EFFECTS OF INOCULATING WHEAT SEEDLINGS WITH HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND SPREAD OF THE FUNGUS TO AN EXTERNAL SUBSTRATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

Studies were conducted with wheat seedlings inoculated with Helminthosporium sativum and observations were made on the spread of this fungus from lesions or other sources into an external substrate. Infections caused severe injury as measured by leaf chlorosis. Injury was reduced when the seedlings were supplied with potassium nitrate solution in place of water. There was greater injury and more extensive colonization of the fungus when the nutrient solution was enriched by adding sucrose. The fungus was observed to spread readily from lesions and other sources into the adjacent environment. Soil masses around a root lesion did not inhibit the spread. The results of these studies are discussed in relation to root diseases under field conditions.

Adsorption of nitrate, chloride and sulfate by some highly weathered soils from south-wast Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sulfate Adsorption ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils ◽  
Soil Groups

Soil was collected from a number of sites and depths to 300 cm within four great soil groups (krasnozem, red earth, xanthozem, podzolic). Nitrate, chloride and sulfate adsorption were determined at the soil pH. Various soil properties likely to influence the magnitude of adsorption were determined, and their relative importance to adsorption was assessed using stepwise multiple regression. The subsoils of all four soil groups adsorbed nitrate ranging up to 0.47 mmoles/100 g from 0.005 M potassium nitrate solution. The mean adsorption for soil groups decreased in the order krasnozem, xanthozem, red earth and podzolic. Chloride and sulfate adsorption was largely equivalent to that of nitrate. The variations in adsorption between and within great soil groups could be attributed to changes in organic matter, smectite minerals, hydroxy aluminium, surface area and pH.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Treatments and Planting Depth on Emergence of Sea Buckthorn Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S.C. Li ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

The influence of seed treatments and planting depth on the percentage of seed emergence of Hippophae rhamnoides L. `Indian-Summer', H. tibetana Schlecht., H. neurocarpa Liu & He, H. salicifolia D. Don, and H. rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides, sinensis, turkestanica, and mongolica were studied. Surface seeding had higher percentages of seed emergence and more rapid completion of emergence compared to a 1- or 2-cm (0.4- or 0.8-inch) seeding depth. Seeds soaked in water or potassium nitrate solution at room temperature emerged in higher percentages. Average plant height of the eight species and subspecies varied significantly at the end of first growing season.

scholarly journals Investigation of Inhibitor Polyphosphate Properties for Rotating Steel Disk Electrode in Potassium Nitrate Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
E.A. Dorokhova ◽  
B.D. Burkitbaeva ◽  
I.B. Melsitova ◽  
T.Z. Ahkmetov ◽  
V.I. Kapralova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Disk Electrode ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inhibiting Action ◽  
Steel Disk ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution

<p>Inhibition properties of a number of glass-like polyphosphates on 65J steel were investigated using the gravimetry and methods potassium nitrate solution polarization curves in a 0,1M (pH=6,05). The possibilities<br />of optimum experimental conditions were considered as well. Basing on the experimental data the inhibition coefficient and protective effect were found. The inhibiting action of polyphosphates, apparently, is due to the formation of inhomogeneous protecting film on the steel surface.</p>

Nitrate leaching and adsorption in a krasnozem from Redland Bay, QLD. II. Soil factors influencing adsorption

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Profile Changes

Laboratory determinations of nitrate adsorption from a 0.005M potassium nitrate solution indicated that exclusion occurred in soil from 0-20 cm and that adsorption increased through the subsoil from 0.16 m-equiv./100 g at 45-90 cm to 0.45 m-equiv./100 g between 360 and 600 cm. These profile changes appeared to be related to decreases in organic matter and pH and increases in kaolinite content. Correlation studies showed a strong relation (r = 0.87) between nitrate adsorption and relative net charge as measured by �pH (pHKCl pHH2O) and a negative relation (r = -0.67) with pHH2O. Correlations with sesquioxide fractions were variable and mostly negative.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and pre-germinative treatments on seed germination of Talinum triangulare (Jacq. ) willd (Portulacaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gonçalves Brasileiro ◽  
Denise Cunha F. S. Dias ◽  
Vicente Wagner Dias Casali ◽  
Maria Carmen Bhering ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, substrate and pre-germinative treatments on T. triangulare seeds. Four temperatures (constant 20, 25, 30 °C and alternate 20-30 °C) and two types of seeding (on paper and between paper), with light, were evaluated. The pre-germinative treatments evaluated included: immersion in water (24 hours), immersion in 6% hypochlorite solution (1 hour), immersion in 0.2% potassium nitrate solution (24 hours), immersion in 0.05% gibberellin solution (24 hours) and the control (untreated seeds). The highest germination percentage was observed at the alternate temperatures of 20-30 ºC, but with no significant difference between the substrates at this temperature. Soaking seeds in KNO3 gave the highest percentage germination and germination speed index (GSI), which differed from the other treatments except for soaking in water. Pre-soaking of T. triangulare seeds favors germination and may be done only in pure water, resulting in a more rapid and uniform germination.

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: VII. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE HEALTH OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Tyner ◽  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The effect of iron tartrate on the development of chlorosis in wheat seedlings in nutrient solutions, and also the effect of extracts of Helminthosporium sativum P. K. & B. and Fusarium culmorum W. G. Sm. on disease expression, were studied under greenhouse conditions. Iron tartrate was effective in preventing chlorosis. Less iron was required in summer plantings than in winter plantings. Also, less iron was required in solutions with the higher hydrogen ion concentrations. Under the conditions employed, manganese effected no amelioration of chlorotic symptoms in the presence of a deficiency of iron.Sterilized and unsterilized filtered extracts of the pathogens mentioned added to crocks of the nutrient solution inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings, an effect in soil culture which is interpreted as an index of pathogenicity.

The Sheath of Spicules of Leucosolenia complicata

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (36) ◽  
pp. 411-421
Author(s):  
WALTER CLIFFORD JONES
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Dilute hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, and potassium nitrate solutions dissolve the spicule calcite revealing a thin, partially contracted sheath. Corrosion by potash solution, however, produces a rigid, brittle ‘sheath’, which consists of the true sheath and an inorganic deposit laid down on its inner surface as the calcite dissolves away. The oscular rays, gastral rays, and curved monaxons corrode much more rapidly than the basal rays and slender monaxons in potash solution, and the corrosion is most noticeable on the surfaces transverse to the optic axis, particularly when dilute potash is used. Potassium nitrate solution and water, however, corrode the surfaces parallel to the optic axis, whereas in hydrochloric and carbonic acid solutions the calcite dissolves uniformly all round the rays. When spicules bearing calcite crystals are corroded, the calcite of the spicules dissolves more rapidly than the crystals, which then remain attached to the sheath and appear to have crystallized upon it, though attempts to crystallize calcite upon isolated sheaths, or sheaths supported by the inorganic deposit, have been unsuccessful. The evidence suggests that when crystals form on the spicule surface they are oriented by crystallizing on the calcite through perforations in the sheath.

Colloidal Properties of the Mesogloea in Species of Leucosolenia

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
WALTER CLIFFORD JONES
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
The Times

Oscular tubes rapidly collapse and disperse in isotonic potassium nitrate solution, the cells dissociating and rounding off, and the mesogloea softening and swelling. Reasons are given for regarding the action as a direct one on the mesogloea and intercellular ‘cement’. Transference of the collapsing tubes to sea-water, or isotonic calcium chloride, results in an immediate stiffening of the mesogloea, and the swollen cells form characteristic processes which are best seen after the cells have been in the nitrate solution for an optimum period depending on the temperature. They are not formed after treatment with M/100 potassium cyanide. The action of other isotonic salt solutions is briefly described. When a comparison is made of the times taken for the tubes to become plastic, the ions respectively used fall into three series which are the same as those found in regard to the dispersiveness of certain hydrophilic organic colloids. The experiments provide evidence that the mesogloea is secreted by the choanocytes or by the amoebocytes close beneath them, and that the secretion stiffens into a firmer gel as it passes into the spicule zone. The degree of firmness also varies apparently according to the health of the tube. The action of distilled water and acidified sea-water are described. After the spicules have dissolved the tube still retains its shape and much of its support can thus derive from the mesogloea. The relative functions of the mesogloea and the spicules are briefly discussed.

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