SEED PRODUCTION OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Buglass
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

The effect of nitrogen, phosphate, and spacing of grass rows on seed yields of crested wheatgrass was determined during the period 1954 to 1962. Rates, time of application, and methods of applying fertilizer, and row spacing of grass were included in the study.Fall application of nitrogenous fertilizers produced greater responses than early spring application. Moisture conditions were a limiting factor in obtaining seed increases from the use of fertilizer. Responses were greater with adequate moisture. In dry years, the response was very poor and a significant residual effect was obtained from nitrogen after dry years. Drilling the fertilizer into the sod was slightly superior to broadcasting. Fertilizer applied to the grass rows only, or to the grass rows and cultivated space, produced similar results. Grass seeded in wide-spaced rows produced higher yields of seed than close drilling. Close-drilled rows of grass responded more to nitrogen than did wide-spaced rows. Grass seeded in 6-in. rows, and fertilized, produced less seed than wider-spaced rows with the same fertilizer treatment. With average moisture conditions, maximum yields of seed were obtained with about 150 lb/acre of ammonium nitrate. With better moisture conditions, seed yields increased as higher rates of fertilizer were used. Phosphate had no significant effect on seed yield.High seed yields of crested wheatgrass can be maintained by the use of wide-row spacing and nitrogenous fertilizers.

scholarly journals Assessment of sulphur demand of crops under permanent fertilization experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Szulc ◽  
B. Rutkowska ◽  
T. Sosulski ◽  
E. Szara ◽  
W. Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Yellow Lupine

The aim of the study was to determine plant needs with regard to sulphur fertilization based on the assessments of sulphur in the soil profile carried out in the early spring. The study was founded on the continuous fertilization experiment established in 1985 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, which is located in Skierniewice. Soil samples were collected in the years 2009&ndash;2011 in the early spring (February/March) at low soil temperatures. The samples were taken at three soil depths: 0&ndash;30, 30&ndash;60, 60&ndash;90 cm. The content of sulfate sulphur was assessed in fresh soil samples after extraction in 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The plants cultivated during the study were spring barley and yellow lupine. The amount of sulphur in soil profile was too small and not sufficient to fulfill yellow lupine nutritional needs, thus could be a limiting factor for successful yield production. Regardless the fertilizer treatment, the amount of sulfate sulphur found in 0&ndash;60 cm soil layer fully covered nutritional needs of spring barley.

Broccoli yield and dry matter partitioning in response to application of sediment from post-harvest washing of mussels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Josée Owen ◽  
Monireh Hajiaghaei Kamrani ◽  
Andrew M. Hammermeister
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Application Rates

The response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Arcadia) yield to application rates of mussel sediment (MS) from post-harvest washing as source of nitrogen (N) was evaluated in a two-year (2011-2012) study in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada. Treatments in 2011 included a control (no amendment or fertilizer), three rates of MS (28,000, 42,000 and 56,000 L ha-1 equivalent to 14.7, 22.0 and 29.4 kg N ha-1) and an inorganic N fertilizer (135 kg N ha-1). In 2012, all plots were split, with just half of each plot receiving a repeat treatment application. Fertilizer and MS increased total fresh yields by 115% and 29%, respectively, compared with the control, with no significant differences between MS application rates. Total dry matter yield followed the same order as total fresh yield, but only at P<0.10 in either years. Marketable yield was not affected by treatments in 2011 or by their residual effect in 2012, while it was greater in fertilizer compared with other treatments after 2-yr repeated application. The greatest head compactness and the lowest yellow-eye were measured in fertilizer treatment in both years, while no differences among MS treatments and the control were observed. Effect of treatments on total dry biomass and its partitioning in the broccoli plant was significant (P<0.05) in both years. Yield and biomass data revealed that 42000 L MS ha-1 application rate plus supplemental N sources can be recommended under the soil and climate conditions of Canadian Maritimes. The concentration of salts in MS is an application rate limiting factor.

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals 395 Impact of pig mortality on U.S. pig producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Caleb M Shull
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Step

Abstract Swine producers in the U.S. face a significant challenge. On top of the ever-changing market dynamics that lead to wide swings in profitability or loss, is an underlying issue of pig mortality that the industry must address. While significant improvements in total piglets born per litter have been achieved over the last 10 years, pig mortality has seen no improvement or has worsened (Figure 1). When expressed as a percentage of piglets born (excluding mummies), a total of 7.9% were recorded as stillborn and 13.4% died prior to weaning in 2019. Assuming a typical mortality range of 7–10% from weaning to harvest, a typical U.S. producer could expect to lose around 27–30% of all piglets born. In addition, the average producer had around 12% annual sow mortality (Figure 1). Litter size and post-weaning growth rate and feed efficiency will always factor heavily into research priorities due to the economic impact associated with those traits; however, the opportunity to drive value through reduction in pig losses across the production cycle is staggering. In defense of the industry, improving pig survival is not an easy task for a number of reasons. The sample size (i.e., number of pigs) required to do mortality research correctly is often a limiting factor for many production systems. Furthermore, a cross-functional approach is likely required to make significant improvements in mortality. Specifically, the relationship between genetics, health, and management practices warrant consideration. Recent collaboration across the industry to improve mortality is a positive step forward and this collaboration should continue moving forward.

scholarly journals Pre-Weaned Calf Rearing on Northern Irish Dairy Farms: Part 1. A Description of Calf Management and Housing Design

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
Aaron J Brown ◽  
Gillian Scoley ◽  
Niamh O’Connell ◽  
Jamie Robertson ◽  
Amanda Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
And Performance

The first few months of life are of great importance to the longevity and lifetime performance of dairy cows. The nutrition, environment and healthcare management of heifer calves must be sufficient to minimise exposure to stress and disease and enable them to perform to their genetic potential. Lack of reporting of farm management practices in Northern Ireland (NI) makes it difficult to understand where issues impacting health, welfare and performance may occur in the rearing process. The objective of this study was to investigate housing design and management practices of calves on 66 dairy farms across NI over a 3-month period and also identify areas that may cause high risk of poor health and performance in dairy calves. An initial survey was used to detail housing and management practices, with two subsequent visits to each farm used to collect animal and housing-based measurements linked to hygiene management, animal health and performance. Large variations in key elements such as weaning criteria and method, calf grouping method used, nutritional feed plane, and routine hygiene management were identified. The specification of housing, in particular ventilation and stocking density, was highlighted as a potential limiting factor for calf health and performance. Lack of measurement of nutritional inputs, hygiene management practices and calf performance was observed. This poses a risk to farmers’ ability to ensure the effectiveness of key management strategies and recognise poor calf performance and health.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Application Strategies for Propiconazole as a New Postharvest Fungicide for Managing Sour Rot and Green Mold of Citrus Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. McKay ◽  
H. Förster ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Few postharvest treatments are available for managing sour rot of citrus caused by Galactomyces citri-aurantii and they are generally not very effective. The demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) triazole fungicides propiconazole and cyproconazole were found to be highly effective and more efficacious than other DMIs evaluated, such as metconazole and tebuconazole, in reducing postharvest sour rot of citrus. Additional studies were conducted with propiconazole as a postharvest treatment because it has favorable toxicological characteristics for food crop registration in the United States and the registrant supports a worldwide registration. Regression and covariance analyses were performed to determine optimal time of application after inoculation and fungicide rate. In laboratory studies, decay incidence increased when propiconazole applications were delayed from 8 to 24 h (lemon) or 18 to 42 h (grapefruit) after inoculation. Effective rates of the fungicide were 64 to 512 μg/ml and were dependent on inoculum concentration of the sour rot pathogen and on the type of citrus fruit. Propiconazole was found to be compatible with sodium hypochlorite at 100 μg/ml and 1 to 3% sodium bicarbonate without loss of efficacy for decay control on lemon. The addition of hydrogen peroxide/peroxyacetic acid at 80 μg/ml slightly decreased the effectiveness of propiconazole. Heated (48°C) solutions of propiconazole did not significantly improve the efficacy compared with solutions at 22°C. In experimental packing-line studies, aqueous in-line drenches applied alone or followed by applications of the fungicide in storage or packing fruit coatings were highly effective, reducing sour rot to between 0 and 1.2% compared with 83.8% decay incidence in the control when treatments were made up to 16 h after inoculation. When the fungicide was applied in either fruit coating, decay was only reduced to 49.1 to 57.1% incidence. Tank mixtures of propiconazole with the citrus postharvest fungicides fludioxonil and azoxystrobin were highly effective in reducing green mold caused by isolates of Penicillium digitatum sensitive or moderately resistant to imazalil and sour rot. Propiconazole will be an important postharvest fungicide for managing sour rot of citrus and potentially can be integrated into current management practices to reduce postharvest crop losses caused by DMI-sensitive isolates of P. digitatum.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

Extending the Timeframe for Rapid Response and Best Management Practices of Flood-Dispersed Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Colleran ◽  
Katherine E. Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Green River ◽  
Fallopia Japonica ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Successful Removal

The objective of this article is to extend the reported period in which flood-distributed knotweed propagules may be successfully managed using only manual labor. During a second round of early detection and rapid response (EDRR) management along the Green River in Guilford, VT, we collected and measured all Japanese knotweed propagules that had been distributed by flooding approximately 21 mo earlier, in August 2011, at a single site. Our data suggest that knotweed s.l. prioritizes the growth of new stems over new rhizomes at the start of a growing season. Because the limiting factor for successful removal of new knotweed s.l. plants by hand is the size of the rhizome system, our findings support extending the time frame for EDRR management of flood-distributed knotweed s.l. into the second spring after its initial dispersal. Additionally, in November 2013, surveys of our work sites found no new knotweed s.l. plants in locations accessible to work crews. In addition to validating our EDRR management techniques, this implies that knotweed s.l. fragment viability does not extend past the second spring following its dispersal.

scholarly journals Продуктивність коріандру залежно від строків сівби, норми висіву та ширини міжрядь у північному Степу України

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Г. М. Козелець
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate

Наведено результати досліджень впливу норми висіву і ширини міжрядь на продуктивність коріандру за підзимового та ранньовесняного строків сівби.Встановлено, що кращим строком сівби для коріандру є підзимовий, за якого врожайність плодів становила 1,21 т/га, що більше порівняно із ранньовесняним на 0,30 т/га, або 24,7 %. Для коріандру в умовах північного Степу оптимальною є норма висіву 2,0–2,5 млн сх. нас. на 1 га, яка забезпечила урожайність 1,14–1,15 т/га. Сівба з шириною міжрядь 0,45 м сприяла отриманню врожайності 1,09 т/га, що більше ніж при 0,15 м на 0,06 т/га, або 8,0 %. Вищий рівень врожаю (1,39 т/га) отримано за підзимового строку сівби з шириною міжрядь 0,45 м та нормою висіву 2,0 млн сх. нас. на 1 га. The results of investigations of the effect of seed rate and row spacing on the productivity of coriander on the podzim and early spring yields are given.It was established that the best seeding period for coriander is the podzimovy, in which the fruit yield was 1.21 t / ha, which is more compared to the early spring by 0.30 t / ha, or 24.7%. For a coriander in the conditions of the northern steppe, the seeding rate of 2.0-2.5 million cu is optimal. us. per 1 hectare, which yields 1.14-1.15 t / ha. A seam with a width of 0.45 m row spacings contributed to yielding 1.09 t / ha, which is more than 0.15 m at 0.06 t / ha, or 8.0%. The highest level of harvest (1.39 t / ha) was obtained for the podium seeding period with a width of rows of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 2.0 million growing seeds per 1 hectare.

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