NUTRIENT PRESERVATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF FORAGES ENSILED WITH SODIUM METABISULPHITE AT VARYING LEVELS OF COMPACTION AND DRY MATTER

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cordukes ◽  
D. A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite

Sodium metabisulphite treatments did not reduce ensiling losses in mixed forages of various dry matter percentages at different densities.The quality and odour of low-density, low-dry matter silages were improved, but those of high-density silages were unaffected.Bisulphite increased the acceptability to heifers of forages of low to medium dry matter ensiled at medium density. Bisulphite did not increase the acceptability of low-dry matter forages ensiled at low density.

Water-soluble carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) sown at varying densities

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Smouter ◽  
RJ Simpson ◽  
GR Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

An experiment is described in which the tiller density of microswards of Lolium rigidum was varied by altering planting density. The treatments were expected to alter the interplant competition for light and thus affect the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of the grass swards. Swards were grown at planting densities of 100 (low density), 500 (medium density) and 5000 (high density) plants m-2. Mainly because of compensatory tillering in the low and medium density swards, all swards had equivalent dry matter yields by 13-15 days after anthesis. The concentrations of material soluble in neutral detergent (NDS) and of WSC, in particular, varied in response to the treatments, and the yield of WSC in the low density sward was 30-50% higher than in the other swards. The yield of WSC reached a maximum at anthesis in all treatments with large losses of WSC occurring as the grass senesced. Fructans were the major type of soluble carbohydrate in all plant parts (50-99% of WSC). At anthesis, the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the low density sward was higher than that of the high density sward (60.7% and 54.3% respectively). When dead, whole plant IVDMD had declined to 40.8% in the low density and 37.9% in the high density sward. The higher digestibility of the low density grass sward was a result of higher digestibility in almost all component plant parts. Opportunities may exist to improve the feeding value of senescing grass pastures if mobilization of WSC can be delayed or regulated to ensure higher retention of NDS.

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Density Treatment

A late-maturing corn hybrid, Funk brand G4444, was planted in 2-ha plots at 60 000 plants per hectare (low density) and at 100 000 plants per hectare (high density). At harvest, the dry matter and ear contents were 24.2 and 34%, respectively, for the low-density treatment and 22.8 and 28%, respectively, for the high-density treatment. Two groups of 10 lactating cows were used to compare the nutritive value of the ensiled forages over a 10-wk feeding period. Silage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat content were 10.33 kg/day, 27.11 kg/day and 3.52% for the cows fed high-density silage compared to 11.79 kg/day, 31.88 kg/day and 2.91% for those fed the low-density silage. Feeding the low-density silage resulted in a decreased level of acetic acid in the rumen and an increased level of propionic acid. Blood hematocrit and plasma calcium levels were lower for cows fed the silage from the low-density planting. Dry matter digestibility of the complete ration was 72.5 and 71.8% for the high- and low-density plantings, respectively. It was concluded that an increased ear content of approximately 10 percentage units resulted in a corn silage which was consumed more readily, altered rumen fermentation and caused a decrease in milk fat content. Key words: Corn silage, lactating dairy cows, planting density

Spatial analysis of the factors influencing housing quality for renters in a traditional Nigerian city

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Falilat Yetunde Olowu ◽  
Emmanuel Babatunde Jaiyeoba ◽  
Hafeez Idowu Agbabiaka ◽  
Olawunmi Johnson Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Housing Characteristics

Purpose Rental housing is an important form of accommodation; evaluating its quality will improve the quality of designs, standard living of renters, new dimension to policy guiding rental housing and enhance the values of rental houses. This study aims to examine the factors influencing rental housing quality in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select tenants for the study. Residential areas were stratified into three densities: high, medium and low. Out of the 18 residential areas identified, six, eight and four were in the high, medium and low densities, respectively. Five residential areas were selected based on high concentrations of rental housing. The selected areas are Mokuro and Iloro (high density), Ife City and Eleyele (medium density) and Aladanla (low density). Systematic sampling technique was used to select 550 buildings where an adult tenant was selected per building for questionnaire administration. Findings The results of the principal component analysis established that four factors were generated for the high-density, nine factors for the medium-density and five factors for low-density areas as the major factors influencing rental housing quality. The variation in the number of factors generated and the percentage variance explained by the factors could be associated to the peculiarities across the densities in terms of the socioeconomic characteristics and housing characteristics of the renters. Originality/value This study examined the factors influencing housing quality for renters in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It provides information on the three residential densities in terms of the variation in their housing morphology. The study went further to establish the relationship among the three musketeers such as socioeconomic characteristic of renters, housing characteristics and housing quality, under three dimensions environmental, internal building and external Building. Therefore, the contribution of this study strengthens the position that a minimum standard and schedule of upgrade and maintenance should be meted out for landlords to carry out repairs at interval, so as to make the housing unit and environment habitable for tenants.

scholarly journals Spacing experiments with brussels sprouts grown for single-pick harvests.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
E.W.M. Verheij
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Two-year trials are discussed on the effects of different spacings, planting pattern and row orientation, stopping the plants, and time of harvest on the cropping, habit and root growth of the hybrid brussels sprouts variety Thor. Yields of dry matter per sq.m. rose sharply with increasing plant density up to about 4 plants per sq.m., above which there was little further increase. The average weight per plant, however, showed the reverse trend, and declined with closer spacing. The total yields of sprouts from unstopped plants attained a maximum at a density of about 1 plant per sq.m., but the maximum yields and numbers of marketable sprouts were obtained with densities of about 2 and 2 plants per sq.m., respectively. Plants grown at high densities were taller and more slender than low-density plants, a habit well suited to mechanical stripping. Moreover, the sprouts from high-density plants were more uniform, which facilitated grading. There was little difference between the number and distribution of the roots, including depth of rooting, over a wide range of plant densities. However, high-density plants had fewer thick roots, and at the widest spacings the total number of roots per sq.m. declined. The pattern of planting had a slight influence on the height of the low-density plants, but differential effects of various row orientations were negligible. Stopping the plants greatly increased the total yields of sprouts at all densities; the numbers of marketable sprouts from the stopped plants were also greater, especially at densities of 3 plants per sq.m. and above. Harvesting stopped plants in late October instead of late September resulted in much higher yields of sprouts at all densities except the lowest, despite a decline in the fresh weights of the plants during this period.-I.T.T., Wageningen. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Reduction of River Pollutants with Raffia-Cord in Sail River Pekanbaru Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Budijono ◽  
R D Sibagariang ◽  
M Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reduction Effectiveness

Abstract The Sail River has been polluted by various types of pollutants in Pekanbaru. Raffia-cord is shaped like a feather duster, made of raffia rope that has been smoothed and then woven like a feather duster. This research was conducted as an effort to reduce the river pollutants (nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, Pb, Cr, COD, and BOD5. The study was carried out in Sail River in March – April 2019 using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with density variations: low density (P1), medium density (P2), and high density (P3). The average results showed that the decrease for nitrate was 0.075-0.117 mg/L (35-44%) from 0.136-0.347 mg/L; phosphate 0.205-0.267 mg/L (29-40%) from 0.339-0.381 mg/L; ammonia 0.027-0.076 mg/L (28-58%) from 0.093-0.108 mg/L. The decreasing effectiveness of P1, P2, and P3 for Pb were 67.146%, 70.465% and 67.242%; for Cr were 81.346%, 83.335% and 81.893%. The average COD reduction effectiveness were 38.7%; 46.9%; 42.5% while BOD5 were 71.4%, 74.1% and 69.5%. It was concluded that raffia-cord could be used to reducing nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia levels, raffia-cord was able to reduce the concentration of Pb and Cr but raffia-cord had no significant effect on decreasing COD and BOD5.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI DAN LAJU DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH MANGROVE BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KERAPATANNYA DI DELTA SUNGAI WULAN, DEMAK, JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Sena Widhitama ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Agung Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
High Density ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

ABSTRAK Salah satu proses pada ekosistem mangrove yang memberikan kontribusi  besar terhadap kesuburan perairan adalah proses dekomposisi atau penghancuran serasah mangrove. Penghancuran serasah merupakan bagian dari tahap proses dekomposisi, yang dapat menghasilkan nutrient  penting dalam rantai makanan, melalui produktivitas perairan disekitarnya, sebagaimana yang terjadi di Delta Sungai Wulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produksi serasah mangrove dan laju dekomposisinya berdasarkan tingkat kerapatan mangrove.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survai hal ini dilakukan dalam tiga titik sampling, yang dikelompokkan pada tiga kategori kerapatan mangrove yaitu rendah, sedang dan tinggi.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan januari sampai maret 2016. Hasil penelitian  menemukan  tiga spesies mangrove yaitu Rhizopora mocrunata, Rhizopora apiculata, dan Avicennia marina. Jumlah serasah yang diperoleh pada kerapatan mangrove rendah adalah 701.51 gram, mangrove kerapatan sedang berjumlah 837.94 gram dan mangrove kerapatan tinggi berjumlah 1276.85 gram. Laju dekomposisi dalam 30 hari pengamatan dengan laju tertinggi berada pada mangrove kerapatan tinggi dengan persentase 29 – 30 %, sedangkan kerapatan mangrove rendah dan kerapatan mangrove sedang dengan persentase 28%. Kata kunci : Delta Sungai Wulan;Produksi Serasah;Laju Dekomposisi ABSTRACTOne of the processes at mangrove ecosystem which contributes greatly to the fertility waters is the process of decomposition or destruction of mangrove manure. Destruction of Manure is a part of the decomposition process, can produce an important nutrient in the food chain, by means of  productivity of the surroundings waters, as happened in Delta Wulan. The purpose of this study was to find out the mangrove manure production and the rate of decomposition is based on the density of mangrove. The method used is a survey method  to divide the three point sampling, which grouped in three categories mangrove density, low, medium and high. This research was conducted in January to March 2016. The result of research to found  three species of mangrove that Rhizopora mocrunata, Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina. The amount of manure that is obtained at a low density is 701.51 grams, medium density amounted to 837.94 grams and high density mangrove amounted to 1276.85 grams. The rate of decomposition in the 30 days of observation by the highest rates are in the high density mangrove with a percentage of 29% - 30%, meanwhile low density mangrove and mangrove medium density with a percentage of 28%. Keywords : Delta Wulan River;Manure production;Decomposition rate

scholarly journals KARBON TERSIMPAN PADA BERBAGAI TIPE KERAPATAN TEGAKAN DI HUTAN RAKYAT DESA SUKOHARJO I KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dio Ivando ◽  
Irwan Sukri Banuwa ◽  
Afif Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
High Density ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Tree Biomass

Forests had an important role in carbon reserve and uptake: where this was one of efforts of global warming’s impacts mitigation. The aim of this research was to know the effect of  density in potential of  carbon reserve and uptake in the private  forest.  Data collection was carried out by survey;  then the collected data were analyzed for tree biomass, necromass, litter and ground plants, total of carbon stock in one area, suitability of carbon stock, CO2 absorbtion, and the differences in carbon stock and carbon uptake in each of density class. The result showed that, forests with low density were significantly lower in stored carbon and CO2 absorption, respectively 54.57 tons/ha and 200.27 tons/ha. In medium and high density forests, both the amount of stored carbon and CO2 uptake were no different. At medium density, stored carbon was 79.78 tons/ha, and CO2 absorption was 292.79 tons/ha. In high density, stored carbon was 92.94 tons/ha and CO2 absorption was 341.09 tons/ha.

A physiological analysis of the effect of sowing density on the growth rate of subterranean clover

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-L Prioul ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

The initial planting density of subterranean clover swards is known to affect the subsequent crop growth rate in such a way that a low density crop reaches the same final yield as does one sown at high density. To explain this phenomenon, daily carbon influxes and effluxes were measured during the growth of 'low' and 'high' density swards in a constant environment. The growth characteristics of individual plants in the sward and the photosynthetic responses of individual leaves to light were measured during ontogeny. Good agreement was found between the growth curves reconstructed from daily carbon increment and growth curves previously derived from dry matter sampling. The crop growth rate of a low density sward was found to be higher than that of a high density sward, and this is shown to be due to a lower respiratory loss. The high respiration rate of a high density crop can be attributed to plant mortality when dry matter density is higher than 400 g m-2. The photosynthetic light response curves of individual leaves at the top of the canopy were not found to be affected by the initial planting density, which suggests that subterranean clover plants are extremely well adapted to growth under sward conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document