TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO GROWTH AND NET ASSIMILATION RATE OF OATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Stoskopf ◽  
H. R. Klinck ◽  
H. A. Steppler
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Linear Decline

The effects of temperature variations in the microclimate on two oat varieties were investigated in relation to the growth of this crop as measured by total dry matter and net assimilation rate (N.A.R.). A significant correlation of + 0.691 was obtained between N.A.R. and the difference between day and night temperatures measured on the ground within the plot. Highest N.A.R. values were obtained in material from the fourth (May 29) of the six dates of seeding, when the lowest leaf area was found. Highest yields were not found at this date, as total yield was a function of rate and duration of photosynthesis. A linear decline in grain yield from early to late seeding occurred in 1961 while no differences were observed in 1960. A regression analysis of N.A.R. on the differences between the day and night temperatures revealed that both varieties had a similar response to temperature.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

scholarly journals Wplyw stopnia krzewienia się roślin na akumulacje biomasy organicznej u niektórych odmian zwyczajnej pszenicy ozimej [Influence of tillering degree on the accumulation of dry matter of some winter wheat varieties]

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Witold Drezner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
H Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The correlation between the net assimilation rate and the degree of plant tillering are investigated for several varieties of simple winter wheat. The net assimilation rate (E, NAR, An) of the studied varieties for different degrees of tillering, individual shoots and individual plants is described according to the units mg/cm<sup>2</sup> • 24 h. Index of efficiency of assimilation surface (F, LAR, I<sub>S</sub>) is determined in units cm<sup>2</sup>/mg. The tillering ability of vegetative shoots in plaints is a very important factor which increases the total assimilate stirfaice value and the assimilation effectivity of the plant's biomass.

The growth of maize

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryTotal dry-matter yield of maize silage rose asymptotically as density was increased up to 17 plants/m2. Over the range 11–17 plants/m2, which is generally higher than is used in the U.K., the increase in yield was 1–1·6 t dry matter/ha which can justify the higher seed cost and although there was no adverse affect on time of maturity the risk of lodging increased at the highest density. During the harvest period whilst whole crop dry-matter percentage was rising from 23 to 28%, the ear dry-matter content rose steadily from 29 to 35%, whereas the leaf and stem dry-matter content remained essentially constant and only dried out at a later stage after a frost.Caldera 535 had a higher leaf area index and net assimilation rate than the earlier variety Julia which it outyielded by 15%. The additional yield was mainly stem tissue and the greater vegetative production caused an 11-day delay in reaching the silage stage of maturity (25% crop D.M.). NO differences occurred between density treatments and varieties in the forage quality components considered, namely percentage drymatter digestibility, modified acid-detergent fibre, crude protein and ash. Thus in U.K. conditions, total dry-matter yield exerts an overriding influence on the yields per unit area of these quality constituents. This contrasts with reports from the U.S.A. in which a reduced grain/stover ratio adversely influences silage quality.Removal of the whole ear (including husk and rachis) at an early stage in ear development resulted in a 50% reduction in the final dry-matter yield. In the earless plants, leaf area and net assimilation rate was lower, but the dry-matter content of the leaves and stem was considerably higher, and a marked purple coloration developed indicative of excess starch concentration. These results emphasize the need in maize silage not only for an adequate leaf canopy, best obtained early in the growing season by using high planting density and subsequently by using late maturing varieties, but also for sufficient sink capacity in the ear as well as in the stem fraction.

Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for physiological efficiencyand high yield to suit early kharif situation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reshma ◽  
P. Latha ◽  
V. Umamahesh ◽  
R. P. Vasanthi ◽  
P. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Assimilation

Groundnut is grown during July to October in kharif season, however area under early kharif (sowing in May) is increasing in Andhra Pradsh, where ever irrigation facilities exists. Hence to identify suitable variety for the situation, fourteen pre release and two released groundnut genotypes were evaluated during early kharif 2013 for growth, physiological traits and yield attributes. At harvest genotypes TCGS-1375 (41.331 g plant-1), TCGS-1342(41.059 g plant-1) significantly recorded higher total dry matter compared to all other cultivars and checks followed by TCGS-1330 (36.667 g plant-1), TCGS-1349 (36.433 g plant-1). TCGS-1342 recorded significantly higher Crop Growth Rate (CGR) value of 33.848 g m-2 day-1, where as TCGS-1346 (0.1265 g dm-2 day-1) and TCGS-1330 (0.1262 g dm-2 day-1) recorded significantly higher Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) values at 45-60 DAS. Cultivar, TCGS-1330 recorded significantly higher pod yield 4210.44 Kg ha-1 compared to other entries and checks. The results revealed that pre release genotypes, TCGS-1342, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1330, TCGS-1346 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits viz. total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area index (LAI) and also recorded high pod yield.

scholarly journals Some Effects of Temperature on Carbohydrate Utilization and Plant Growth

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Burt
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Net Assimilation

Present evidence suggests that, in a wide variety of crop plants, growth and net assimilation rate may be determined by the ability of the plant to utilize or store the products of photosynthesis rather than by the capacity of the assimilatory surface to produce them (Humphries 1963; Humphries and Thorne 1964; Thorne and Evans 1964; Burt 1964). Humphries (1963) further suggests that temperature, by varying the ability of the plant to utilize the assimilate, may partly govern the photosynthetic rate of the plant.

scholarly journals Growth of canola hybrids resistant and sensitive to herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2911-2922
Author(s):  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Franciele Mariani ◽  
Gerarda Beatriz da Silva Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Plant growth analysis is useful for determining adequate management practices and exploring the maximum yield potential of cultivars or hybrids. Canola hybrids with resistance to herbicides have been studied and registered for Brazilian conditions, as they improve weed management in canola crops. This study evaluated the growth of canola hybrids resistant to triazine or imidazolinone herbicides compared to a sensitive hybrid. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a bifactorial scheme using three hybrids and six sampling times. The canola hybrids used were Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinones), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazines), and Hyola 61 (sensitive to both herbicides). Height, leaf area, and dry matter of roots, leaves, stems, and shoots of the plants were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The physiological indices absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate were calculated, and yield indices evaluated. Compared to Hyola 61, the Hyola 555TT hybrid showed lower values of leaf dry matter at 70 DAE, absolute growth rate up to 56 DAE, and net assimilation rate at 14 and 28 DAE, and a higher leaf area ratio at 56 DAE, whereas the hybrid Hyola 571CL presented lower leaf area and lower leaf dry matter at 70 DAE. At flowering, compared to Hyola 61, the hybrid Hyola 571CL presents lower leaf area, and the hybrids Hyola 555TT and Hyola 571CL have lower leaf dry matter accumulation. Differences in the growth of canola hybrids Hyola 555TT, Hyola 571CL and Hyola 61 do not cause differences in their grain yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Mechanically Transplanting Methods and Planting Densities on Yield and Quality of Nanjing 2728 under Rice-Crayfish Continuous Production System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Zhi Dou ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Halun Guo ◽  
Linrong Chen ◽  
Junliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Net Assimilation

Rice–crayfish continuous production system offers high economic and ecology benefits, which developed rapidly in China. To investigate the effects of different mechanical transplanting methods and planting densities on rice yield and quality, Nanjing 2728 was used to determine rice growth performance under mechanically transplanted carpet seedling (MTCS) with equal row spacing (30 cm) at five spacings and mechanically transplanted pot seedling (MTPS) with wide and narrow rows (23 + 33 cm) at five spacings. The results showed that MTPS presented significantly higher rice yields than MTCS as more spikelets per panicle. Rice yields of both mechanical transplanting methods first increased and then reduced with decreasing planting density, and its highest value was obtained at 77.9 × 104 seedlings ha−1. Compared with MTCS at the same stage, rice tiller dynamics of MTPS first increased and then decreased. Additionally, its dry matter accumulation per stem at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate were all significantly higher relative to MTCS. For each mechanical transplanting method, dry matter accumulation per panicle, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate from the sowing to jointing stages declined with decreasing planting density, while dry matter accumulation per stem and net assimilation rate from the heading to maturity stages increased. Compared with MTCS, MTPS significantly improved rice milling and appearance quality, decreasing density was also beneficial to rice milling and appearance quality, while grain content of amylose and protein were not sensitive to both transplanting method and planting density. Consequently, MTPS with 13.8 cm plant spacing is a suitable mechanical transplanting method for Nanjing 2728 to obtain better yield and quality under rice–crayfish continuous production system.

SEEDLING GROWTH OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
A. JOHNSTON ◽  
D. B. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult., cultivar Summit, and Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., cultivar Sawki, were grown in the greenhouse for 7 weeks. Each week 20 plants were destructively harvested for growth analysis. Leaf and tiller numbers and leaf lengths were recorded for an additional 10 plants of each species. Mean net assimilation rate of crested wheatgrass was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of Russian wild ryegrass, apparently indicating greater photosynthetic efficiency in the former. In 7 weeks, crested wheatgrass seedlings produced nearly twice as much total dry matter as Russian wild ryegrass seedlings.

scholarly journals Ethylene Inhibitors Increase Net Assimilation Rate and Cotton Boll Dry Matter Under Drought

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽  
Alexandre Cunha de Barcelos Ferreira ◽  
Ana Luiza Dias Coelho Borin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Net Assimilation
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