MAGNETISM AND PLANT GROWTH: I. EFFECT ON GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF CEREAL SEEDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Lines Of Force

Seeds of Chinook wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Compana barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Victory oats (Avena sativa L.), common fall rye (Secale cereale L.), and Redwood flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germinated faster and grew more in 48 hours when they were oriented longitudinally parallel to the lines of force in a magnetic field than when orientated horizontally at right angles to those lines of force. Growth responses of approximately the same nature and magnitude were obtained when the orientation treatment during germination was relative to the direction of the lines of force of either the geomagnetic or an introduced magnetic field.

EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–70 plants m−2) of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Neepawa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bonanza) on the growth and seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Dufferin). Rectangular hyperbolic models were fitted to data using nonlinear regression analysis. Results indicated that both volunteer cereals severely reduced flax biomass and yield, with volunteer barley interference causing greater losses than volunteer wheat at equivalent densities. From the regression equations it was calculated that an intermediate density of 30 volunteer wheat plants m−2 reduced the yield of flax by 49% in 1982 and 53% in 1983, whereas an equivalent density of volunteer barley plants reduced flax yields by 56% in 1982 and 67% in 1983.Key words: Competition, flax, volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, rectangular hyperbola, yield loss

scholarly journals The cereal grains: focus on vitamin E

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zielinski ◽  
E. Ciska ◽  
H. Kozlowska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) were analysed using HPLC and vitamin E content was calculated in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Almari, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Gregor, rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. Dańkowskie Złote, oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. Sławko and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cv. Kora were used in this study. The highest level of tocopherols was found in dehulled buckwheat and in its fraction of the endosperm with the embryo, where γ-T was found to be the main tocopherol (94.1% and 93.7% of total, respectively). α-T and β-T were the main isomers found in wheat, barley, rye and oat. β-T3 was the main tocotrienol found in wheat and oat, whereas α-T3 predominated in barley and rye. Small quantities of γ-T3 were only found in barley. No tocotrienols were found in buckwheat grains and their morphological fractions. The content of tocopherols and tocotrienols in the fractions of endosperm with embryo was 10–30% lower than in whole grain. The fraction originating from rye was the richest one in total tocols, followed by wheat and barley. Similarly, among the analysed fractions of pericarp and testa the richest fraction was that from rye, followed by wheat and barley. Extrusion cooking caused a significant decrease in tocopherols and tocotrienols, expressed in terms of biological activity of vitamin E, from 63 to 94%, depending on the cultivar examined. α-Tocopherol and α-tocotrienol were least resistant to hydrothermal processing. The remaining tocols were more stable, though the degree of their degradation reached up to 50%.

scholarly journals Phytohormonal activity of lactone-structure brassinosteroids under chemical stress in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
K. R. Kem ◽  
N. A. Laman ◽  
N. A. Kopylova ◽  
V. A. Khripach
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The dependence of the action of lactone-structure brassinosteroids in composition with a growth-inhibiting dose of glyphosate on the root system and the aerial part of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings was determined. The species specificity of growth responses to seed incrustation by such mixtures was identified. The concentration ranges of brassinosteroids, in which their interaction with the herbicide is most pronounced, were detected. In this case, there is an increase (on spring barley seedlings) or weakening (on fiber flax seedlings) of the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on the root system.

EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON ◽  
A. WENHARDT ◽  
W. J. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Second Year

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.

MAGNETISM AND PLANT GROWTH: II. EFFECT ON ROOT GROWTH OF CEREALS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Most roots of Kharkov 22 M.C., Vakka, Jones Fife, Norin 62, Werla, and Capelle winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and of Chinook spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) orientated themselves in a plane approximately parallel to the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field when grown in stationary pots at Lethbridge, Alta. Similarly, the roots of Kharkov 22 M.C. grown at St. John’s, Nfld., orientated themselves in approximately this same plane. In contrast, the roots of common fall rye (Secale cereale L.) were omni-directional.The roots of winter and spring wheats, oats (Avena sativa L.), and fall rye grown in a magneto-klinostat at Lethbridge orientated themselves in a plane approximately parallel to the lines of force of an introduced magnetic field that intersected the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field at right angles.A critical level of magnetic intensity may be necessary before the tropism occurs. This level probably differs between species and varieties.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

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