INFLUENCE OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF WEATHER FLECK ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN ONTARIO

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Walker ◽  
L. S. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Leaf Maturity

Indices of amounts of weather fleck were evolved from field inspections of flue-cured tobacco subjected to variable amounts of irrigation water. The susceptibility of tobacco leaves to weather fleck increased with maturation, reaching a maximum when they became mature. Occurrence and intensity of the disorder were found to be directly related to amounts of incident water, which hastened leaf maturity and rate of plant growth.

scholarly journals Containerized Strawberry Transplants Reduce Establishment-period Water Use and Enhance Early Growth and Flowering Compared with Bare-root Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Dan Cantliffe ◽  
Craig Chandler ◽  
Craig Stanley ◽  
Eric Bish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Bare Root

Experiments were conducted in two seasons in Dover, Fla. (central Florida), with bare-root and containerized (plug) strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) transplants to evaluate transplant establishment-period water use, plant growth, and flowering responses in the 3-week transplant establishment period. Strawberry plug plants were established with 290 gal/acre water applied only with the transplant at planting time, while 200,000 gal/acre from microjet or 1 million gal/acre of water from sprinkler irrigation were used to establish bare-root transplants. Root, shoot, and crown dry matter of plug plants rapidly increased during the establishment period, while there was a decline in leaf area and root and crown mass of bare-root plants, even with sprinkler or microjet irrigation. Water applied with the bare-root transplant only at planting was not enough to keep the plant alive during the establishment period. Large plug plants, but not irrigated bare-root plants, began flowering at 3 weeks after planting. Plug plants were used to successfully establish strawberry crops with low water inputs.

scholarly journals Using Soil Solution Monitoring to Determine the Effects of Irrigation Management and Fertigation on Nitrogen Availability in High-density Apple Orchards

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neilsen ◽  
P. Parchomchuk ◽  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
E.J. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Loam Soil

Direct application of fertilizers in irrigation water (fertigation) is an efficient method of supplying nutrients to fruit trees. Information is needed on the relationship between irrigation and N inputs on N availability in order to target nutrient applications to meet plant demands. Soil solution was collected from permanently installed suction lysimeters and NO3-N concentration was measured over the growing season in three experiments: 1) comparison of sprinkler irrigation + broadcast fertilizer with weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation; 2) comparison of (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2 as N sources under daily fertigation; and 3) comparisons of combinations of irrigation applied at either fixed rates or to meet evaporative demand and fertilizer (Ca(NO3)2) applied daily either at fixed rates or to maintain a given concentration in the fertigation solution in two soil types—loamy sand and silt loam. Trials are located in high density apple plantings of either `Gala' or `Empire' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on M.9 rootstock. Nitrate-N concentration in the soil solution measured at 30 cm deep remained higher, over more of the growing season, for weekly fertigation + daily drip irrigation than for a single broadcast fertilizer application + sprinkler irrigation. With daily Ca(NO3)2 fertigation, soil solution NO3- N concentrations increased and decreased rapidly with the onset and end of fertigation respectively, remained relatively constant during the intervening period and were directly proportional to either the amount of N or the amount of irrigation water added. Daily fertigation with (NH4)2SO4 resulted in less control of NO3-N availability in the root-zone than with Ca(NO3)2, which may be problematic for precise timing of N nutrition. Except for the fixed irrigation rate applied to the loamy sand soil, soil solution NO3-N concentrations at 30 cm beneath the emitter were similar to average concentrations in the fertigating solution, for all methods of irrigation management in both soil types. Elevated NO3-N concentrations in soil solution below the root zone (75 cm deep) were detected in the loamy sand regardless of methods of N application and irrigation although there was some evidence of less leaching to this depth, under scheduled irrigation. In the silt loam soil, considerably lower concentrations of NO3-N were found beneath the root zone than at 30 cm deep for all of irrigation procedures and frequently there was insufficient water moving to 75 cm to provide sample. Tree growth in the loamy sand was less than in the silt loam soil; was limited by low application of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993; was unaffected by NO3-N concentration in the root zone, indicating that N inputs could be minimized by adding N to maintain concentrations of 75 μg·mL-1 or possibly less. Nitrogen inputs may also be reduced if fertilizer N and irrigation water could be retained within the root zone. For coarse-textured soils this will require precise additions of water and possibly soil amendments to improve water holding capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of controlled sprinkler chemigation on wheat crop in a sandy soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
M.A. Sayed ◽  
M.N.A. Bedaiwy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Safe Limits

A two-year experiment was conducted in the desert west of the Nile Delta to study the effect of applying fertilizers and other agronomic chemicals through sprinkler irrigation water (a technique referred to as chemigation) on wheat grain yield. Experiment included three levels of irrigation inputs, namely: I<sub>1</sub> = potential evapotranspiration rate (ET<sub>p</sub>), I<sub>2</sub> = 0.8 ETp and I<sub>3</sub> = 0.6 ET<sub>p</sub>, and included two application method of fertilizers and herbicide (chemication and traditional). Applying chemigation resulted in significant increase in grain yield, ranging between 9.9% and 50.0% with averages of 43.2% and 14.5% over the first and second seasons, respectively. Irrigation treatment I<sub>1</sub> produced higher grain yield than the other two irrigation treatments both under traditional and chemigation methods as a result of better fertilizer distribution in the root zone. Grain yield associated with combined I<sub>1</sub> and chemigation was highest of all treatments and was greater than Egypt's national average by 14% and 9% for seasons 1 and 2, respectively. Chemigation resulted in more uniform distribution of nitrate-nitrogen throughout the root zone with nitrate levels falling within safe limits. Concentrations under traditional application resulted in lower levels in upper soil and greater levels at deeper soil of the root zone exceeding safe limits and subjecting the soil and groundwater to contamination hazards. For both N and K fertilizers, fertilizer use efficiency was greater under chemigation than under traditional application. Efficiencies increased with increasing irrigation water, apparently due to better fertilizer distribution. Applying herbicides with sprinkler irrigation water reduced weed infestation from 48% to 6.5%. As a result of improved yield under chemigation, an increase in revenue per hectare of 112.6% was achieved.

Effect of sprinkler irrigation levels on the performance of blackgram (Vigna mungo) varieties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Senthil Kumar ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Subrahmaniyan ◽  
V. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Four Levels

A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu during Summer, 2013 and 2014 to study the response of blackgram varieties to different levels of irrigation through applied sprinkler system. Four levels of irrigation I1 - 50 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation, I2 - 75 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation, I3 - 100 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation and I4 - Surface irrigation in main plot and three blackgram varieties viz., ADT 5, PBG 4 and VBN BG 6 were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. Sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation in variety ADT 5 gave significantly better growth and yield attributes and higher grain yield of 1217 kg/ha which was at par with surface irrigation method in ADT 5 variety (1184 kg/ha). Surface irrigation method utilized higher amount of irrigation water of 428.1 mm and 413.6 mm, whereas, sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation utilized minimum amount of irrigation water of 329.2 mm and 308.7 mm during summer 2013 and 2014, respectively. Water saving under sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation was 23.1% and 25.4% as compared to surface irrigation method during summer 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Respond of Plant Growth and Soil Water-Salt to Different Irrigation Amounts in Little Thickness Aeration Zone in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3872-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Jin ◽  
Jing Long Fan ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Bing Wen Li ◽  
Xin Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Water Salt

In order to clarify the influence of saline water irrigation to plant growth and distribution ofsoil water-salt, and providing theoretical basis for sustainable water supply of ecological constructionin desert area, the data of soil water-salt and plant growth was observed at Tarim Desert HighwayShelter-forest Ecological Project No. 17 well. The law of soil water and salt spatial distribution wasanalyzed, and the responses of plant growth to 4 different irrigation amounts were studied by singleelement variance analysis. The results were as follows: the soil water content reaches or is close tosaturation in layer of 100~120cm under the 420mm irrigation water condition; The soil water contentreaches or is close to saturation in layer of 160~180cm under the 233.1mm irrigation water condition;The soil water content reaches or is close to saturation in layer of 180~200cm under the 285.6mm irrigation water condition; The soil water content reaches or is close to saturation in layer of160~180cm under the 201.6mm irrigation water condition. The vertical distribution law of soilssalinity is that the soil salt can enter groundwater after 3 days of irrigation, and be gathered in 0~30cmsoil layer. There were no significant differences except the Tamarix plant height in plant growthindexes among 4 different irrigation quantities treatments.

Plant growth and mineral content as related to varying bicarbonate ion levels in irrigation water

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abdel Salam ◽  
S. A. Sabet ◽  
M. A. El Kadi ◽  
A. A. Harga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mineral Content

Studies on alternative means of legume inoculation: appraisal of application of inoculant suspended in irrigation water (water-run inoculation)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Gault ◽  
AL Bernardi ◽  
JA Thompson ◽  
JA Andrews ◽  
LW Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Structured Soils ◽  
Alternative Means

Water-run inoculation is a novel means of inoculating crop legumes with species of Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobiunz. Inoculant suspended in irrigation water is delivered into the seedbed. This procedure may be apt for situations when a farmer has limited time to sow a large area and more conventional and timeconsuming means of inoculation may create a bottleneck during sowing. Field experiments with water-run inoculation of irrigated soybeans were conducted at 2 sites using furrow or flood irrigation. With furrow irrigation immediately after sowing, rhizobia-laden water had to infiltrate the soil laterally a distance of about 18 cm to reach the seed sown in single rows on hills (parallel ridges). With flood irrigation before sowing, water needed to percolate vertically only 5 cm to sowing depth. A peat inoculant of B. japonicum remained uniformly in suspension during flow of irrigation water over periods of 45 min and distances of 80 m from the point where the inoculant was introduced. With furrow irrigation on a poorly structured red brown earth, water-run inoculation applied at the normal (commercially recommended) rate did not initiate a satisfactory soybean symbiosis and was inferior to the more conventional methods, seed coat and seedbed inoculation. Rhizobial colonisation of seedling rhizospheres was limited, nodulation was sparse, and low numbers of B. japonicum re-established in the soil after harvest. Symbiosis was improved by higher rates of inoculation and was particularly enhanced in an area where the irrigation water ponded for 3-4 h allowing more time for the rhizobia-laden water to percolate the soil. With flood irrigation on a grey clay, an approximately normal rate of water-run inoculation induced an effective symbiosis especially when compared with lower rates of inoculation. Substantial populations of rhizobia developed in soybean rhizospheres, plant growth and nitrogen (N) content were enhanced, and higher levels of N2 fixation led to increased levels of N in the seed. We conclude that water-run inoculation is not an appropriate means of legume inoculation in furrow-irrigated systems on poorly structured soils but it may be a practical option for inoculation of crop legumes grown under flood irrigation.

scholarly journals Evaluating Ways to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Irrigating Nursery Crops with Water High in Soluble Salts

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
A.M. Iles ◽  
J.E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
City Water ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water

The effects of watering technique on container grown Lonicera tatarica L. ‘Zabelii’ and Philadelphus x virginalis Rehd. irrigated with water high in soluble salts were investigated during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons. Hand, mini-sprinkling, and sprinkler irrigation were compared. The quality of irrigation water used in this experiment included: A) EC 0.12 mmhos/cm, pH 6.6, SAR 0.3 (city water); B) EC 1.42 mmhos/cm, pH 7.5, SAR 2.0; and C) EC 2.48 mmhos/cm, pH 7.8, SAR 2.9. Mini-sprinkling resulted in significantly greater growth of Philadelphus x virginalis when compared to sprinkler irrigation. This increase in growth was attributed to greater media moisture, prevention of leaf contact with irrigation water, and the possible leaching of salts by the spotspitter type of mini-sprinkling utilized.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Saluran Sekunder Taroang Daerah Irigasi Kelara

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik Iqbal ◽  
Zulvyah Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Preparation Plant

The purpose of the research is the determinationof Irrigation water requirement based on primer datas collectingand analysis factors of land preparation, plant growth,determination of water loss due to percolation. Irrigation waterrequirement depends from various factors in the preparation ofthe land, plant growth, determination of water loss due topercolation, the determination of the replacement of water andrain layer effectively. The availability of irrigation water iscalculated based on discharge data retrieval on the TaroangSecondary channel. which then processed to obtain the finalresult of the availability of water in the channel. Results of thestudy shown that needs water to irrigate an area of secondarychannels Taroang covering an area of 2,140 Ha as much 39.11m3/s. While the availability of water that goes into the secondarychannel taroang where discharge a minimum of 0.12 m3/s and themaximum discharge of 0.31 m3/s.

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