FUNGICIDAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON FOUR STRAWBERRY VARIETIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Rate

Captan, dichlofluanid at a high and a low rate, thiram, and a mixture of captan and thiram were tested in a field trial to control gray mold fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. on the strawberry varieties Gorella, Midway, Redcoat and Sparkle. The mean marketable yield of the varieties was increased by dichlofluanid (low) and thiram but not by the other treatments over that of non-sprayed plots. Dichlofluanid (high) gave better control of pre-harvest fruit rot than captan. Dichlofluanid (high) significantly reduced mean fruit size. Redcoat yields were higher with the low rate than the high rate of dichlofluanid, but pre-harvest fruit rot control and fruit size did not differ with the two rates. Gorella yields and fruit size were smaller with captan + thiram than with captan or thiram. Thiram reduced fruit size on Midway. The varietal reaction to fungicides suggests that marketable yield is the most important variable in selecting a fungicide for the control of gray mold fruit rot of strawberries.

scholarly journals Protected Culture Enhances Early Season Strawberry Fruit Yield and Quality in Southern California

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126D-1127
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Kirk Larson
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Field Production

Total and marketable yield, fruit size and fruit rot were evaluated for `Camarosa' and `Ventana' strawberries grown with or without protected culture in southern California in 2003 and 2004. In both years, bareroot transplants were established on 5 Oct. using standard “open field” production methods. Fifty-five days after transplanting, metal posts and arcs were positioned over portions of the field and covered with 0.0324-mm-thick clear polyethylene (Tufflite Thermal, Tyco Plastics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) to create “tunnel” structures 5 m wide, 25 m long, and 2.5 m high. Each tunnel covered three contiguous strawberry beds, and experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with individual plots consisting of 20 plants. In 2003, early season (Jan.–1 Apr.) marketable yields in tunnels were 90% and 84% greater than outdoor culture for `Ventana' and `Camarosa', respectively. In 2004, use of tunnels resulted in a 140% marketable yield increase for `Ventana' and 62% for `Camarosa' (Jan.–31 Mar.); however, unusually high temperatures (38 °C) in April resulted in reduced yields in tunnels thereafter. In both years, increased early production coincided with highest fresh market fruit prices, resulting in $5700–7700 greater returns per-acre compared to open field production. For both cultivars, tunnel production resulted in 37% to 63% fewer non-marketable fruit due to less rain damage, better fruit shape, and decreased incidence of gray mold. For all treatments, fruit size decreased as the season progressed and was more pronounced in tunnels after April. Overall, these studies indicate that tunnels have potential for enhancing early-season production and profitability of strawberries in southern California.

scholarly journals Effect of Compost Amendments on Disease Severity and Yield of Tomato in Conventional and Organic Production Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
J. Al-Dahmani ◽  
F. Sahin ◽  
H. A. J. Hoitink ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Compost Amendments

Field trials were conducted over 2 years to assess the effects of compost amendments on disease development in organic and conventional processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production systems. The incidence of anthracnose fruit rot was reduced in organic tomato plots amended with a high rate of composted cannery wastes compared with the incidence in nonamended control plots in 1998 when disease incidence was high. Marketable yield was increased by 33% in compost-amended organic plots. Plots amended with a high compost rate had more ripe fruit than the nonamended control. The incidence of anthracnose and of total disease on fruit was less on the cultivar OH 8245 than on Peto 696. Total fruit yield of OH 8245 but not Peto 696 in organic plots was increased by amendment with composted cannery wastes. In conventional tomato production, composted yard wastes increased disease severity on foliage both years but reduced bacterial spot incidence on fruit in 1997, when disease pressure was high. The incidence of anthracnose was not affected by composted yard wastes. Marketable and total fruit yields of Peto 696 were not increased in compost-amended conventional plots. The plant activator Actigard reduced foliar disease severity and the incidence of bacterial spot and anthracnose on fruit, while increasing yield of marketable fruit.

The Association between Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis and Windlass Test Results

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise De Garceau ◽  
Danielle Dean ◽  
Susan Mais Requejo ◽  
David B. Thordarson
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Positive Test Result ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Low Rate

Twenty-two patients with plantar fasciitis, 23 patients with other types of foot pain, and 30 patients in a control group were evaluated with the Windlass test performed in a weightbearing and non-weightbearing position. In the non-weightbearing test, the first MP joint was maximally dorsiflexed with the ankle stabilized. The weightbearing test was performed with the toes hanging off the edge of a stool and dorsiflexion of the first MP was performed. Seven of the 22 patients in the plantar fasciitis group had a positive weightbearing Windlass test (31.8%), while only three had a positive test result in a non-weightbearing position (13.6%). None of the patients in the other foot pain group or control group had pain in the weightbearing and non-weightbearing positions. Despite its high rate of specificity, the low rate of sensitivity of the Windlass test may limit its usefulness in the clinical evaluation in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Yield, plant characteristics, and relative tolerance to bunch loss of four banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) in the semi-arid subtropics of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
TR Hill ◽  
ARJ Bissell ◽  
JR Burt
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

The yield, plant characteristics (pseudostem height and girth), and relative tolerance to bunch loss of 4 banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) were studied over 2 crops in the semi-arid subtropics at Carnarvon, Western Australia. The varieties were New Guinea Cavendish, Chinese Cavendish, Hsien.Jen Chiao, and the most widely grown Australian variety, Williams. The marketable yield of Williams was higher (P<0.05) than the mean of the other varieties in the parent crop (70.2 v. 50.7 t/ha) and ratoon 1 crop (65.8 v. 34.4 t/ha). This was the result of lower (P<0.05) bunch loss, about 41% less over the 2 crops, than for the other varieties. Resistance to bunch loss-pseudostem breakage and bunch peduncle snap was not associated with the shorter varieties (New Guinea Cavendish and Chinese Cavendish), but resistance to choke throat was associated with the taller varieties (Williams and Hsien Jen Chiao).

scholarly journals Timing of Preharvest Infection of Pear Fruit by Botrytis cinerea and the Relationship to Postharvest Decay

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lennox ◽  
R. A. Spotts
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Postharvest Decay ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Botrytis cinerea causes significant levels of postharvest decay in the winter pear cultivar d'Anjou. The objectives of this study were to determine the timing of B. cinerea infection of pear stems and calyxes in the orchard during the growing season, to investigate the development of gray mold in storage, and to determine whether preharvest levels of B. cinerea in pear stems and calyxes can be used as predictors of gray mold levels observed in storage. Very low levels of B. cinerea were isolated from stem tissue prior to harvest. In a single year repeat experiment, stems sampled at harvest had higher levels of infection than those sampled earlier in the season. Little or no stem end gray mold was detected in fruit after 3 months in air-storage; however, incidence increased between 6 and 8 months. Calyx end gray mold was detected at low levels in fruit stored for up to 8 months. The mean incidence of stem end gray mold was 3.6 and 2.0%, and incidence of calyx end gray mold was 1.2 and 0.2%, in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Calyxes were susceptible to infection soon after full bloom; however, inoculation of calyxes in April or May did not result in higher levels of calyx end gray mold in storage. Therefore, preharvest level of calyx infection is a poor predictor of calyx end gray mold in storage. In addition, application of benomyl in the orchard reduced the level of B. cinerea in blossoms but had no effect on levels of calyx end gray mold of fruit in storage. Packing and shipping fruit within 3 to 6 months of harvest may mitigate economic losses due to gray mold.

scholarly journals Bloom and Postbloom Applications of NAD/NAA Mixture Have Minimal Effects on Yield and Fruit Size of Field-grown Tomatoes and Peppers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Stover ◽  
P.J. Stoffella ◽  
S.A. Garrison ◽  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Minimal Benefit

A commercial mixture of 1-naphthaleneacetamide and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (Amcotone) was applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at various timings from early bloom through early fruit development to evaluate effects on fruit size and both early and total marketable yield. Amcotone was applied at rates from 10 to 40 mg·L-1, at three sites for each of the species studied. Measured yield response variables in tomato did not differ between the control and Amcotone treatments, regardless of location. Amcotone treatments did not affect yields or fruit size for pepper at the New Jersey or Texas sites. However, at Ft. Pierce, Fla., early marketable yield of pepper was increased in plots receiving three Amcotone applications at 10 mg·L-1, but total marketable yield was significantly reduced in all plots receiving more than two Amcotone sprays, and mean fruit weight was reduced by all Amcotone treatments. Early and total marketable yield of pepper at Ft. Pierce were markedly reduced in plots receiving four applications of 40 mg·L-1, which was a high rate used to assess potential phytotoxicity. While minimal benefit from auxin application was observed in this study, earlier studies suggest that these results may have been influenced by favorable environmental conditions for fruit development or negative effects on unopened flowers during all Amcotone spray applications.

scholarly journals 521 Effects of Apogee on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Three Apple Cultivars in California

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 535D-535
Author(s):  
Kathy Kelley ◽  
Carol Regusci
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Low Rate

Apogee at rates of 125 and 250 ppm applied at 2-cm average shoot growth and a split application of 125 ppm applied at 2-cm shoot growth and 2 weeks later reduced vegetative growth of `Pink Lady', `Gala', and `Fuji' in 1997 and 1998. Cultivar response varied with rate and year. Fruit size was significantly increased in `Gala' at the low rate and split low rate applications and in `Fuji' at the low and high rate single application in 1998. There was no effect on return bloom or fruit color.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry to Isofetamid Compared to other SDHIs

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230
Author(s):  
Adrian I. Zuniga ◽  
Michelle S. Oliveira ◽  
Carolina S. Rebello ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Sdhb Gene ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors ◽  
Selection Of Resistance

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are the fungicides most commonly used to control Botrytis fruit rot on commercial strawberry in Florida. The medium-to-high risk of selection of resistance in the causal agent Botrytis cinerea is a threat to the efficacy of this fungicide group. In this study, we characterized the sensitivity of B. cinerea to the SDHI isofetamid, evaluated the SdhB gene mutation associated with resistance, and monitored resistance frequencies to five SDHI fungicides for two consecutive seasons. EC50 values of 70 isolates were obtained using the spiral gradient dilution (SGD) method and averaged 0.098 µg/ml of isofetamid. EC50 averages of 3.04 and >500.00 µg/ml were obtained for isolates with the N230I and P225F mutations indicating moderate and high resistance to isofetamid, respectively. A total of 565 B. cinerea isolates collected during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 seasons from strawberry nurseries and Florida production fields were evaluated using conidial germination assays. Results for the first season showed resistance frequencies of 95, 33, 21, 25, and 0% to boscalid, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, benzovindiflupyr, and isofetamid, respectively. The respective resistance frequencies for the following season were 91, 95, 44, 27, and 1.3%. Only three isolates were found to be moderately resistant to isofetamid during the second season, and the mutation N230I was identified after sequence analysis. These isolates were confirmed to be resistant to isofetamid in fruit assays with disease incidence of 55.6 to 77.0%; however, the conidial production of the isolates was inhibited by an average of 83.9%. In general, isofetamid efficacy was higher than the other evaluated SDHIs, but a slight increase in resistance frequencies was observed in our study.

Phenological Aspects of Strawberry Growth Influencing Gray Mold Development in Annual Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 538c-538
Author(s):  
L.M. Butler Carver ◽  
G.E. Fernandez ◽  
F.J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Relationship Of

Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) plant phenology was evaluated at two sites in North Carolina in order to assess the relationship of plant growth and the development of gray mold fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea). Site 1 consisted of three cultivars: Camarosa (CA), Chandler (CH), and Sweet Charlie (SC) from a single nursery; site 2 consisted of cultivar CH obtained from three distinct sources. Weekly records were kept of leaf senescence, leaf emergence, flowering, and fruit set, as well as a monthly whole-plant analysis. Leaf senescence and emergence was uniform for all treatments, with >90% of transplant foliage senescing between November and December. Analysis of leaf area and plant weights reveal an increase in dry mass beginning in February and continuing through April. Although first bloom appeared in December, primary floral development occurred in late February for cultivar SC and in March for cultivars CA and CH, with blooms continuing through late May. Marketable yield was lower in cultivar SC throughout harvest, with the exception of early fruit development in March. Non-marketable yield varied, with increases in gray mold following periods of heavy rainfall. Statistical analysis of all data shows no consistent differences in plant growth or disease among treatments. Analysis of foliage revealed latent infections on transplants as the primary source of gray mold inoculum. Patterns of plant growth and corresponding disease development found in this study provide tools necessary for phenology-based control practices for the integrated management of gray mold.

scholarly journals Control of Postharvest Botrytis Fruit Rot with Preharvest Fungicide Applications in Annual Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Blacharski ◽  
J. A. Bartz ◽  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
D. E. Legard
Keyword(s):  
Storage Life ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate

The control of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot was evaluated during 1997-98 and 1998-99. Weekly applications of captan and thiram were examined at two or three different rates, respectively. Iprodione applications were combined with the captan and thiram treatments and also applied alone for two peak bloom periods. Strawberry fruit were harvested and graded twice weekly for marketable yield and preharvest incidence of Botrytis fruit rot. For postharvest evaluations, fruit from four harvests were selected and stored at 4°C, and Botrytis fruit rot incidence was recorded over 14 days of storage. Fungicide treatments reduced the incidence of preharvest Botrytis fruit rot and increased marketable yield. The incidence of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot was significantly affected by harvest date, length of time in storage, and fungicide treatment. The highest rate captan and thiram treatments had the least Botrytis fruit rot and the longest storage life. Reduced-rate captan and thiram treatments generally did not provide the same control as their respective high-rate treatments. Iprodione added to either the captan or thiram treatments did not consistently reduce the preharvest or postharvest incidence of Botrytis fruit rot or increase yield. Regular, full-rate fungicide treatments appear to be necessary to control Botrytis fruit rot in Florida and to provide the storage life necessary to reach distant markets.

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