EXPERIMENTS WITH SOME NATIVE AND INTRODUCED PLANTS AS FOODS FOR CAMNULA PELLUCIDA (SCUDD.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN WESTERN CANADA

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Elymus Canadensis

In field cage experiments, 17 native and introduced grasses and a native sedge, grown in pure culture, differed in their effect on the growth, survival and rate of population increase of the clear-winged grasshopper, Camnula pellucida. In terms of eggs deposited, Festuca rubra permitted a 24-lold population increase in a 1-year test; in tests repeated in 2 consecutive years, Agropyron elongatum, A. cristatum, Elymus junceus, Poa pratensis and P. compressa produced average annual increases of 10- to 18-fold; A. intermedium, A. dasystachyum, A. trachycaulum var. typicum, A. riparium, Poa ampla, and Bromus inermis, 3- to 8-fold. Agropyron smithii, Elymus canadensis, Stipa spartea, S. viridula, Bouteloua gracilis and Carex stenophylla var. enervis (1 year’s results), 2-fold or less. Percentage survival to the adult stage, rate of development, and apparently, robustness, were all positively correlated with population increase, but not strongly.

Wheat Crops and Native Prairie in Relation to the Nutritional Ecology of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Saskatchewan

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Mixed Prairie

AbstractField cage experiments conducted through the complete life cycle of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) demonstrated that wheat, the major cereal crop grown in Saskatchewan, played the dominant role in the nutritional ecology of this grasshopper. A native sod mixture, comprising Stipa comata, Bouteloua gracilis, Agropyron smithii, and Carex eleocharis, four of the dominant species of the mixed prairie association, was consistently unfavourable during all stages of grasshopper growth and development. Grasshoppers reared on wheat survived better, were considerably larger and laid up to 20 times more eggs than those reared on the native prairie grasses. The presence of the native sod with wheat contributed nothing nutritionally to the food combination. The unfavourable qualities of the native grasses, although resulting in small adults, low fecundity and small pods, did not affect the hatchability of eggs laid or the development and survival of nymphs that hatched from them.

Response of a Red Fescue-Kentucky Bluegrass Turf to Three Consecutive Annual Applications of Amidochlor, Mefluidide, and Ethephon

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A red fescue (Festuca rubraL.)- Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) turf was treated annually with amidochlor {N-[(acetylamino)methyl]-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide} at 2.2, 2.8, and 3.4 kg ai/ha, mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} at 0.4 kg ai/ha, and ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] at 5.6 kg ai/ha for three consecutive years. Recuperative potential of treated turfgrass was determined in the field and in a greenhouse study. Amidochlor and mefluidide treatments injured turfgrass (11 to 64%) four weeks after application. However, turfgrass recovered after eight weeks. Amidochlor at 2.8 to 3.4 kg/ha and mefluidide at 0.4 kg/ha suppressed (75 to 100%) seedhead development. Ethephon at 5.6 kg/ha was ineffective. Turfgrass recovered normally each spring after amidochlor treatments, with no delay in spring green-up. Root length, root weight, and root:shoot weight ratio of the plugs from the greenhouse study were unaffected by three consecutive annual applications of amidochlor, mefluidide, and ethephon. One annual spring application of amidochlor, mefluidide, and ethephon for three consecutive years caused no adverse effects that would limit their use on red fescue-Kentucky bluegrass turf.

Differential Response of Ditchbank Grasses to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-423
Author(s):  
J. M. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Red Fescue

Herbicides were evaluated for selectivity between three tall coarse grasses and three short fine grasses. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceaL.), quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.], and smooth brome (Bromus inermisLeyss) were consistently more susceptible to amitrole-NH4CN (3-amino-s-triazole-ammonium thiocyanate) than three desirable short grasses, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubraL.), and redtop (Agrostis albaL.). Reed canarygrass and redtop were more susceptible to dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) than creeping red fescue. Amitrole-NH4CN and dalapon combinations were more toxic to reed canarygrass, smooth brome, and redtop than creeping red fescue. Pyriclor (2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol) was quite toxic to all grasses with Kentucky bluegrass showing the most tolerance. When TCA (trichloroacetic acid) was combined with amitrole-NH4CN results were similar to the dalapon combination but overall toxicity was reduced.

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

Sethoxydim-Uptake by Leaf Slices of Sethoxydim Resistant and Sensitive Grasses

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Struve ◽  
B. Golle ◽  
U. Lüttge
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Ovina ◽  
Lipid Diffusion

Leaf slices of the sethoxydim sensitive grasses Poa pratensis and Festuca ovina and the sethoxy- dim resistant grasses Poa annua and Festuca rubra take up the herbicide at similar rates. Uptake is almost linear with concentration up to 2 mᴍ, independent of light and little affected by tempera­ture between 0 and 25 °C. Uptake is highly pH sensitive. At pH 7.0 rates of uptake are only about 20% of the rates observed at pH 3.5. Time course of uptake suggests a rapid equilibration of the compartments taking up the herbicide within 2 h. It is suggested that sethoxydim uptake by the grass-leaf tissue is a nonspecific process involving passive lipid diffusion and lipid equilibration of the non-dissociated weak acid sethoxydim (pKa = 4.6).

HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND GRASSHOPPER COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ON MIXED-GRASS RANGELAND

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Quinn ◽  
R.L. Kepner ◽  
D.D. Walgenbach ◽  
R.A. Bohls ◽  
P.D. Pooler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
The Difference

AbstractA study was conducted in Butte County of western South Dakota to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal changes in community structure of grasshoppers on mixed-grass rangeland. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of 29 undisturbed grasshopper communities and correlation analysis of DCA axis values and habitat variables denned specific spatial gradients underlying the community structure of grasshoppers. Results indicated that grasshopper communities changed along a primary gradient of percentage of coverage of grasses, particularly Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., and a secondary gradient of percentage composition of clay and sand in the soil.DCA of 24 grasshopper communities sampled in 1986 and 1987, multiple regression analysis, and factor analysis were used to determine the relationships between specific habitat characteristics and changes in communities of grasshoppers treated with either a nonselective insecticidal spray (malathion) or a selective insecticidal bait (bran bait with carbaryl). Results indicated that between-year change in community composition, or the difference between post-treatment communities in 1986 and 1987, was positively correlated with percentage of coverage of total grasses and forbs. Community malleability, defined as the tendency of a community to return to its predisturbed state, was greater in habitats with high coverages of Agropyron smithii Rydb. and Carex spp., low coverage of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud., and low species richness of grasses. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat characteristics in structuring undisturbed grasshopper communities and in community change after perturbation with insecticides.

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