CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE AS AFFECTED BY SEASON IN NORTHERN ONTARIO

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
P. Dermine ◽  
H. A. Hamilton ◽  
J. E. Troelsen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Crude Fiber Content

Seasonal changes in the proximate constituents and in vitro digestibility of timothy and alfalfa were recorded at Kapuskasing during the 1963 growing season. A 20-week experiment extending from May 21 to October 8 was divided in four growing periods corresponding to various temperature regimes. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the percentage of crude fiber and that of crude protein and a significant positive correlation between protein content and in vitro digestibility. In the fall, digestibility and crude protein level showed the highest values while a corresponding significant drop was found in the crude fiber content. The percentage of crude protein and the digestibility of both dry and organic matter of alfalfa declined and the percentage of crude fiber increased with advance in maturity during all growth periods. The same trend was observed for timothy except in the fall, when digestibility and crude fiber showed no consistent fluctuations with advancing maturity. Changes in the crude fiber, fat, and ash and digestibility of timothy were smaller than in alfalfa, particularly in the second half of the season. Best yields of digestible dry matter in the first growth cycle were obtained by cutting on July 9, while best regrowth yields were reported in late summer–early fall.Temperature and precipitation in the week preceding each cut had no consistent influence on the chemical composition and digestibility.

scholarly journals Nutrient Quality and in Vitro Digestibility of Bio-Ammoniated Rice Straw Bales

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuk Tri Noviandi ◽  
Dibya Ratnopama ◽  
Ali Agus ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Randomized Design

This study was done to determine the effects of bale sizes of bio-ammoniated rice straw on its nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility. Rice straw were bio-ammoniated by adding 2 g urea and 1 g probiotic/kg DM. By following a completely randomized design, rice straw was baled in 3 different weights (15, 25, and 35 kg) with six replications for each treatment, and then stored for 3 weeks. In the end of the week 3, bales were opened, aired, and then sampled for proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber) and digestibility by in vitro gas production method. Using analysis of variance method, the proximate data showed that greater the bales size (15, 25, and 35 kg) increased crude protein (7.59, 7.86, and 9.95%, respectively; P<0.05) and decreased crude fiber contents (24.1, 22.1, and 18.8%, respectively; P<0.05). By increasing the size of bales also increased a, b, and c fractions (-0.79, 0.26, and 0.82 mL/100 mg DM; 20.2, 18.2, and 17.6 mL/100 mg DM; 0.012, 0.014, and 0.019 mL/h, respectively; P<0.05) as well as gas production (11.4, 11.5, and 13.8 mL/100 mg DM, respectively; P<0.05). It can be concluded that packing bio-ammoniated rice straw in 35 kg bale is the most effective way in increasing nutrient quality and digestibility of rice straw.

scholarly journals Effect of Inoculations of Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mixed Culture on Chemical Composition, Fiber, Digestibility and Theobromine Cocoa Pod Fermentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Askari Zakariah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of the study was to identify the effect of Trichoderma viride andSaccharomyces cerevisiae inoculant on chemical compositions, digestibility, and theobromineconcentration of fermented cocoa pod. This experiment consisted of four treatments,namely cocoa pods without fermentation as control (R0); fermentation of cocoa pods withinoculant T. viride (R1); fermentation of cocoa pods with inoculant S. cerevisiae (R2); andfermentation of cocoa pods with inoculant T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture (R3).Each treatment had 3 replicates, and then was fermented for 10 days. Variables observedwere the chemical compositions i.e dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein(CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), fiber fraction (Neutraldetergent fiber and acid detergent fiber), in vitro digestibility, and theobromine concentration.Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new multiplerange test (DMRT), if there were any significant difference. Results showed the inoculumaffected (P<0.05) the chemical composition, fiber fraction and in vitro digestibility. However,theobromine was not detected on cocoa pod without fermentation and fermentation.Compared to group R0, inoculation with T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture (P<0.05)resulted in higher DM concentration (92.78% vs 89.72% respectively), higher CP (7.43% vs5.63% respectively), higher NDF (79.41% vs 61.18% respectively), higher ADF (73.04%vs 47.94% respectively), but was not significantly different on DM and OM digestibility(21.22% vs 22.24%, and 22.67% vs 24.31% respectively) than cocoa pod without fermentation.It is concluded that inoculant T. viride and S. cerevisiae mixed culture increased CPconcentration, but had no effect on in vitro digestibility.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets. 

scholarly journals Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Oil Palm Fronds) yang Difermentasi Menggunakan Aspergillus niger dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbohidrat yang Berbeda

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Wajizah ◽  
Samadi Samadi ◽  
Yunasri Usman ◽  
Elmy Mariana
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Fronds

(The evaluation of  nutritive value and In Vitro digestibility of oil palm fronds through fermentation by using  Aspergillus niger  with  different soluble carbohydrate sources) ABSTRACT. Oil palm frond (OPF) is one of potential sources of alternative feed, but has limited use due to high crude fiber and low crude protein contents. Fermentation is one of the methods widely applied to improve nutritive value of animal feed. The purpose of this research is to increase nutritive value of fermented oil palm fronds by adding different soluble carbohydrate source into fermentation media. The results of the experiments indicated that fermented oil palm fronds by Aspergillus niger had a significant effect (P0,05)  on the content of crude protein, crude fiber, and ash. Generally, fermented oil palm fronds with different soluble carbohydrate was able to increase the content of crude protein of oil palm fronds, but not optimal yet in reducing the crude fiber content of fermented substrate. However, the addition of rice bran on the fermentation medium showed the best results, characterized by increasing crude protein and decreasing crude fiber contents as well as improved dry matter and organic matter digestibility, reflected in high concentration of VFA. 

scholarly journals ADDITION OF TOFU WASTE TO CONCENTRAT FEED ON RUMINANT ANIMAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Catur Suci Purwati ◽  
Desi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of tofu waste in concentrate feed on the nutritional value of ruminant animal feed. Concentrate feed used in this study uses concentrated feed for sheep. Tofu waste was obtained from the place of making tofu in Girimarto sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The research method used was concentrate feed for sheep given the addition of tofu waste. The study used 3 treatments namely T0 = Concentrate without the addition of tofu waste (control), T1 = Concentrate with 10% tofu waste addition, and T2 = Concentrate with 20% tofu waste addition. The results of the study were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the nutritional value of sheep feed. The study was designed with a completely randomized design. Observation parameters of nutritional value of feed include dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that dry matter content was 78.54 ± 0.23% and crude protein was 16.63 ± 0.46% with the addition of tofu waste until 20% showed a significant difference, whereas crude fiber was 20.37 ± 0.48 % showed no significant difference, while the dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility  showed no significant difference. The conclusion of this study was the addition of tofu waste in the concentrate had an effect on the dry matter and crude protein, but not significantly different on crude fiber. The addition of tofu waste to the concentrate did not affect the digestibility of dry matter or the digestibility of organic matter.Key words : Animal feed, concentrate,  in vitro digestibility, tofu waste

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some range plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 094-098
Author(s):  
Musa Tibin Musa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out to determine chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility of range plant species of the area. Samples were collected from range lands at full maturity stage, dried under shade and subjected to chemical analysis and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility for Vigna sunhum, Andropogan gayanus, Pennisetum Pedicelatum, Shoenfeldia gracilis and Stylothanis flavicans were determined. The data was analyzed via analysis of variance and differences among means were determined using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that the legumes (Vigna sunhum and Stylothanis flavicans) were significantly higher (P≤0.01) in their crude protein content and the percentage of crude protein respectively was 13.4% and 10.00% while the grasses were significant (P≤0.05) higher in Crude Fibre (CF), ash, Acid Detergent Fibers (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fibers (NDF). Crude fiber % values were 41.78, 43.37 and 46.07% for Pennisetum Pedicelatum, Andropogan gayanus and Shoenofeldia gracilis, respectively. The acid detergent values were 53.85, 47.74 and 53.39 for the three weeds. (P≤0.05), while the ratio of neutral detergent was significantly higher (P≤.05) in grasses than in the two legume species; 87.22, 82.35 and 88.99% for the three grasses respectively. Similarly higher in vitro dry matter and organic digestibility coefficients were obtained from legume species than grasses. The study concluded that, the studied grasses were higher in fiber content and lower in their protein content but, legumes grasses (Vigna sunhum, Pennisetum Pedicelatum and Stylothanis flavicans) had high nutritive value and in vitro digestibility which may provide ruminants with the needed protein and energy.

EFFECTS OF DATES OF SEEDING AND LEVELS OF N FERTILIZATION ON YIELDS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE KALE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was seeded on three dates and fertilized at different levels of N as NH4NO3 for 3 yr. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was obtained with the earliest date of seeding and with levels of N fertilization of 120 kg/ha. The yield of crude protein (CP) was relatively constant among years, for the different dates of seeding and for N fertilization above 120 kg/ha. Increasing N fertilization or delaying seeding increased the leaf:stem ratio, and consequently the CP content. The levels of NO3-N in stems, leaves and whole plants were at an acceptable level for safe feeding. The cellulose, crude fiber, Ca and P contents were not affected greatly either by the dates of seeding or by the levels of N fertilization. The in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected markedly by any treatment.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Jerami Padi MenggunakanTeknologi Amoniasi Fermentasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Muhamad Amin ◽  
Sofyan Damrah Hasan ◽  
Oscar Yanuarianto ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
I Wayan Karda
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

An experiment with aim to study the effect of probiotics combination level and length of fermentation on qualityimprovement of rice straw had been conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed of Animal HusbandryFaculty, Mataram University. The research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design in factorialarrangement 3 x 3 with 3 replications. The first factor was the level of probiotics (0, 2 and 4%), the second factorwas the period of fermentation (2, 4 and 6 weeks).The variables measured were crude protein, crude fiber, NDF,ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. Data wereanalyzed by analysis of variance and tested further by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result show thattreatments combination of the probiotics level and fermentation period did not affect (P>0.05) the chemicalcomposition and digestibility. The level of probiotics increased (P<0.05) the crude protein and in vitro dry matterdigestibility. Meanwhile, the lenght of fermentation increased the crude protein and in vitro digestibility of drymatter and organic matter, but decreased the crude fiber, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose of Amofer ricestraw.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Six Species of Fodder (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽  
Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽  
Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo Barcena-Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Low Levels

Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Acacia angustissima, Dalea spp., Desmodium spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Phaseolus vulgaris and Tephrosia vicioides (Fabaceae) fodder species. Design/Methodology/Approach: Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude lignin (CL), cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), cellular content (CC) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The design was completely random with three repetitions. The variables were correlated by pairs and the means of the species were compared with Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results: Dalea spp. had the highest crude protein (17.7%), followed by A. angustissima (15.9%) and L. leucocephala (14.1%). A. angustissima (73.2%), Dalea spp. (74.9%) and P. vulgaris (77.5%) showed the highest IVDMD. L. leucocephala, Tephrosia vicioides and Desmodium spp. showed the lowest values of CP (14.1, 11.8 and 12.3%, respectively) and IVDMD (70.4, 70.2 and 64.9%, respectively). Desmodium spp. showed high levels of NDF (59.2%), ADF (41.4%), CL (17.5%), Cel (29.7%) and Hcel (17.8%) (P?0.05). IVDMD showed positive correlation with CC and negative correlations with NDF, CL, and Hcel (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Desmodium spp. showed high content of CL and low values of CP and IVDMD, therefore supplements should be added when used in animal feed. Findings/Conclusions: Dalea spp. showed low levels of lignin and high levels of protein and digestibility, making it posible to use as feed for ruminants

Increase nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of forage legumes by adding molybdenum with foliar spray methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iin Susilawati ◽  
Nyimas Popi Indriani ◽  
Lizah Khairani ◽  
U. Hidayat Tanuwiria
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

Legumes as a source of protein is one of the most important nutrients for the ruminants. The experiment was carried out in the field of Forage Crop Laboratory of Padjadjaran University from october 2016 until January 2017, to study the effect of molybdenum fertilization on quality and in vitro digestibility on legumes. The design used was randomized block design with six treatment combinations consisting two levels of molybdenum (0 and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1) with foliar spray methods and three species of legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Centrosema pubescens) replicated four times. The results showed that the type of legume and molybdenum fertilizer had significant effect on crude protein content, ash content and in vitro digestibility but no significant effect on crude fiber content of forage legume.

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