CONVERSION OF LATENT EVAPORATION TO POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Holmes ◽  
G. W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Block Methods ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Scheduling Irrigation ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Porous Ceramic Plate

Potential evapotranspirometers and various evaporation pans are commonly used to estimate potential evapotranspiration. These instruments are expensive, large, difficult to install and use. A black Bellani plate atmometer is suggested as a simple instrument to replace these large tanks. It consists of a black, porous, ceramic plate, mounted on a glazed ceramic cup. The plate surface is kept moist by the water held in the cup. Evaporation from this surface is a measure of the drying ability of the air and is called "latent evaporation". Comparisons of various evaporimeters have shown the Bellani atmometer to be accurate and responsive to meteorological variables.Latent evaporation was compared with open-pan evaporation (from a 4-foot diameter buried tank) at several sites across Canada. Latent evaporation was also compared with evapotranspiration from irrigated field plots and evapotranspirometer tanks. The conversion factor of 0.0034 inches of evapotranspiration from irrigated fields, and 0.0032 inches of open-pan evaporation for each cubic centimetre of latent evaporation has been tentatively established. Latent evaporation and moisture block methods have shown excellent agreement in scheduling irrigation.

scholarly journals Mechanism of methane-air combustion on the surface of a porous ceramic plate.

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Nakamura ◽  
Yoshinori Itaya ◽  
Kazuhito Miyoshi ◽  
Masanobu Hasatani
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Porous Ceramic Plate

Preparation and Selectivity of Resistive Acetone Gas Sensors Based on Polyaniline/Au Interdigitated Electrode

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Jing Shan Do ◽  
Wen Long Liu ◽  
Ming Liao Tsai ◽  
Sheng Yeng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Interdigitated Electrode ◽  
Porous Ceramic Plate ◽  
Fire Accident

The acetone gas sensor can be applied in the fields of the occupational safety, the prevention of fire accident and explosion in plants and the diabetic patients breathe analysis. The properties of the sensing materials and the sensing characteristics of the acetone gas sensors based on polyaniline (PANI)/Au/porous ceramic plate prepared by the microfabrication technologies and the electrochemical methods are studied in this work. PANI with stable sensing performance is prepared by a three-stage chronopotentiometric method onto Au/porous ceramic plate. The PANI nanowires are uniformly distributed on Au interdigitated electrode surface characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).The sensitivity and the response time of the resistive acetone gas sensor are obtained to be 4.0×10-3% ppm-1and 3 min when using N2as carrier gas. Based on the same sensing electrode, the sensitivities of the gas sensor to mixed gas containing acetone are measured.Key words: gas sensor; acetone; polyaniline; sensitivity; selectivity

scholarly journals Formation of methane-air open flame on the surface of a porous ceramic plate.

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Itaya ◽  
Kazuhito Miyoshi ◽  
Shu Maeda ◽  
Masanobu Hasatani
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Open Flame ◽  
Porous Ceramic Plate

Pan evaporation and potential evapotranspiration trends in South Florida

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wossenu Abtew ◽  
Jayantha Obeysekera ◽  
Nenad Iricanin
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Pan Evaporation

The effect of various agronomic practices on the yield of chicory (Cichorium intybus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. PATEL ◽  
J. B. PATEL ◽  
P. N. UPADHYAY ◽  
V. P. USADADIA
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Evaporation Ratio ◽  
Scheduling Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Two sets of experiments were conducted on sandy loam soils at Anand, India during the rabi (winter) seasons of three years (1993/94–1995/96) to study the effects of farmyard manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash as well as the method and time of sowing and irrigation on the growth and yield of chicory. Application of farmyard manure and phosphorus had no beneficial effect, whereas the application of nitrogen at 100 kg/ha and potassium at 50 kg/ha increased yield by 12·09 and 3·33%, respectively, on a pooled basis. Crops sown either in rows 30 cm apart or broadcast performed equally well with respect to dry root yield. Sowing of chicory on 5 November gave the highest dry root yield. Delayed sowing significantly reduced the dry root yield. Scheduling irrigation at an irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation ratio of 0·7 produced maximum dry root yield.

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY IRRIGATED ALFALFA AS RELATED TO SEASON AND GROWTH STAGE

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Krogman ◽  
E. H. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Evaporation Ratio ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Balance

The results of a plot experiment wherein three levels of irrigation were applied during three successive summers showed that the average daily rates of evapotranspiration by alfalfa ranged from 0.05 to 0.36 in. per day. The maximum evapotranspiration rate was associated with complete ground cover and at this stage equalled potential evapotranspiration. Except for early in the season the conversion factor for estimating evapotranspiration from evaporation for irrigation scheduling by the budget method or soil moisture balance sheet should approximate the potential evapotranspiration–evaporation ratio.

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