RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS, A CAUSE OF COMMON ROOT ROT

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
High Level

Resistance in wheat to Cochliobolus sativus, the main cause of common root rot in cereals, was shown to be a heritable character. Crosses were made between Thatcher, McMurachy, Willet, 492 (P.I. 94562-1), and 182 (PI. 4309), all of which have shown some resistance to C. sativus but can become heavily infected. The crosses gave rise to both highly resistant and highly susceptible lines that were consistent in their root-rot reaction at four or five locations over 2 years. A simple, practical method was evolved to determine the root-rot reactions of lines and it was basic to their selection. It relies upon natural field infections and is oriented to obtain a high level of disease of the plants. The pedigree method of plant breeding was used to overcome the problem posed by the tendency for many plants to escape infection. Isolations of organisms from lesions gave assurance that the observed resistance was for C. sativus and not for Fusarium spp., which may also cause common root rot. A simplified disease rating was used to record data on the basis of two classes, essentially, resistant and susceptible.

The epidemiology of common root rot in Manitou wheat: disease progression during the growing season

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Disease Rating

Common root rot in Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus was followed during plant development in 1969, 1970, and 1971 at Matador, Saskatchewan. Plants were sampled at intervals, and three variables based mainly on the occurrence of lesions on subcrown internodes were studied: number of diseased plants per square meter; percentage of diseased plants; and disease rating which integrated percentage of diseased plants and disease severity on each plant. All variables increased with time, and the progression curves in all 3 years were hyperbolic, indicating that the increases were like those of a simple interest disease as described by Van der Plank. In two of the years, almost 100% of the plants were diseased considerably before the end of the season. The transformation proposed by Van der Plank for simple interest diseases, log10[1/(1 − x)], was applied to the percentages of diseased plants, and regressions were calculated. The slopes of these lines (infection rates) were as follows: 1969, 0.99% plants per day; 1970, 1.32%; and 1971, 1.96%. In 1969 the onset of disease was later than in 1970 and 1971, and there was correspondingly less disease at the end of the growing season.

Further sources of resistance to common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Wildermuth
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
High Level

One cultivar of einkhorn, one cultivar of emmer, three cultivars of durum and 43 cultivars of bread wheat were screened for resistance to common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus). The emmer cultivar, Yaroslav and the white-grained bread wheat cultivars, Festival and Mexico 120, showed a high level of resistance. This is the first record of resistance in white-grained cultivars and the advantage of using whitegrained rather than red-grained cultivars as sources of resistance in Australia is indicated. It is considered that the major source of resistance in Festival, Gamut and Spica has been derived from Pusa cultivars.

Multiple infections of subcrown internodes of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by common root rot fungi

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Sp

In the greenhouse, subcrown internodes of wheat plants were inoculated with Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur, Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc., F. acuminatum Ell. & Ev., or F. sulplureum Schlecht. and at various times subsequently with C. sativus; or the internodes were inoculated with C. sativus and subsequently with it or a Fusarium sp. Using isolation of the fungi as the criterion for infection, it was found that prepossession of the internode by C. sativus did not prevent later invasion by it or by the fusaria; however, C. sativus was a relatively unsuccessful challenger to F. culmorum and F. acuminatum. The results suggest that when C. sativus and one of these two Fusarium spp. appear together in isolations from common root rot diseased plants that the initial invader was C. sativus.

REACTION OF SPRING BARLEYS TO COMMON ROOT ROT AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD COMPONENTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. GREY ◽  
D. E. MATHRE
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Rating

The effects of common root rot (CRR), caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus, on yield components in 16 barley cultivars representative of three groups—two-row (Hannchen and Smyrna types), Coast, and Manchuria—were studied at Bozeman and Glasgow, Mont, in 1980. At Bozeman, autoclaved oat kernels colonized by Cochliobolus sativus added with seed, effected a mean disease rating (DR) among the cultivars of 42.8, compared to 30.3, when autoclaved uncolonized oat kernels were added. In spite of the mean increase in disease severity of the inoculated plots, there was no significant difference in yield between inoculated and noninoculated plots. Later developed yield components, i.e. kernels per spike and kernel weight, compensated for the initial reduction in fertile tillers caused by CRR. Therefore, in population of plants under disease pressure from CRR, compensating effects on yield components may allow for little or no overall yield reduction, particularly in cultivars that are not highly susceptible to CRR. The two-row, Hannchen-type cultivars were all intermediate in DR at both locations. The two-row, Smyrna-type cultivars were high in susceptibility at Glasgow but intermediate in reaction to CRR at Bozeman. The six-row, Manchuria-Coast groups of cultivars were more diverse in their reaction to CRR at both locations. It appears that genetic relationships have more influence on a cultivar’s disease rating to CRR than has grouping based upon physiological characteristics.Key words: Barley groups, Cochliobolus sativus, yield components

The effect of common root rot on components of grain yield in Manitou wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on components of grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were sorted into severe (SE), moderate (MO), slight (SL), and clean (CL) categories based mainly on the extent of lesions on the subcrown internodes. The number of tillers per plant, the number and weight of grains per head, the weight per head, and the 1000-kernel weight in each category were determined. Increasing values of all five components were consistently associated with decreasing disease severity. SE was mostly significantly different from the other three categories in all components except 1000-kernel weight; differences between SL and MO were usually non-significant. CL and SL were mostly significantly different for the number of tillers per plant and weight per head but non-significant for the weight and number of grains per head and 1000-kernel weight. Apparently, the major effect of common root rot was to reduce the number of tillers per plant and number of grains per head.

The transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum to wheat

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Robert L Conner ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Kernel Color

Common root rot, caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib) Drechs. ex Dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) on the Canadian prairies. Resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Liu and Wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with Agrotana, a resistant wheat – Th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. Evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from a wheat × Agrotana cross expressed more resistance than the susceptible T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' parent and other susceptible wheat check cultivars. Cytological examination revealed 41 to 44 chromosomes in the advanced lines. Genomic in situ hybridization, using total genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve (St genome) as a probe, demonstrated that the blue kernel plants had two pairs of spontaneously translocated J–Js and Js–J chromosomes derived from the J and Js genome of Th. ponticum. The presence of these translocated chromosomes was associated with increased resistance of wheat to common root rot. The lines with blue aleurone color always had a subcentromeric Js–J translocated chromosome. The subtelocentric J–Js translocated chromosome was not responsible for the blue kernel color. The genomic in situ hybridization analysis on meiosis revealed that the two spontaneous translocations were not reciprocal translocations.Key words: Cochliobolus sativus, genomic in situ hybridization, blue kernel color.

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