POLYEMBRYONY IN TOMATOES

H. H. Marshall

doi:10.4141/cjps58-010

POLYEMBRYONY IN TOMATOES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps58-010 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. H. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Complement ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

True Breeding ◽

Cleavage Polyembryony

Twenty-nine polyembryonic seeds were found among 26,000 tomato seeds. These gave rise to twin seedlings. Five of the polyembryonic seeds appeared as a "double" seed with two units joined at adjacent sides to form the seed. Five pairs of conjoined seedlings were found. In some pairs, one member was four or five times larger than its mate. All the mature twins appeared to be diploid. One true-breeding mature twin may have been a haploid whose chromosome complement was spontaneously doubled. Most of the twin seedlings were from parents which were heterozygous for the gene U (uniform green fruits). The U-genotypes of 32 such twins were determined from F3 segregation. The results indicate that most twins resulted from normal segregation and recombination. Therefore, simple polyembryony appears to be the most likely origin of most tomato twin seedlings. False polyembryony due to fusion of two ovules, and euploid polyembryony may account for a few twins. Sporophytic and cleavage polyembryony appear to be relatively unimportant.

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Development and Release of the Novel Near-oblate Butternuttype Squash Variety `Butterbowl'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.472g ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 472g-473

Author(s):

D.P. Coyne ◽

J.M. Reiser ◽

D. Smith ◽

L. Sutton ◽

D. Lindgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

The Novel ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

True Breeding ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Plant Habit ◽

Winter Squash

`Butterbowl' (NE-RBN-4) is a novel, small-sized (0.8 to 1.36 kg), flavorful (sweet), early maturing (90–95 days), near-oblate butternut type winter squash variety (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex Poir). No Butternut squash variety is similar in shape to `Butterbowl'. `Butterbowl' (S6) was derived from selfing a near-oblate open-pollinated S4 line derived from a cross of two true breeding crookneck lines (allelic test) NE-BNCR-67-1-7 (mutant out of `Butternut 23') X golden Cushaw (Agway Co.). Total fruit yield and fruit weight of `Butterbowl' were nearly similar to Butternut `Ponca'. The total fruit weight of'Waltham' was greater than `Butterbowl' in two out of four trials. The vining habit of `Butterbowl' (1.7 to 2.0 m) is more compact than `Waltham' or `Ponca'. `Butterbowl' is suitable for small gardens with limited space due to its compact plant habit. No crookneck fruit developed in `Butterbowl' in all tests. `Butterbowl' is resistant to bacterial spot, black fruit rot, and vine borer while it is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew. `Butterbowl' fruit should be used for consumption up to 45 to 55 days after harvest because slight fruit shriveling occurs at that time due to moisture loss. The fruit cooks uniformally in a microwave oven due to its more uniform flesh thickness.

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Identify of a Mutated Gene for Strong Awns in a Colchicine‐Induced True‐Breeding Mutant in Sorghum 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1961.0011183x000100020022x ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 156-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. G. Ross ◽

A. E. Foster ◽

C. J. Franzke

Keyword(s):

True Breeding

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Photodynamic inactivation to control Xanthomonas gardneri in tomato seeds

Tropical Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s40858-021-00435-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Flávia de Souza Ferreira ◽

Nilvanira Donizete Tebaldi ◽

Carlos Alberto de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Inactivation ◽

Tomato Seeds

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Alien introgression and morpho-agronomic characterization of diploid progenies of Solanum lycopersicoides monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) toward pre-breeding applications in tomato (S. lycopersicum)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-020-03758-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Puneet Kaur Mangat ◽

Junghyun Shim ◽

Ritchel B. Gannaban ◽

Joshua J. Singleton ◽

Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Complement ◽

Introgression Lines ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Tomato Breeding ◽

Chromosome Segments ◽

Alien Addition Lines

Abstract Key message Alien introgressions that were captured in the genome of diploid plants segregating from progenies of monosomic alien addition lines of S. lycopersicoides confer novel phenotypes with commercial and agronomic value in tomato breeding. Abstract Solanum lycopersicoides is a wild relative of tomato with a natural adaptation to a wide array of biotic and abiotic challenges. In this study, we identified and characterized diploid plants segregating from the progenies of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) of S. lycopersicoides to establish their potential as donors in breeding for target trait improvement in tomato. Molecular genotyping identified 28 of 38 MAAL progenies having the complete chromosome complement of the cultivated tomato parent and limited chromosome introgressions from the wild S. lycopersicoides parent. Analysis of SSR and indel marker profiles identified 34 unique alien introgressions in the 28 MAAL-derived introgression lines (MDILs) in the genetic background of tomato. Conserved patterns of alien introgressions were detected among sibs of MDILs 2, 3, 4 and 8. Across MDILs, a degree of preferential transmission of specific chromosome segments was also observed. Morphologically, the MDILs closely resembled the cultivated tomato more than S. lycopersicoides. The appearance of novel phenotypes in the MDILs that are lacking in the cultivated parent or the source MAALs indicates the capture of novel genetic variation by the diploid introgression lines that can add commercial and agronomic value to tomato. In particular, screening of representative MDILs for drought tolerance at the vegetative stage identified MDIL 2 and MDIL 11III as drought tolerant based on visual scoring. A regulated increase in stomatal conductance of MDIL 2 under drought stress indicates better water use efficiency that allowed it to survive for 7 days under 0% moisture level.

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Experimental studies to identify ultraviolet radiation impact on tomato seeds ‘Rozoviy Novichok” seeding quality

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/659/1/012035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 659 (1) ◽

pp. 012035

Author(s):

N E Ponomareva ◽

G V Stepanchuk ◽

N N Gracheva ◽

I V Yudaev ◽

N N Yakovenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Tomato Seeds

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Chromosomal Map of the Model LegumeLotus japonicus

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.4.1661 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (4) ◽

pp. 1661-1672 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrea Pedrosa ◽

Niels Sandal ◽

Jens Stougaard ◽

Dieter Schweizer ◽

Andreas Bachmair

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Bac Clones ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Chromosomal Map

AbstractLotus japonicus is a model plant for the legume family. To facilitate map-based cloning approaches and genome analysis, we performed an extensive characterization of the chromosome complement of the species. A detailed karyotype of L. japonicus Gifu was built and plasmid and BAC clones, corresponding to genetically mapped markers (see the accompanying article by Sandal et al. 2002, this issue), were used for FISH to correlate genetic and chromosomal maps. Hybridization of DNA clones from 32 different genomic regions enabled the assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes, the comparison between genetic and physical distances throughout the genome, and the partial characterization of different repetitive sequences, including telomeric and centromeric repeats. Additional analysis of L. filicaulis and its F1 hybrid with L. japonicus demonstrated the occurrence of inversions between these closely related species, suggesting that these chromosome rearrangements are early events in speciation of this group.

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Ribosomal DNA localization on Lathyrus species chromosomes by FISH

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-020-00075-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hoda B. M. Ali ◽

Samira A. Osman

Keyword(s):

Genome Mapping ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Rdna Locus ◽

5S Rrna ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

45S Rdna ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Lathyrus Odoratus ◽

5S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) played an essential role to locate the ribosomal RNA genes on the chromosomes that offered a new tool to study the chromosome structure and evolution in plant. The 45S and 5S rRNA genes are independent and localized at one or more loci per the chromosome complement, their positions along chromosomes offer useful markers for chromosome discriminations. In the current study FISH has been performed to locate 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the chromosomes of nine Lathyrus species belong to five different sections, all have chromosome number 2n=14, Lathyrus gorgoni Parl, Lathyrus hirsutus L., Lathyrus amphicarpos L., Lathyrus odoratus L., Lathyrus sphaericus Retz, Lathyrus incospicuus L, Lathyrus paranensis Burkart, Lathyrus nissolia L., and Lathyrus articulates L. Results The revealed loci of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH on metaphase chromosomes of the examined species were as follow: all of the studied species have one 45S rDNA locus and one 5S rDNA locus except L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L. and L. sphaericus Retz L. have two loci of 5S rDNA. Three out of the nine examined species have the loci of 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the opposite arms of the same chromosome (L. nissolia L., L. amphicarpos L., and L. incospicuus L.), while L. hirsutus L. has both loci on the same chromosome arm. The other five species showed the loci of the two types of rDNA on different chromosomes. Conclusion The detected 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Lathyrus could be used as chromosomal markers to discriminate the chromosome pairs of the examined species. FISH could discriminate only one chromosome pair out of the seven pairs in three species, in L. hirsutus L., L. nissolia L. and L. incospicuus L., and two chromosome pairs in five species, in L. paranensis Burkart, L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L., L. gorgoni Parl. and L. articulatus L., while it could discriminate three chromosome pairs in L. sphaericus Retz. these results could contribute into the physical genome mapping of Lathyrus species and the evolution of rDNA patterns by FISH in the coming studies in future.

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Effect of Spaceflight on Tomato Seed Quality and Biochemical Characteristics of Mature Plants

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7050089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Elena Dzhos ◽

Nadezhda Golubkina ◽

Marina Antoshkina ◽

Irina Kondratyeva ◽

Andrew Koshevarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Space Station ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Genetic Modifications ◽

Total Antioxidant

Intensive space exploration includes profound investigations on the effect of weightlessness and cosmic radiation on plant growth and development. Tomato seeds are often used in such experiments though up to date the results have given rather vague information about biochemical changes in mature plants grown from seeds subjected to spaceflight. The effect of half a year of storage in the International Space Station (ISS) on tomato seeds (cultivar Podmoskovny ranny) was studied by analyzing the biochemical characteristics and mineral content of mature plants grown from these seeds both in greenhouse and field conditions. A significant increase was recorded in ascorbic acid, polyphenol and carotenoid contents, and total antioxidant activity (AOA), with higher changes in the field conditions compared to greenhouse. Contrary to control plants, the ones derived from space-stored seeds demonstrated a significant decrease in root AOA. The latter plants also showed a higher yield, but lower content of fruit dry matter, sugars, total dissolved solids and organic acids. The fruits of plants derived from space-stored seeds demonstrated decreased levels of Fe, Cu and taste index. The described results reflect the existence of oxidative stress in mature tomato plants as a long-term consequence of the effect of spaceflight on seed quality, whereas the higher yield may be attributed to genetic modifications.

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