Evaluation of on-farm crop management decisions on canola productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Lee Poppy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Farm Crop ◽  
On Farm

Liu, C., Gan, Y. and Poppy, L. 2014. Evaluation of on-farm crop management decisions on canola productivity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 131–139. This study determined key factors affecting canola productivity in western Canada and evaluated the differences among soil-climatic zones in canola crops responding to the key agronomic factors. A total of 68 canola farm fields were randomly selected in western Canada, and multiple correspondence analysis, coupled with multivariate predictive model with partial least squares projection and regressions, was used to analyze the data set. Canola produced in Alberta averaged 2500 kg ha−1, and was 23% greater than canola produced in southern Saskatchewan, 10% greater than canola produced in northern Saskatchewan, and 59% greater than canola produced in Manitoba. Canola produced on chem-fallow averaged 2557 kg ha−1, and was 17% greater than canola grown on cereal stubble, or 43% greater than canola grown on pea/lentil, corn stubble. Canola grown on canola stubble produced 54% of the seed yield as canola grown on cereal stubble, or 46% of the seed yield as canola grown on chem-fallow. Shallow and earlier seeding with narrow row spacing increased canola seed yields consistently. Canola receiving K fertilizer increased seed yield by an average of 25% compared with those receiving no K fertilizer. Straight combine resulted in 500 kg ha−1 or 24% more seed yield than conventional swath-combine method. Those key factors may serve as the first-hand information in the development of sound guidelines for less experienced canola producers in western Canada.

Rates of yield gain of hard red spring wheat in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian B. Thomas ◽  
Robert J. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
New Cultivars

Thomas, J. B. and Graf, R. J. 2014. Rates of yield gain of hard red spring wheat in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1–13. The Manitoba and Saskatchewan Seed Guides dating back to 1972 represent an unused source of yield comparisons to re-examine current progress in western Canadian spring wheat cultivar yields. Adjusting for the shift in check cultivars over time showed that the yield rise due to new cultivars could be divided into two periods. Prior to the early 1990s, yields rose at a rate of about 0.33% per year; these low early rates agree with other published estimates from this period and were possibly influenced by a strong emphasis on replicating the quality of previous cultivars. From the early 1990s to 2013, yields rose by about 0.7% per year; this doubling of the earlier rate was significant based on the non-overlap of confidence intervals of comparable slopes. To compare rates published in the literature with these new rates, all slopes were adjusted to a common benchmark where mean yield = 100%. Following these adjustments, current rates in western Canada (about 0.67% per year) were comparable with a world average estimated to be about 0.62% per year. Variation in performance among Canada Western Red Spring cultivars based on the Seed Guides was significantly correlated with their on-farm yields based on Manitoba Management Plus Program (MMPP) crop insurance data (r = 0.81, n = 42). Beginning in 1991, on-farm yields rose by an average of about 1.4% per year both in Manitoba (Manitoba Management Plus Program data) and across the entire western wheat area (Statistics Canada data). This compares favorably with a world-wide rate of yield increase for wheat since 1991 of 1.16% per year. Although western Canadian on-farm yield gains were attributed to a combination of new cultivars and upgraded agronomy, the two influences were not separable in the Manitoba crop insurance data set. Opinions published in the farming press that rates of yield gain among western Canadian wheat cultivars are comparatively low were not supported by the evidence presented here.

scholarly journals Effects of management decisions on genetic evaluation of simulated calving records using random regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D MacNeil ◽  
J W Buchanan ◽  
M L Spangler ◽  
E Hay
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Binary Phenotype ◽  
Random Regression Model ◽  
Missing Observation

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various data structures on the genetic evaluation for the binary phenotype of reproductive success. The data were simulated based on an existing pedigree and an underlying fertility phenotype with a heritability of 0.10. A data set of complete observations was generated for all cows. This data set was then modified mimicking the culling of cows when they first failed to reproduce, cows having a missing observation at either their second or fifth opportunity to reproduce as if they had been selected as donors for embryo transfer, and censoring records following the sixth opportunity to reproduce as in a cull-for-age strategy. The data were analyzed using a third order polynomial random regression model. The EBV of interest for each animal was the sum of the age-specific EBV over the first 10 observations (reproductive success at ages 2-11). Thus, the EBV might be interpreted as the genetic expectation of number of calves produced when a female is given ten opportunities to calve. Culling open cows resulted in the EBV for 3 year-old cows being reduced from 8.27 ± 0.03 when open cows were retained to 7.60 ± 0.02 when they were culled. The magnitude of this effect decreased as cows grew older when they first failed to reproduce and were subsequently culled. Cows that did not fail over the 11 years of simulated data had an EBV of 9.43 ± 0.01 and 9.35 ± 0.01 based on analyses of the complete data and the data in which cows that failed to reproduce were culled, respectively. Cows that had a missing observation for their second record had a significantly reduced EBV, but the corresponding effect at the fifth record was negligible. The current study illustrates that culling and management decisions, and particularly those that impact the beginning of the trajectory of sustained reproductive success, can influence both the magnitude and accuracy of resulting EBV.

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

Evaluation of locations for testing dry bean cultivars in western Canada using statistical procedures, biological interpretation and multiple traits

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saindon ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
High Level

Genotype × environment (GE) effects in regional registration trials for dry beans in western Canada were studied to determine whether geographic distribution of sites could be rationalized. The structure of the GE effects on the maturity, seed weight and seed yield of seven dry bean check cultivars grown at eight locations during 4 yr was investigated using GE mean squares decomposition, cluster analysis and the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method. The analyses revealed a high level of redundancy in the locations which suggested that most GE effects can be captured with fewer testing sites. The partition of the GE mean squares demonstrated the possibility of reproducing the GE structure of the entire data sets with as few as three sites; however, more locations may be needed to compensate for unpredictable environmental effects. Based on biological interpretation of groupings and visual assessment of the AMMI displays, a five-location set fully represented the GE effects on maturity, seed weight and seed yield and accounted for the inconsistent clustering of the Brooks site for the three traits. Also, the set should allow for site losses due to unpredictable environmental events. The dry bean industry in western Canada is expanding to non-traditional growing areas and the establishment of trials in these areas should be considered as they may create GE effects not considered to date. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., genotype × environment interactions, cluster analysis, AMMI analysis

First report of redbacked cutworm damage to cow cockle [Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert], a potential new crop for western Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Willenborg ◽  
Lloyd Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
First Report ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster ◽  
Redbacked Cutworm ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Strong Linear Relationship

Willenborg, C. J. and Dosdall, L. M. 2011. First report of redbacked cutworm damage to cow cockle [ Vaccaria hispanica(Mill.) Rauschert], a potential new crop for western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 425–428. We report the effects of redbacked cutworm Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) on cow cockle [Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert] plant height, seed yield, and 1000-seed weight (TSW). Euxoa ochrogaster damage to plots varied considerably among genotypes, with some genotypes exhibiting <10% damage and others >45%. Seed yield also varied significantly among genotypes and exhibited a strong linear relationship with the extent of E. ochrogaster damage. This is the first known report of any insect pest feeding on cow cockle. Results suggest that E. ochrogaster has the potential to cause significant losses in cow cockle crops.

scholarly journals Liquidity Risk Management in Banking Sector under the Shadow of Systematic Risk and Economic Dynamics in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
Hafiz Waqas Kamran ◽  
Dr. Abdelnaser Omran ◽  
Dr. Shamsul Bahrain bin Mohamed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
World Development Indicator ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this present study is to investigate the impact of systematic risk and economic dynamics on liquidity reserve of banking firms in Pakistan. Data for stock return and market return is collected from Data stream, while for all other factors World Development Indicator (WDI) database is selected. The findings of Pooled Regression have suggested that Liquidity Reserves for overall banking Industry of Pakistan significantly affect by Systematic Risk and Key Economic Dynamics. Panel data Models are applied to check whether there is cross sectional heterogeneity in selected financial firms or not. The study period consists of last 15 years 2001-15, due to the availability of the data set. Moreover, other economic indicators like Lending Interest Rate and Inflation can be under observation for the future studies. As per the best perception of researchers, this is the first study in this context, addressing the Liquidity Management and selected key factors.

Conquest summer rape

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
G. R. Stringam ◽  
D. F. Degenhardt ◽  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
V. K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Canola Quality ◽  
High Seed Yield

Conquest is a Roundup-ready canola quality Brassica napus cultivar adapted to the canola-growing areas in western Canada. It has high seed yield, high oil content, good lodging resistance, excellent resistance to blackleg disease, and is superior in all these traits to the average of AC Excel, Defender and Legacy. Key words: Rape (summer), cultivar description, yield, blackleg resistant, Roundup Ready, lodging resistant

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