THE EFFECT OF LIME ON THE STATUS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN A FEW VEGETABLES GROWN ON ACID PEAT SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
J. J. Jasmin ◽  
H. B. Heeney
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A 2-year study on acid dome bogs has shown that 9 tons of agricultural limestone was preferable to 3 tons for onions and carrots. Yields of potatoes were not increased with lime applications above 3 tons per acre under the conditions of this test.Increments in lime application increased soil pH and available phosphorus and decreased the exchangeable potassium.Increments in lime application reduced the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in the plant tissue at time of sampling and increased calcium. Magnesium was not affected.Unless adequate lime is applied, high quantities of fertilizer may be detrimental to plant growth.

Physicochemical Property and Nutrient Status of Soils in Urban Green Spaces in Xuzhou, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3102-3108
Author(s):  
Ying Ming Mao ◽  
Gui Ru Xu ◽  
Xiao Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil physicochemical properties and the nutrient status of urban green spaces (UGS) in Xuzhou were analyzed. The results show that the soil pH is neutral to alkaline. Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) content was low but variable, which is mainly attributed to the disturbance of anthropogenic activity. The distributions of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively uniform but those of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium are highly dispersed. In addition, available phosphorus shows the most significant variation. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than in the natural cinnamon soils, and their deficiencies will occur if no effective measures are taken in the near future.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutritional Studies and Status of Healthy and Declined Mandarin Orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Mayur Gawande ◽  
Vishal Maval
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present investigation was carried out to determine soil and leaf nutritional status of some typical healthy and declined mandarin orchards of Amravati District (M.S) during 2016-19.Total twenty five representative surface and depth wise soil and leaf samples from healthy and declined mandarin orchards were collected and analyzed various nutrients in plant as well as leaf samples. The data analysis showed that total nitrogen content in healthy and declined mandarin orchards from surface soils varied from 0.045 to 0.093 % and 0.015 to 0.37% respectively. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy orchards surface soils varied from 200.0 to 265.7 kg ha-1 , 22.0 to 35.3 kg ha-1 , 320.0 to 665.0 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 130.4 to 203.5 kg ha-1 , 17.8 to 21.3 kg ha-1 , 360.0 to 744.4 kg ha-1 respectively. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium together constitute more than 80% of exchange complex. The exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 26.34 to 30.22 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 11.71 to 16.92 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.27 to 0.90 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 29.00 to 31.98 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 12.07 to 13.71 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.36 to 0.69 kg ha-1 respectively. Micronutrients status of orange orchards showed that available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 2.20 to 5.60 ppm, 0.50 to 0.79 ppm, 4.50 to 6.29 ppm, 12.61 to 18.11 ppm and in declined orchards it varied from 1.90 to 2.48 ppm, 0.35 to 0.46 ppm, 3.40 to 5.00 ppm, 8.10 to 12.24 ppm respectively. Findings revealed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and manganese content found more supporting in healthy orchards than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and copper showed decreasing trend with the soil depth. The leaf nutrient content in the plant showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf of healthy orchards varied from 2.35 to 2.55%, 0.14 to 0.17%, 0.82 to 1.00% and in declined orchards it varied from 1.75 to 2.00%, 0.10 to 0.13%, and 0.84 to 1.70% respectively. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards varied from 3.00 to 3.90%, 0.60 to 0.74%, 0.21 to 0.19% and in declined orchards it ranged from 2.40 to 3.15%, 0.33 to 0.74%, and 0.19 to 0.23% respectively. Results pertaining to micronutrient showed that iron; manganese, copper and zinc in healthy orchards varied from 105.6 to 140.6 ppm, 21.72 to 34.62 ppm, 29.40 to 35.96 ppm, 30.45 to 39.18 ppm, and in declined orchards it varied from 70.66 to 100.00 ppm, 20.38 to 27.67 ppm, 21.72 to 26.05 ppm, and 17.24 to 25.00 ppm respectively. Results showed that a healthy orchard has significantly higher content of nutrient than declined orchards except potassium content

scholarly journals The relation of the concentration of macronutrients in the substrate and in the foliage to cell wall thickness and cellulose concentration in the xylem of slash pine (Pinus elliotti)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (0) ◽  
pp. 295-333
Author(s):  
E. Malavolta ◽  
J.R. Sarruge ◽  
H.P. Haag ◽  
R. Vencovsky ◽  
C.F.O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cellulose Concentration

Sand culture experiments, using a sub-irrigation technique, were installed in order to find out the effects of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on growth, aspect, mineral composition, length of fibers, thickness of cell wall and cellulose concentration in slash pine. The aim was to obtain, under controlled conditions, basic information which could eventually lead to practical means designed to increase the rate of growth and to make of slash pine a richer source of cellulose. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Nitrogen was supplied initially at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; phosphorus was given at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 ppm; potassium was supplied at the rates of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; six months after the experiment was started the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Others macro and all micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates. Fifteen hours of illumination per day were provided. The experimental technique for growing the slash pine seedlings proved quite satisfactory. Symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed, described and recorded in photographs and water colors. These informations will help to identify abnormalities which may appear under field conditions. Chemical analysis of the several plant parts, on the other hand, give a valuable means to assess the nutritional status of slash pine, thus confirming when needed, the visual diagnosis. The correctness of manurial pratices, on the other hand, can be judged with the help of the analytical data tabulated. Under the experimental conditions nitrogen caused the highest increases on growth, as measured by increments in height and dry weights, whereas the effects of phosphorus and potassium were less marked. Cellulose concentration was not significantly affected by the treatments used. Higher levels of N seemed to decrease both length of fiber elements and the thickness of cell wall. The effects of P and K were not well defined. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Calcium was supplied initially at the levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm; magnesium and sulfur were given at the rates of 6, 12.5 and 25 ppm. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates, common to all treatments. Three months after starting the experiment the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Symptoms of deficiency of calcium, magnesium and sulfur were observed, described and recorded as in the case of the previous experiment. Chemical analysis were made, both for mineral content and cellulose concentration. Length of fibers and thickness of cell wall were measured. Both calcium and magnesium increase height, sulfur failing to give significant response. Dry weight was beneficially affected by calcium and sulfur. The levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the needles associated with deficiency and maximum growth are comparable with those found in the literature. Cellulose concentration increased when the level of sulfur in the substrate was raised. The thickness of cell wall was negatively affected by the treatments; no effect was observed with regards to length of fibers.

scholarly journals Main soil nutrients dynamics in sod-dressing intercropped orchard

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. G. Gurin ◽  
S. V. Rezvyakova ◽  
N. Yu. Revin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study aimed to estimate seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the influence of sod grasses in a sod-dressing intercropped orchard. The trial was conducted in a Welsey apple 1987-year orchard. Trees were planted at 8×6 m, cultivar seedlings used as rootstock. Red clover and meadow timothy in variant shares were used for interrow sodding. The cereal—legume intercropping was done in 2015, preceded by a 180 kg/ha active substance phosphorus-potassium dressing in reserve. Nitrogen was applied annually prior to growing season at 34.4 kg/ha active substance. Grass biomass in first hay cutting was the highest and comprised 45.3-49.9 % total mass. A total four cuttings dry mass was 3.36-7.10 t/ha depending on scheme. The maximum biomass was registered for the schemes with red clover and meadow timothy at ratios 1:1 and 7:3 (6.52 and 7.10 t/ha). In the growing period, grass depleted soil for 111.1—219.9 kg/ha nitrogen, 21.5-42.7 kg/ha phosphorus and 209.3—380.8 kg/ha potassium. Such consumptions suggest a serious competition for soil nutrients between grass vegetation and fruit trees. The available phosphorus and potassium content was independent of interrow dressing schemes. Inter-scheme differences did not exceed experimental bias due to presowing phosphorus and potassium application in reserve before trial. By first cutting, the nitrate nitrogen soil content in sodding schemes was 1.5-2-fold less vs. bare fallow, i.e. more nitrogen is used by vegetating grass, and its available forms recover slower than being consumed.

Seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of the foliage of pecan (Carya illinoensis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
RJ Wickson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks throughout the 1980-81 and 1981-82 growing seasons from a commercial pecan orchard in New South Wales. Leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were highest at leaf emergence and decreased with time. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and boron were lowest early in the season and increased with time. There was no true seasonal pattern in leaf zinc which varied in apparent response to foliar zinc spray use. These trends were similar for the cultivars Witchita and Western Schley. Minimum seasonal variation in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the main fertiliser nutrients, occurred between 1 February and 21 March. This period is therefore the most suitable for general diagnostic purposes such as the evaluation of fertiliser programs and surveys of crop nutrient status.

scholarly journals Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10668
Author(s):  
Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw ◽  
Abebe Beyene ◽  
Amsalu Nebiyu ◽  
Krzysztof Pikoń ◽  
Marcin Landrat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Organic Matter Loss

Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w/w): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% (w/w) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer.

EFFECTS OF NITRATE SUPPLY ON PLANT GROWTH, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ACCUMULATION, AND NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN CRAMBE

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego de Mello Conde de Brito ◽  
Carlos Diego dos Santos ◽  
Fabíola Vieira Gonçalves ◽  
Rosane Nora Castro ◽  
Sonia Regina de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effect of field drying on the concentrations of some major elements in herbage

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
Nthoana Mzamane
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

SUMMARYHerbage from a grass-white clover sward was dried in the field to the hay stage (≤ 0·33 g moisture/g dry matter) at three times of year in 2 years comparing, in each case, all combinations of two stages of maturity, two levels of applied nitrogen and two thicknesses of swath. Samples taken at intervals during drying were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium.When there was little or no rain during drying, there was no change in the concentration of any of the six elements in the herbage dry matter between cutting and the hay stage, whatever the stage of maturity, level of N applied or swath thickness.The concentrations of potassium and sodium in the crop were greatly reduced by rain in the later stages of drying, but were less affected by rain in the early and middle stages; the concentrations of calcium and magnesium appeared to be reduced by rain as readily in the middle as in the later stages; the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were relatively little affected by rain, but seemed likely to be more at risk in the later stages. The extent of the reductions in the concentration of elements was not markedly affected by the stage of maturity or level of N applied. There were reductions in the thin but not in the thick swaths when rain fell during the early and middle stages of drying, probably partly or wholly because the herbage in the thin swaths was drier, with a higher proportion of dead cells, at that time than the herbage in the thick swaths. At least 70 kg K/ha was leached out of the crop in the thick swaths by rain in the late stages of drying.

scholarly journals Distribution of extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in various depths of some virgin peat soils

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Jaakko Kivekäs
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Surface Vegetation

It has been attempted in the present paper to study the distribution of plant available calcium, magnesium, and potassium in various depths of 25 virgin peat lands. The amounts of these cations extractable by 1 N ammonium chloride are supposed to give a rough estimation on the available content of the nutrients. Also the quantities of extracted sodium are reported. It has been found that the percentic content of these cations in the surface vegetation are higher than in the peat. Particularly marked is the accumulation of potassium in living plants and, although in a less degree, in the surface layers of peat. The variation in the distribution of the extractable amounts of the cations in various depths of the peat lands is considerable. A significant correlation exists between the depth and the magnesium content, and a negative correlation between the depth and the amount of extractable potassium. So far as the amount of cations extracted by 1 N ammonium chloride represents nutrients available for plants, calcium and magnesium are not generally minimum factors in peat soils, whereas in most soils the sources of potassium probably will be depleted by the first crops.

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