A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS UPON THE GERMINATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS: III. VEGETABLE VINE CROPS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606
Author(s):  
W. E. Torfason ◽  
I. L. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

A study was made of the effects of temperature and duration of exposure upon the germination of cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon seed. Seeds of four varieties of each crop were germinated at controlled temperatures by rolled-towel method. Muskmelon seed germination was significantly reduced as temperature decreased from 60°F. through 55°, 50° and 45°F. On the other hand, germination of cucumber and watermelon seed was not significantly altered by temperature. Prolonging the duration of exposure to 15 or 22 days resulted in significant reductions in the germination of watermelons but not of the other crops. The interaction of temperature with duration of exposure caused significant differences in the germination of the three crops. At 45° and 50°F., germination decreased generally as exposure lengthened to 15 days and then increased sharply at 22 days. It is postulated that this increase was the result of temperature conditioning or some similar reaction. At 55° and 60°F., germination increased slightly as exposure increased to 8 or 15 days, followed by a decrease at 22 days. This effect was most pronounced at 60°F., probably due to greater fungal activity at that temperature.It is concluded that satisfactory germination of the vine crops can be obtained after relatively long exposure to temperatures lower than the previously accepted minima.

scholarly journals Efficacy of N-phenylphtalamic acid in some Solanaceae species

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. S. Chauhan ◽  
H. H. Singh ◽  
H. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solanaceae Species

: N-phenylphthalamic acid — Cl4H1 1 NO3 (Nevirol 60 WP) was successfully used for enhancing yield in some important vegetable crops namely, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), chilli (Capsicum annuum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) of Solanaceae. Aqueous sprays with 0.2% and 3.0% significantly enhanced fruit production in chilli and tomato respectively. On the other hand, various treatments in brinjal failed to enhance yield significantly. The increase in yield in both tomato and chilli is largely due to increase in the number of flowers and fruit-set percentage.

Three Ways Aliphatic Aldehydes React with Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Moshkin ◽  
Evgeniya V. Gorbunova ◽  
Evgeny M. Buev ◽  
Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh
Keyword(s):  
Mannich Bases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Azomethine Ylides ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Aliphatic Aldehydes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Compound ◽  
Alkyl Groups

Aliphatic aldehydes readily react with nonstabilized azomethine ylides in one of the three ways to give oxazolidines, pyrrolidines, or Mannich bases, depending on the structure of the starting compound and the reaction conditions. The use of N-(methoxymethyl)-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]benzylamine in DMF provided 5-alkyloxazolidines in 40–97% yields. On the other hand, three-component reactions of aliphatic aldehydes bearing one α-hydrogen with N-methyl(benzyl)glycine and formaldehyde gives Mannich bases in yields of 47–98%. A similar reaction of aldehydes bearing branched alkyl groups and two hydrogen atoms at the α-position proceeds as a domino process that gives 3-alkyl-3-formylpyrrolidines in yields of 34–93%.

scholarly journals Effects of gibberellic acid and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of triticale-I under salinity stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Effects of GA and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of Triticale cultivar was investigated under salinity stress. Salinity decreased the rate of seed germination and ion accumulation in the seedlings but both GA and Kn stimulated these processes under stress. Salinity increased the accumulation of Na+ in radicles and plumules with concomitant inhibition of that of K+, GA and Kn, on the other hand, reduced the rate of Na+ accumulation and increased that of K+ in the seedlings. The interrelationship between the effect of salinity and growth regulators on seed germination and the accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings is discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13435 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 123-129, 2012 (December)

Some reactions of 10-substituted-10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine-n-butyllithium adducts with acyl and sulfonyl chlorides

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (18) ◽  
pp. 2371-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Pasutto ◽  
Edward E. Knaus
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Sulfinic Acid ◽  
Sulfonyl Chlorides ◽  
Chloro Derivative ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Disubstituted Product ◽  
Methyl Analog

Reaction of 10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazines 1 possessing a 10-methyl 1f, 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) 1b, or 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl) 1c substituent, with n-butyllithium and methyl chloroformate or diethyl chlorophosphate affords predominantly 1,2-dihydropyridines 11 and the 4-substituted derivatives 12. The 1,7-disubstituted product 15b was obtained from reaction of the 10-methyl compound 1f with p-fluorobenzoyl chloride. On the other hand, treatment of the 10-methyl analog 1f with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride gave the unexpected 4-chloro derivative 12c and 13c which probably arises from the 1-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-1,2-dihydropyridine 11c via elimination of trifluoromethanesulfonic (sulfinic) acid. The N-10 dealkylated product 1a was obtained from reaction of the 10-(1-methyl-2-dimethylaminoethyl) analog 1g with n-butyllithium and methyl chloroformate, whereas a similar reaction employing the 10-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) derivative 1h gave rise to the N-methoxycarbonyl derivative 18. On the other hand, reaction of 1h with n-butyllithium alone gave the N-10 n-hexyl product 19. Mechanisms for the formation of 1a, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 19 are described.

scholarly journals Morfología de semilla, germinación y desarrollo postemergente de tres especies del género Polianthes L. (Agavaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Héctor Serrano-Casas ◽  
Eloy Solano-Camacho ◽  
Adelaida Ocampo-López
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Germination Process

The seed germination process and seedling development were studied for Polianthes geminiflorn (Lex.) Rose var. geminiflom, Polianthes sp . and P. longiflom Rose. The seed viability test estimated was from 94 to 100%. In seeds treatment by soaking the seeds in water at 25ºC during three, six and twelve hours, the germination percentage, velocity and germination uniformity were increased like control assay. On the other hand, P geminiflorn var. geminiflora. were more resistent than Polianthes sp. and P.  longiflora. seeds to a treatment of three, six and twelve hours in water a t 40ºC. The three species had epigeal germination and their cotyledon developed a haustorium. None of this species exhibited seed dormancy and they were orthodox. There were significant differences in the first leave length between the three species. The seed morphology, germination behavior and seedlings development were very similar.

scholarly journals Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Carlos Arroyo ◽  
Jorge Mora ◽  
Edgar Vargas ◽  
Javier Gainza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Germination Process

Non traditional alternatives for fungi control were tried on peach palm seed germination process. Two substances - kerosene and gasoline - were found as effective as traditional fungicide treatments triadime- fon and carboxin+benomyl. This is due to their fungicide action and posterior evaporation, not interfering with respiration as is the case with dieses oil. It was found that the hydrogen peroxide accelerates the germination process, but it is not an effective fungicide. On the other hand, kilol seem to be a promising fungicide in this respect if used at a concentration higher than 10 cc/l of water.

scholarly journals Effects of Retting Media Circulation and Temperature on the Fermentation Process in Soft-Texture and Low Cyanogenic Content Cassava Flour Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
M.T.A.P. Kresnowati ◽  
Yazid Bindar ◽  
Lienda Aliwarga ◽  
Dianika Lestari ◽  
Nicholaus Prasetya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Flour Production

A fermentation process to produce soft-texture and low cyanogenic content cassava flour had been studied, in particular the effects of temperature, circulation of the retting media, and scale to the reduction of cyanogenic content and the structure of cassava. Although the effects of retting media circulation and an increase in the fermentation temperature on cyanogenic content reduction were not clearly seen, they led to more damaged cassava structure and thus improving the overall cassava flour production. On the other hand small scale fermentation led to both cyanogenic content reduction and morphological changes, giving better fermentation performance.

scholarly journals Soluções crioprotetoras na conservação de sementes de orquídea estrela e orquídea bambu em nitrogênio líquido

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula ◽  
Douglas Junior Bertoncelli ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Cito Alves ◽  
Gabriel Barraca Men ◽  
Tatiana Fattori Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

An alternative for the conservation of orchid species threatened with extinction is the seeds preservation for long periods by cryopreservation. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of cryogenic solutions on the orchids Epidendrum radicans and Arundina bambusifolia seeds cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. Seven treatments were performed: 0.4 M sucrose; 2 M glycerol; PVS1; PVS2; PVS3; PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol and the control. After liquid nitrogen removal, half of the seeds were subjected to tetrazolium test, and another half was in vitro cultured. After 30 days seed germination was evaluated. There was no significant difference between A. bambusifolia and E. radicans in tetrazolium test and seeds germination. On the other hand, it was observed that in A. bambusifolia tetrazolium and seed germination tests the solutions of PVS1, PVS2, PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol showed the best results. E. radicans seeds with 4% water content cryopreservation does not require the use of cryoprotectant. On the other hand, cryoprotectant´s use resulted in positive effect in maintenance and viability preservation of A. bambusifolia seeds. PVS1, PVS2 and PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol showed best seeds survival rates after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen.

scholarly journals Effects of Cassava Chips Fermentation Conditions on The Produced Flour Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Angina Meitha ◽  
Yazid Bindar ◽  
M.T.A.P. Kresnowati
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Dextrose Equivalent ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flour Properties ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
As Solubility

A fermentation process to produce soft-texture and low cyanogenic content cassava flour had been studied, in particular the effects of temperature, circulation of the fermentation media, and chips size, on fermented cassava flour (fercaf) properties. Fermentation was shown to affect properties of cassava flour: reducing the cyanogenic content, swelling power, as well as solubility, whereas on the other hand increasing the amylose content and correspondingly the measured DE. Further, the properties of the produced flour were affected by the implemented fermentation operation conditions. Fermentation temperature was found to significantly affect amylose content. Media circulation was found to significantly affect the measured Dextrose Equivalent. On the other hand, the size of cassava chips significantly affected the cyanogenic content and solubility of the flour

scholarly journals SEED GERMINATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) USING PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) FRUIT EXTRACTS AS NATURALLY OCCURRING GERMINATION INHIBITOR AND GIBBERELLIC ACID IN VARIOUS SEED TREATMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
Regine M. Olivas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand

Seed Germination is a vital process in plant growth and development. It is very crucial in crop production. Control of seed germination can proceed if there are presence of naturally occurring germination inhibitors such as papaya fruit extracts. Promotion of seed germination on the other hand, can be obtain from plant growth hormones such as gibberellic acid. Various seed treatments used in the experiment were the following: T1-unwashed, fresh T2-washed, fresh T3-washed, air-dried T4-washed, fresh and T5-washed, fresh.Twenty (20) seeds were counted for each treatment. Distilled water as the germinating medium for the seeds were T1, T2 and T3. In T4 and T5, 100ppm of GA3 and papaya fruit extracts were used as germinating media respectively. The highest and the lowest percent germination was shown in T2 and T5 respectively.InT1 and T3 on the other hand, had 75% and 80% germination respectively.Papaya fruit extracts (T5) is considered as a naturally occurring germination inhibitorin tomato.

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