CHEMICAL CONTROL OF LIOCORIS SPP., ADELPHOCORIS SPP. AND PLAGIOGNATHUS MEDICAGUS ARRAND (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN NORTHERN ALFALFA SEED FIELDS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Agricultural Areas

One application of 1.25 pounds DDT, 0.50 pound dieldrin, or 1.0 pound heptachlor per acre when the alfalfa had just started to bud practically eliminated Adelphocoris spp. and Plagiognathus medicagus before they caused noticeable damage, and kept Liocoris spp. infestations below 0.3 per sweep throughout the season in replicated plot tests in 1956 and 1957. The residual toxicity provided by these treatments should ensure adequate control of plant bugs in alfalfa grown for seed in the northern agricultural areas of Western Canada.One application of 0.75 pound DDT or 0.5 pound heptachlor effectively controlled Adelphocoris spp. and P. medicagus, but permitted Liocoris spp. infestations to reach about 2.0 bugs per sweep after 6 or 7 weeks. The residual toxicity provided by these treatments would not be adequate to prevent damaging infestations of Liocoris spp. from developing in some years.

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS ATTACKING ALFALFA IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Davey ◽  
G. F. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Adequate Control

Surveys in southwestern Ontario in 1953 and 1954 showed that the initial small numbers of sucking insects found in alfalfa fields in early spring tended to increase rapidly as the season progressed. Each time the hay was cut the number of insects was reduced but the invading population soon built up, often to economic proportions. A spray of malathion, perthane, toxaphene, or heptachlor, applied in the spring of 1954, prevented the usual build-up of spittlebug nymphs. Each of the insecticides tested, except heptachlor, increased the yield of the first cutting of hay. An application after each of the first and second cuttings did not give adequate control of sucking insects present and did not increase either cutting of hay.

Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields

Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season severely damaged established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Beaver’) and reduced seed yield 32% over a 4-yr period. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber) populations were reduced but perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) increased in frequency. Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle. Alfalfa was damaged initially but rapid recovery resulted in an increase in seed yield in 2 yr out of 4. Terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle. No alfalfa damage was evident and seed yields were increased 34% over a 3-yr period. Seed yield increased 30% where asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/ha, but there was no visible effect on the growth of either alfalfa or weeds. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC (p-chlorophenyl-N-methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly, although simazine and diuron did reduce dandelion populations.

Chemical control of crown rot in Queensland bananas

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Fusarium Pallidoroseum ◽  
Banana Plantations

The efficacy of benomyl, prochloraz, flusilazole and other fungicides in controlling crown rot, a postharvest disease of bananas, was studied. In experiments with harvested fruit, prochloraz and flusilazole were the most effective fungicides. Benomyl was less effective than prochloraz. In 1 experiment, Fusarium pallidoroseum and a Verticillium sp. were frequently isolated from diseased crowns of untreated fruit. Both fungi were pathogenic and sensitive to prochloraz in vitro, but only F. pallidoroseum was sensitive to benomyl. The Verticillium sp. was consistently isolated from diseased crowns of benomyl-treated fruit. The failure of benomyl to control crown rot adequately in Queensland may be related to the presence of benomyl-tolerant crown rot fungi in the flora of banana plantations. In 2 experiments, prochloraz gave good control of crown rot in fruit stored for extended periods before ripening; however, it failed to give adequate control in a third.

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN WIREWORM AGRIOTES OBSCURUS (L.) IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Cent Mortality ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Fraser Valley

The wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) was controlled in silty loam at Agassiz, British Columbia, from 1953 to 1956, by insecticides incorporated into the soil. Single applications of aldrin or heptachlor at 5 lb. of toxicant per acre gave good protection to potatoes planted a month after application, and gave 100 per cent mortality of wireworms by the second or third season. Aldrin at 2.5 lb., DDT at 15 lb., and granulated heptachlor at 3 lb. did not give adequate control in the year of application but gave appreciable control in the third and fourth seasons. Ethylene dibromide at 1.6 gal. per acre did not give control.

scholarly journals Stink bug Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)-An Emerging Threat for Seed Production in Alfalfa Crop (Medicago sativa L.) and Their Successful Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Karar ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Jaffar Ali ◽  
Reem Atalla Alajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

AbstractForages are vital constituent for sustainable agriculture because they provide feed for animals that ultimately converted into human food. Alfalfa is one of the most important forages that has highest feeding value for livestock, and seed production of alfalfa seriously affected by several factors, but seed yield loss due to stink bug attack is more as compared to other factors. Studies were conducted to control stink bug by different insecticides at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan during 2016-17. The efficacy of ten insecticides viz., acephate, dimethoate, malathion, chlorpyriphos, bifenthrin, lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid and carbosulfan were tested against stink bug, Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. variety SGD-2002. The mortality of stink bug was recorded one, three, five, seven, ten and fifteen days after spray. Similarly the population of pollinators was recorded before and one, three and five days after spray. From this study it had been observed that acetamiprid (81.14 %) and acephate (80.65%) had the higest mortality of stink bug and proved to be the most effective insecticides against stink bug. By spray of insecticides the population of pollinators declined one day after spray, but it had been rehabilitated three days after spray. By chemical treatment against stink bug, seed yield increased from 28.05 Kg/acre (during last four year without chemical control of stink bug) to 116 Kg/acre in 2016-17 (with chemical control). From this study it has been concluded that chemicals can be used in integrated management program of alfalfa seed production.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Rice Diseases by Microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Jung-Ae Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sup Song ◽  
Min-Hye Jeong ◽  
Sook-Young Park ◽  
Yangseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Demand Chain ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Yield Production

Rice is responsible for the stable crop of 3 billion people worldwide, about half of Asian depends on it, and rice is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice diseases can lead to devastating economic loss by decreasing yield production, disturbing a stable food supply and demand chain. The most commonly used method to control rice disease is chemical control. However, misuse of chemical control can cause environmental pollution, residual toxicity, and the emergence of chemical-resistant pathogens, the deterioration of soil quality, and the destruction of biodiversity. In order to control rice diseases, research on alternative biocontrol is actively pursued including microorganism-oriented biocontrol agents. Microbial agents control plant disease through competition with and antibiotic effects and parasitism against plant pathogens. Microorganisms isolated from the rice rhizosphere are studied comprehensively as biocontrol agents against rice pathogens. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Trichoderma sp. were reported to control rice diseases, such as blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and bakanae diseases. Here we reviewed the microorganisms that are studied as biocontrol agents against rice diseases.

Weed Potential of the Forage Legume Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thro ◽  
Alan T. Wier ◽  
F. Gilbert Barker
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growth Room

Growth room and field studies were conducted to determine if increasing use of forage aeschynomene may lead to new weed problems in rice and soybeans and to identify possible control measures in these crops. In a growth room study, flooding of ‘Florida Common’ and ‘LSU 1147’ forage aeschynomene did not reduce yield. However, forage aeschynomene seedlings did not emerge from a flooded seedbed, and 1-week-old seedlings were killed by 2.5 or 7.5 cm of flooding. Competition from interseeded forage aeschynomene reduced ‘Centennial’ soybean yields by 81%. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen, labeled for soybeans, control forage aeschynomene. Acifluorfen, labeled for rice, may control forage aeschynomene in that crop. Forage aeschynomene might become a weed problem in rice if plants are past the seedling stage when flood water is applied and could cause weed problems in soybeans; but, in most situations, cultural and chemical control practices should provide adequate control.

scholarly journals Chemical control of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field horsetail is a perennial rhizomatous weed with summergrowing fernlike foliage and sporelating stems It likes moist freedraining sandy soils and gravel riverbeds and flood plains Glasshouse experiments on 10month old potted field horsetail plants showed excellent efficacy of imazapyr amitrole metsulfuron picloram and combinations of picloram with metsulfuron or triclopyr all at highest recommended rates However in the field trial single applications of these herbicides did not provide effective longterm control with significant regrowth 2 months after treatment This suggests that most of the herbicide treatments did not damage the extensive root system sufficiently to stop considerable regrowth with herbicides such as triclopyrpicloram glyphosate and metsulfuron failing to give adequate control of this weed in the field Further applications of amitrole or triclopyrmetsulfuron 2 months after the initial treatment gave better results but also killed all other vegetation

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