions of overwintering and enhance the safety of sprouts at 14-17 %. The choice of duration of this application depends on the method of sowing of Festulolium. The optimum term of removal of the vegetative mass in the first year of life in the soil cultivating sowing method, and in the second year of life is the second week of September. When uncoated ranelate method of sowing of Festulolium best time of rejection of the vegetative mass is between 15 to 30 September. The fall mowing of the grass at the optimal time increases the number of generative shoots from 8-11% to 44% and seed yield of Festulolium of the first year of use of 9-11 to 24-27 %, second year by 17-25 %.

scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Crops

On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.

scholarly journals Characteristics of growth and development of perennial grasses on the basis of meadow tetraploid clover

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Zh. S. Nelyubina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Second Year

Perennial grasses are less dependent on weather and soil conditions than other crops due to their plasticity, low demand for growing conditions, and a large variety of species. In 2013-2017 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic the biological properties of meadow tetraploid clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa changeable (Medicago x varia Martyn), birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) and timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) in double and triple agrocenoses were studied according to the age of the grass stand and the term of mowing. Plant density of perennial grasses in agrocenoses depended on the biological characteristics of the species, the age of grass stand and the term of mowing. In the first year of use of agrophytocenoses the density of stalk stand was at the level of 374-542 pcs /m2, in the second year of use it was a little higher (348-688 pcs /m2), in the third year of use – 240-594 pcs /m2. High density of meadow tetraploid clover in the grass stand was noted in the second year of use – 266-520 pcs/m2. The number of timothy grass stems (122-194 pcs/m2) in the grass mixture was high even in the first year of grass stand use, in the following years there was a further increase of this indicator to 196-412 pcs/m2. By the third year of use there was an increase in the number of stems of alfalfa changeable to 86-148 pcs/m2 and birds-foot trefoil – up to 108-200 pcs/m2. The plant density of the eastern galega in agrocenoses was low. The agrometeorological conditions of the year and the term of mowing affected the height and leafiness of perennial grass plants in agrocenoses. The leafiness of meadow tetraploid clover reached 64%, of the eastern galega – 74%. Timothy grass plants were less leafy – 23-38%. The height  of meadow clover plants was at the level of 51 cm, of timothy grass – 75-78 cm. Birds-foot trefoil was the shortest component of grass mixtures. High yield of dry mass of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use – 7.8 and 6.5 t/ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover decreased to 2.9 t/ha. The highest yields for the years of research were formed by the following agrocenoses: clover + alfalfa, clover + timothy, and clover + alfalfa + timothy – 5.9-6.3 t/ha.

Effect of N supply upon the seasonal partitioning of N and P uptake in young Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Proe ◽  
P. Millard
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Second Year

Seasonal relationships between N supply, tree growth, and partitioning of both N and P have been studied in young trees using 15N and 32P isotopes. Three-year-old clonal cuttings of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) were grown for 2 years in sand irrigated with a nutrient solution containing either 1.0 mol N•m−3 (low N) or 6.0 mol N•m−3 (high N). In the first year, trees received 2-week pulses of 15N and 32P to label current nutrient uptake during either a period of rapid spring growth or shortly after bud set in summer. In the second year, trees that had been preconditioned to a low-N supply received 3-week pulses of 15N at either the low rate of application or at the high rate to simulate a single application of N fertilizer. In spring of the first year, N treatment had no effect upon tree growth. Low-N trees increased the partition of 15N uptake to roots, but the partition of 32P was not affected by N supply and was similar to the partition of 15N in the high-N treatment. At the time of the later pulse, however, growth was affected by N supply and 32P partitioning to roots increased to match the partition of 15N in the low-N treatment. During the second year, the additional 15N given to Low-N trees to simulate fertilizer application was partitioned predominantly to current shoots and roots. Results are discussed in relation to the processes of internal cycling and the partition of nutrients taken up by larger trees.

scholarly journals UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD'

CORD ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Gerardo D. Padrones ◽  
Millicent I. Secretaria ◽  
Severino S. Magat
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Production Scheme ◽  
Second Year

The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith  or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants  per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City.    The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest.  The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha.   Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double  plants per hill scheme  indicated a total net income of  P129,030  per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI)  of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%.   Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively.   Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Flowering and Yield of Soybeans in Nigeria

1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
G. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Cropping Seasons

SummaryA NPK factorial experiment was conducted during two successive cropping seasons to study direct and residual effects of various treatments on the flower initiation and yield of soybeans. Plants were slower to reach the maximum flowering stage in the year of fertilizer application than in the following year. During the first year potassium in association with phosphorus delayed the flower forming process, whereas potassium alone hastened flowering in the second year unless associated with a high dosage of nitrogen. All the treatments gave far greater yields in the first season, suggesting that fertilizers should be applied during every cropping season. Nitrogen and phosphorus at 20 pounds of N2 and P2O5, per acre gave the biggest yields, but potassium failed to show any response. The residual responses to potassium and phosphorus during the second year were significant but not to nitrogen.

scholarly journals Productivity of common Saint-John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) by using transplant reproduction method in the conditions of drip irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
N. V. Pryvedenyuk ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Reproduction Method

The influence of plant nutrition area and mineral fertilizer rates on the productivity of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) by using transplant reproduction method in the conditions of drip irrigation was studied. It was proved that the transplant method of cultivation of St. John's wort under drip irrigation is a very effective method of reproduction of this crop. Four variants of  planting density per unit area were studied: 42 thousand plants / ha (cultivation scheme 60x40 cm), 56 thousand plants / ha (60x30 cm), 83 thousand plants / ha (60x20 cm) and 167 thousand plants / ha (60x10 cm). Yield recording of raw materials (air-dry tops) was carried out in the phase of mass flowering. In the first year of vegetation this period was in the first decade of August, in the second year – in the second decade of June. It was found that the increase in the number of planted plants of St. John's wort per 1 ha contributed to the increased plantation productivity. When having a cultivation plant density of 42,000 plants / ha, the yield of dry grass in the first year of vegetation was 3,02 t / ha. Increasing the number of plants to 56 thousand plants / ha provided 3,26 t / ha of raw materials. The highest yield of dried St. John's wort – 3,76 t / ha in the first year of vegetation was obtained in the variant with the largest number of planted plants per unit area - 167 thousand plants / ha. In the second year of vegetation of St. John's wort in the variant with the lowest plant density of 42 thousand plants / ha, the yield was 3,65 t / ha. The most productive plantation of the second year of vegetation was in the variant with a plant density of 83 thousand plants / ha, where the yield of dry raw materials was 3,96 t / ha. A further increase in the number of plants per unit area led to a decrease in crop yields. The influence of four variants of the main application of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of St. John's wort was also studied: N0P0K0 (reference), N60P60K60, N120P120K120 and N180P180K180. It was found that with increasing fertilizer application rate, the yield of dry raw materials increased. The most favorable conditions for growth and development of plants of St. John's wort developed in the variant with the maximum rate of fertilizer application - N180P180K180, where the yield of dry raw materials in the first year was 3,31 t / ha, and in the second year – 4,15 t / ha, which exceeded the reference result (without fertilizers) by 0,61 t / ha and 0,84 t / ha, respectively.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

Exploring the Implementation of Early Math Assessments in Kindergarten Classrooms: A Research-Practice Collaboration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McDonald ◽  
Rebecca Merkley ◽  
Jacqueline Mickle ◽  
Lisa Collimore ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Early Numeracy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Second Year

Research in cognitive development has highlighted that early numeracy skills are associated with later math achievement, suggesting that these skills should be targeted in early math education. Here we tested whether tools used by researchers to assess mathematical thinking could be useful in the classroom. This paper describes a collaborative project between cognitive scientists and school board researchers/educators implementing numeracy screeners with kindergarten students over the course of three school years. The Give-A-Number task (Wynn, 1990) was used with first-year kindergarten students and the Numeracy Screener [BLINDED] with second-year kindergarten students. Results indicated that educators (N = 59) found the tools feasible to implement and helpful for exploring their students’ thinking and targeting instruction. The Educators’ feedback also helped inform improvements to the implementation of the tools and future directions for both the schools and the researchers. This work emphasizes the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration to address the research-practice gap.

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