LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH RESPONSES OF THE TOMATO

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Growth

The effects of low temperatures on several growth phases of the tomato were studied. The tests, each conducted over a 2-week period, included seed germination at 8.5 °C, rate of seedling growth at a night temperature of 10 °C, root and top growth of plants in soil at 15 °C, and fruit set at a night temperature of 4.5 °C.Varietal response to growth rate at low temperatures differed in all phases studied, and varieties that performed well in some phases did not always perform well in others. Of the varieties studied, six grew well under most of the low-temperature conditions. These were: Earlinorth, Bonita, Azerbidzivisky, P.I. 205040, P.I. 280597, and Cold Set.

Photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism modulate the low-temperature resistance of seed germination in maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiju Meng ◽  
Daxing Wen ◽  
Chunqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Spring maize is usually subjected to low-temperature stress during seed germination, which retards seedling growth even if under a suitable temperature. However, the mechanism underlying maize seed germination under low-temperature stress modulating seedling growth after being transferred to normal temperature is still ambiguous. In this study, we used two maize inbred lines with different low-temperature resistance (SM and RM) to investigate the mechanism. The results showed that the SM line had higher lipid peroxidation and lower total antioxidant capacity and germination percentage than the RM line under low-temperature stress, which indicated that the SM line was more vulnerable to low-temperature stress. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that seed germination under low-temperature stress caused down-regulation of photosynthesis related gene ontology (GO) terms in two lines. Moreover, the SM line displayed down-regulation of ribosome and superoxide dismutase (SOD) related genes, whereas genes involved in SOD and vitamin B6 were up-regulated in the RM line. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism related pathways played important roles in seed germination in response to low-temperature stress, and the photosynthetic system displayed a higher damage degree in the SM line. Both qRT-PCR and physiological characteristics experiments showed similar results with transcriptome data. Taken together, we propose a model for maize seed germination in response to low-temperature stress.

Enhancement by Low Temperatures of the Anaerobic Induction of Cocklebur Seed Germination

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Esashi ◽  
Y Ohhara
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Anaerobic Induction ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Proportional Increase

Non-dormant, upper cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) seeds, incapable of germinating under ordinary conditions, can germinate when previously subjected to anaerobiosis; this has been termed the anaerobic induction of seed germination. Aerobic presoaking of the seeds was also required for successful anaerobic induction, and exerted two counter-acting effects on seed germination. When the time period of aerobic presoaking was sufficiently prolonged, the increasing duration of an anaerobic treatment resulted in proportional increase of germination potential but, when it was short, the effect of the anaerobiosis was saturated in a few days. Prolonging the aerobic presoaking period caused less response of the seed to the anaerobic induction, suggesting the development of some germination-inhibiting system during the aerobic presoaking period. This system could not develop in the absence of O2 or at low temperature. Thus, low temperature during prolonged presoaking produced a maximal response to anaerobic induction. Various germination stimulants, CO2, ethylene, gibberellic acid and benzyl adenine, did not significantly alter the effects of the presoaking.

Cluster analysis for different rapeseed varieties on seed germination and seedling growth under low temperature stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ping ◽  
Xian Meng-Zhu ◽  
Zhang Zhe ◽  
Zhang Xiao-Hong ◽  
HU Li-Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Stress

scholarly journals Growth, flowering and fruiting in tomatoes in relation to temperature, cycocel and GA.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
A.A. Abdalla ◽  
K. Verkerk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
High Temperature Regime ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Dark Green

The effects were assessed of CCC and GA on tomatoes grown either under a high temperature regime (35 degrees day and 25 degrees C. night) or at normal temperatures (22 degrees and 18 degrees ). CCC (0.4%) was applied to the soil in the pots either 2 days after transplanting or at the start of flowering; G A was applied by dipping the first truss in GA (50 p.p.m.). CCC greatly retarded the growth rate of the stems of the plants under both temperature regimes; this effect persisted for about 17 and 24 days under the high and normal temperature regimes, respectively. With plants grown at high temperatures CCC applied at the start of flowering greatly reduced flower shedding and slightly increased the fruit set and fruit development of hand-pollinated flowers. With plants grown at normal temperatures, however, the effects of CCC were slight. CCC-treated plants were sturdy with dark-green leaves which remained green longer, especially under the high temperature regime. More N accumulated in the tissues of plants grown at high temperatures than at normal temperatures, and the N content of the latter plants was considerably increased by CCC treatment. The root development of the CCC-treated plants was much more extensive than that of the untreated plants. The numbers of seeds in the hand-pollinated fruit were not affected by CCC, but at high temperatures there were considerably less seeds than at low temperatures. GA enhanced fruit set of the high-temperature plants, but the fruits were small and seedless. GA also accelerated fruit ripening by 2 and 3 weeks in the plants grown at high and normal temperatures, respectively.-Agric. Univ., Wageningen. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Faris Banding in Panicoid Grasses

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
AO Taylor ◽  
G Halligan ◽  
JA Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Night Temperature

Transverse chlorotic lesions (Faris bands) develop on the leaves of some panicoid grasses after exposure to low night temperatures. Generally, the higher the day temperature and the lower the night temperature, the greater the number and intensity of the bands which are formed. Most plants, when maintained continuously under conditions which initially produced bands, ceased producing them after only a few days, which suggests that some adaptation process occurs. Amongst the panicoid grasses there was a wide between-plant, between-species and between-genus variation in banding sensitivity; plants which produced fewest bands or required the lowest temperatures to produce bands frequently showed better growth at low temperatures. However, as there are some wide departures from this general rule, banding sensitivity would appear to be a poor selection criterion for low-temperature hardiness.

scholarly journals The effect of strong microwave electric field radiation on: (1) vegetable seed germination and seedling growth rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Radzevičius ◽  
Sandra Sakalauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Dagys ◽  
Rimantas Simniškis ◽  
Rasa Karklelienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Field Radiation

Split Defect of Swiss Cheese

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. HETTINGA ◽  
G. W. REINBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Specific Activities

In a preceding paper we reported that certain strains of Propionibacterium which grow at low temperatures are able to split Swiss cheese. The metabolic characteristics of these strains differ from those of strains unable to grow and produce CO2 at low temperatures. The optimal pH for malate dehydrogenase activity of cell-free extracts of the low-temperature growing strains was 7.5, whereas it was 8.5 for strains lacking the ability to grow at low temperatures. Arrhenius plots of enzymic specific activity for lactate and malate dehydrogenases of cell-free extracts obtained from low-temperature growing strains showed greatest activities at temperatures below 10 C. At 15 C or greater, cell-free extracts of strains without low-temperature growth ability showed equal or greater lactate or malate dehydrogenase specific activities. Thus, enzymes of low-temperature growing strains showed greater capacities for activity at both lower temperatures and lower pH. These data support the hypothesis that such strains at low temperature are capable of CO2 production which creates a predisposition for Swiss cheese to split when stored at temperatures of 10 C or lower.

scholarly journals Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 Uses Resource Efficiency and Molecular Motion Adaptations for Subzero Temperature Growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (7) ◽  
pp. 2340-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Bergholz ◽  
Corien Bakermans ◽  
James M. Tiedje
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerases

ABSTRACT Permafrost soils are extreme environments that exert low-temperature, desiccation, and starvation stress on bacteria over thousands to millions of years. To understand how Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 survived for >20,000 years in permafrost, transcriptome analysis was performed during growth at 22°C, 17°C, 0°C, and −6°C using a mixed-effects analysis of variance model. Genes for transcription, translation, energy production, and most biosynthetic pathways were downregulated at low temperatures. Evidence of isozyme exchange was detected over temperature for d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidases (dac1 and dac2), DEAD-box RNA helicases (csdA and Psyc_0943), and energy-efficient substrate incorporation pathways for ammonium and acetate. Specific functions were compensated by upregulation of genes at low temperature, including genes for the biosynthesis of proline, tryptophan, and methionine. RNases and peptidases were generally upregulated at low temperatures. Changes in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and RNase gene expression were consistent with induction of a resource efficiency response. In contrast to results observed for other psychrophiles and mesophiles, only clpB and hsp33 were upregulated at low temperature, and there was no upregulation of other chaperones and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. relA, csdA, and dac2 knockout mutants grew more slowly at low temperature, but a dac1 mutant grew more slowly at 17°C. The combined data suggest that the basal biological machinery, including translation, transcription, and energy metabolism, is well adapted to function across the growth range of P. arcticus from −6°C to 22°C, and temperature compensation by gene expression was employed to address specific challenges to low-temperature growth.

scholarly journals The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on seedlings growth rate and their excretory activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
A. I. Bozhkov ◽  
M. K. Kovalova ◽  
Z. A. Azeez ◽  
А. V. Goltvjansky
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Sowing Seed

The importance of studying pre-sowing seed treatment lies in the possibility of regulating the rate of seed germination, the intensity of their growth and obtaining root exudates in biotechnology. The effect of three pre-sowing treatment methods was examined (control – washing with running water; the first method – washing with 0.05% sodium permanganate solution; the second method – 30 se­conds in 70% ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) and 30 minutes in 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); the third method – 5 minutes in 70% C2H5OH and 40 minutes in 5% NaOCl) on the growth rate, germination rate, excretion rate of seeds of wheat and peas and composition (of protein, carbohydrate, amino acid content) of root exudates from the first to the third day of growth in order to obtain root exudates. It was revealed that the same pre-sowing treatment of wheat and pea seeds has a different effect on the rate and variability of seedling growth from the first to the third day, as well as on the qualitative and quantitative composition of root exudates. It was shown that pre-sowing treatment of wheat and pea seeds for 5 minutes with 70% ethanol followed by treatment with sodium hypochlorite (a “hard” treatment method) accelerates seedling growth and seed germination. This method of treatment reduces the intensity of excretion of root exudates and composition in wheat, but it increases the intensity of excretion in peas. The discovered effects can be explained by hormesis. Additionally, the third method of pre-sowing seed treatment can be used in root technologies for obtaining root exudates.

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