ON MEASURING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE IN SITU IN HIGHER PLANTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Fensom
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Simple but fundamental electrical calculations for resistance are reviewed with a view to their application in studies of plant tissue. The relationship of resistance to ion mobility, to temperature, to specific resistance, and to complex tissue is discussed. It would appear that the specific resistance of complex tissue is largely a measure of the resistances of the cell-wall interstices under ordinary conditions.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Electromechanical analysis of length-related resistance and contact resistance of conductive knitted fabrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 2062-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Feng Ding ◽  
Tao Hua ◽  
Wai Man Au ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Conductive fabrics usually exhibit two types of electrical resistance: the length-related resistance and contact resistance. The length-related resistance increases with the applied extensile force, whereas the contact resistance decreases with the contact force. The resistance of conductive knitted fabrics could be modeled by the superposition of the length-related resistance and contact resistance. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the resistance of conductive yarns: two overlapped conduct yarns and conductive knitting stitches under unidirectional extensile forces, respectively; and the corresponding empirical equations were developed. The relationship of the resistance, tensile force, fabric length and width were established. The fitting curves with high coefficient of determinations (>0.94) and low standard errors (<0.18) given by the modeling equations were achieved. Therefore, the proposed model could be used to compute the resistance of the conductive knitting fabrics under unidirectional extension.

Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Ramesh R. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wall Components

ABSTRACT This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.

Open innovation practices adopted by private stakeholders: perspectives for living labs

Info ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Lapointe ◽  
David Guimont
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of private stakeholders in the living lab (LL) ecosystem and the relationship of private stakeholders to open innovation (OI) practices. There is extensive literature on private stakeholders and OI, but seldom mention is made on the specific question of how private stakeholders integrate OI in the context of a LL. Design/methodology/approach – The authors will analyze qualitatively how private businesses that have participated in a in situ open innovation evaluate and perceived their open innovation practices. Therefore, how they relate to open innovation. Then, the authors will identify a typology of the businesses in relation to OI. Findings – The research focused on the relationship of private stakeholders to OI in the context of in situ OI activities. The results obtained are consistent with literature on OI (Chesbrough, 2003). However, there are differences: if the elements mentioned by the respondents are described in literature, their representation of OI and its components allows us to affirm that this practice is not generalised and that it is often open to interpretation. That emphasises the importance of the role LLs can play as intermediaries to accompany private stakeholders in the OI process. Private stakeholders look for a guide to develop their OI know-how and find their way in the OI ecosystem. Originality/value – The value of this paper is to bridge the research on OI done with private organisation and the research on LLs. The research literature did not pay much attention to the representation of the private stakeholders in the OI ecosystem. This paper has provided the start to open up that field.

scholarly journals Mixed-Valence Cytoplasmic Iron Granules Are Linked to Anaerobic Respiration

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glasauer ◽  
S. Langley ◽  
M. Boyanov ◽  
B. Lai ◽  
K. Kemner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Intracellular granules containing ferric and ferrous iron formed in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 during dissimilatory reduction of solid-phase ferric iron. It is the first in situ detection at high resolution (150 nm) of a mixed-valence metal particle residing within a prokaryotic cell. The relationship of the internal particles to Fe(III) reduction may indicate a respiratory role.

A SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF CELL WALLS OF CERTAIN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
K. L. Chung ◽  
Roma Z. Hawirko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

From three species of Lactobacillus and three species of Streptococcus, cultured in a synthetic medium, cell walls were isolated following sonic disintegration and purified by washing. Sera against each species were prepared by injecting three rabbits with cell walls, and three with intact cells. Reciprocal agglutination tests were carried out with unabsorbed and absorbed antisera. More kinds of antibodies were detected with cell-wall antisera than with intact-cell antisera. Many species in the two genera shared common antigens. S. faecalis was the exception. Certain antigens believed to be complex haptens in nature reacted with heterologous antisera. Haemagglutination of tanned erythrocytes sensitized with a particulate cell-wall suspension showed fewer cross reactions than agglutination of intact-cell suspensions.The evidence presented shows the possibility of using antisera against species-specific cell-wall antigens for the identification of these species. The relationship of these species is discussed.

Identification of a reticuloendothelial stimulating agent in zymosan

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Riggi ◽  
N. R. Di Luzio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Bound Lipids ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), as determined by the intravascular clearance of colloidal carbon, and the degree of induced RE hyperplasia were studied following the intravenous injection of various constituents of zymosan. The readily extractable lipid component from the yeast cell wall was inactive, as was the polysaccharide, mannan. Stimulatory activity was still present in the zymosan residue after removal of free and bound lipids. The administration of glucan derived either from yeast, or its cell wall, resulted in marked RE activation and induced hyperplasia, demonstrating it to be the active RE stimulating agent. The relationship of glucan's chemical structure to its ability to induce RE hyperfunction and hyperplasia is discussed.

scholarly journals The role of the ameiotic1 gene in the initiation of meiosis and in subsequent meiotic events in maize.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Golubovskaya ◽  
Z K Grebennikova ◽  
N A Avalkina ◽  
W F Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Spindle Fiber ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Understanding the initiation of meiosis and the relationship of this event with other key cytogenetic processes are major goals in studying the genetic control of meiosis in higher plants. Our genetic and structural analysis of two mutant alleles of the ameiotic1 gene (am1 and am1-praI) suggest that this locus plays an essential role in the initiation of meiosis in maize. The product of the ameiotic1 gene affects an earlier stage in the meiotic sequence than any other known gene in maize and is important for the irreversible commitment of cells to meiosis and for crucial events marking the passage from premeiotic interphase into prophase I including chromosome synapsis. It appears that the period of ameiotic1 gene function in meiosis at a minimum covers the interval from some point during premeiotic interphase until the early zygotene stage of meiosis. To study the interaction of genes in the progression of meiosis, several double meiotic mutants were constructed. In these double mutants (i) the ameiotic1 mutant allele was brought together with the meiotic mutation (afd1) responsible for the fixation of centromeres in meiosis; and with the mutant alleles of the three meiotic genes that control homologous chromosome segregation (dv1, ms43 and ms28), which impair microtubule organizing center organization, the orientation of the spindle fiber apparatus, and the depolymerization of spindle filaments after the first meiotic division, respectively; (ii) the afd1 mutation was combined with two mutations (dsy1 and as1) affecting homologous pairing; (iii) the ms43 mutation was combined with the as1, the ms28 and the dv1 mutations; and (iv) the ms28 mutation was combined with the dv1 mutation and the ms4 (polymitotic1) mutations. An analysis of gene interaction in the double mutants led us to conclude that the ameiotic1 gene is epistatic over the afd1, the dv1, the ms43 and the ms28 genes but the significance of this relationship requires further analysis. The afd gene appears to function from premeiotic interphase throughout the first meiotic division, but it is likely that its function begins after the start of the ameiotic1 gene expression. The afd1 gene is epistatic over the two synaptic mutations dsy1 and as1 and also over the dv1 mutation. The new ameiotic*-485 and leptotene arrest*-487 mutations isolated from an active Robertson's Mutator stocks take part in the control of the initiation of meiosis.

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