Comparison of sequential preemergence-postemergence and postemergence-alone weed management strategies for red beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Darren E. Robinson; Kristen E. McNaughton; David Bilyea

doi:10.4141/cjps2012-327

Comparison of sequential preemergence-postemergence and postemergence-alone weed management strategies for red beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 863-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darren E. Robinson ◽

Kristen E. McNaughton ◽

David Bilyea

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Sequential Treatment ◽

Weed Species ◽

Red Beet ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Sequential Treatments

Robinson, D. E., McNaughton, K. E. and Bilyea, D. 2013. Comparison of sequential preemergence-postemergence and postemergence-alone weed management strategies during critical period of red beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 863–870. Weed management during the first 4 wk after red beet emergence is critical to prevent yield loss. The purpose of this research was to compare weed control and red beet tolerance of postemergence (POST) treatments alone (full, split- and micro-rates of pyrazon plus triflusulfuron) with sequential preemergence (PRE) applications of s-metolachlor followed by these POST herbicide treatments. The experiment was carried out for 4 yr as a randomized complete block with four replications. Of the POST alone treatments examined, control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and green foxtail [Setaria viridis L. (Beauv.)] was 98, 86, 97 and 62%, respectively. Much more consistent control of all species (i.e., greater than 96%) was measured where the sequential treatment of s-metolachlor was applied PRE followed by POST split- or micro-rates in all study years. Red beet density and soluble solid levels were not different than the weed-free check in any of the POST or sequential treatments. However, red beet yield in the POST single and split-rate treatments alone ranged from 9500 to 12100 kg ha−1, and was significantly less than in the weed-free check (19400 kg ha−1). Yields in the sequential treatments were comparable to the weed-free check. The results of this study confirm that a sequential treatment of PRE s-metolachlor followed by POST split- and micro-rate applications of pyrazon plus triflusulfuron can be safely applied to red beet and control annual weed species.

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Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1492 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 1492-1494 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darren E. Robinson ◽

Kristen McNaughton ◽

Nader Soltani

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Field Trials ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Weed Species ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Excellent Control

Pepper growers currently have limited access to many effective broadleaf herbicides. Field trials were conducted over a 3-year period in Ontario to study the effect of tank mixtures of sulfentrazone (100 or 200 g·ha−1 a.i.) with either s-metolachlor (1200 or 2400 g·ha−1 a.i.) or dimethenamid-p (750 or 1500 g·ha−1 a.i.) on transplanted bell pepper. Under weed-free conditions, there was no visual injury or reduction in plant height, fruit number, fruit size, or marketable yield of transplanted pepper with pretransplant applications of sulfentrazone applied in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor or dimethenamid-p. The tank mixture of sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor gave greater than 85% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), but only 70% to 76% control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The combination of sulfentrazone + dimethenamid-p provided good to excellent control of all weed species except velvetleaf. Based on this study, sulfentrazone and dimethenamid-p have potential for minor use registration in pepper.

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Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Nebojša Nikolić ◽

Donato Loddo ◽

Roberta Masin

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Field Quantity ◽

Crop Fields ◽

No Till

Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.

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Biological Parameters for Germination of Selected Summer Weed Species: First Step to Transfer the Hydrothermal Model Alertinf to Croatia

10.20944/preprints202101.0165.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valentina Šoštarčić ◽

Roberta Masin ◽

Donato Loddo ◽

Ema Brijačak ◽

Maja Šćepanović

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Weed Species ◽

Time Model ◽

Emergence Patterns ◽

Base Water Potential

The efficacy of weed management depends on the correct control timing according to the seedling emergence dynamics. Since soil temperature and soil moisture are two main factors that determine weed germination, the hydrothermal time model can be used to predict their emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (Ψb) for germination of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria pumila and Panicum capillare collected from fields in continental Croatia and then to compare these values with those of Italian populations embedded in the AlertInf model. Germination tests were performed at seven constant temperatures (ranging from 4 to 27°C) and eight water potentials (0.00 to - 1.00 MPa). Estimated Tb and Ψb were 3.4°C, -1.38 MPa for C. album, 13.9°C, -0.36 MPa for A. retroflexus, 6.6°C, -0.71 MPa for S. pumila and 11.0°C, -0.87 MPa for P. capillare, respectively. According to the criterion of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals, only Tb of C. album, and Ψb of A. retroflexus were similar between Croatian and Italian populations. Further field experiments should be conducted in the Croatian field to monitor weed emergence patterns of C. album and to calibrate the AlerInf equation parameters.

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Control of Three Weed Species in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with an Electrical Discharge System

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450002590x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. G. Wilson ◽

F. N. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Electrical Discharge ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Studies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Kochia Scoparia ◽

Discharge System ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Redroot Pigweed

An electrical discharge system (EDS) was evaluated in field studies conducted in 1977 through 1979 in western Nebraska for its ability to control weed escapes in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′). Nine weeks after sugarbeets were planted, kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] had attained a height above sugarbeets sufficient for EDS treatment. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) generally attained sufficient height above sugarbeets 11 and 13 weeks after sugarbeet planting. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced 40, 20, and 10% from competition by kochia, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed, respectively. Treatment of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters with EDS in some cases resulted in a reduction in weed height. The EDS treatments reduced the stand of all weeds 32, 39, and 47% for 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively. Although the EDS treatments failed to kill many weeds, it did suppress the competitive ability of the three weeds to the extent that sugarbeet yields were higher in areas receiving EDS treatments than areas receiving no EDS treatment.

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Changes in weed infestations on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) cultivated on black soil near Wrocław in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1647 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Krzysztof Domaradzki ◽

Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Weed Species ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Frequent Species

Field studies were carried out in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012 on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris). During this period, 542 phytosociological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 46 weed species were found. In 1989–1995, the occurrence of 36 segetal species was reported. The highest cover indices were determined for Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Galium aparine, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Elymus repens were the dominant species, as well. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence revealed one constant species (Chenopodium album), two frequent species (Amaranthus retroflexus and Galium aparine), and two medium-frequent species (Echinochloa crus-galli and Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora).In 2006–2012, the occurrence of 40 weed species on the sugar beet plantations was recorded. The plantations were clearly dominated by Chenopodium album, accompanied by Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. lapathifolium. Other dominant species comprised Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, and Fallopia convolvulus. The Chenopodium album was a constant component of the sugar beet plantations. In turn, no frequent species were observed and six medium-frequent species were found (Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Capsella bursa-pastoris).Noteworthy, the presence of previously unreported species, e.g., Abutilon theophrasti, Hyoscyamus niger, or Artemisia vulgaris, was revealed. These species are rare components in sugar beet crops. A reverse phenomenon, i.e., the disappearance of some species such as Euphorbia helioscopia, Malva neglecta, Rumex acetosella, Sinapis arvensis, or Sisymbrium officinale, was also observed.

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The Basis for Selectivity of Root-Applied Ethofumesate in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500062317 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 191-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David N. Duncan ◽

William F. Meggitt ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Nutrient Culture

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) were studied as possible bases for selectivity of preemergence-applied ethofumesate. The sensitive redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters plants translocated more 14C-ethofumesate from nutrient culture to the leaf tissue than did the tolerant sugarbeet and common ragweed. The radioactivity was more highly concentrated in sugarbeet and common ragweed roots. The rapid metabolism of ethofumesate by sugarbeet and common ragweed, particularly that which accumulated in the leaf tissue, appeared related to tolerance.

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Germination traits of three weed species in Kosovo

Web Ecology ◽

10.5194/we-10-15-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Mehmeti ◽

A. Demaj ◽

R. Waldhardt

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Germination Behaviour ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Germination Experiments ◽

Germination Traits

Abstract. Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Datura stramonium are the most important weed species in Kosovo. They cause severe yield depression, contaminate fodder and negatively affect growth and reproduction of other weed species. To counteract these problems, specific strategies need to be developed. Such strategies should consider information on species germination traits. In this context, our study provides information on temperature requirements for germination. Seeds of A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli and D. stramonium were harvested in two sub-regions of Kosovo (western and eastern parts) differing in climate and land use. They were set for germination experiments in growth chambers at temperatures ranging from 3 to 35 °C and under field conditions. In both experiments, the germination rate differed between species and provenances. In the growth chamber experiment, germination of all three species was negligible below 15 °C and reached the highest rates between 24 and 30 °C. Seeds originating from the western part of Kosovo had higher germination rates and required a lower temperature for germination than seeds originating from the eastern part. In the field experiment, the time-dependent germination behaviour of D. stramonium differed between provenances. In general, germination started when soil temperature was above 18 °C and continued as long as the soil was moist. The results are discussed in the context of the need to develop weed management strategies against these weeds in Kosovo.

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Weed Identification in Maize, Sunflower, and Potatoes with the Aid of Convolutional Neural Networks

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12244185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4185

Author(s):

Gerassimos G. Peteinatos ◽

Philipp Reichel ◽

Jeremy Karouta ◽

Dionisio Andújar ◽

Roland Gerhards

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Convolutional Neural Networks ◽

Weed Management ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides

The increasing public concern about food security and the stricter rules applied worldwide concerning herbicide use in the agri-food chain, reduce consumer acceptance of chemical plant protection. Site-Specific Weed Management can be achieved by applying a treatment only on the weed patches. Crop plants and weeds identification is a necessary component for various aspects of precision farming in order to perform on the spot herbicide spraying or robotic weeding and precision mechanical weed control. During the last years, a lot of different methods have been proposed, yet more improvements need to be made on this problem, concerning speed, robustness, and accuracy of the algorithms and the recognition systems. Digital cameras and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been rapidly developed in the past few years, providing new methods and tools also in agriculture and weed management. In the current work, images gathered by an RGB camera of Zea mays, Helianthus annuus, Solanum tuberosum, Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Avena fatua, Chenopodium album, Lamium purpureum, Matricaria chamomila, Setaria spp., Solanum nigrum and Stellaria media were provided to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Three different CNNs, namely VGG16, ResNet–50, and Xception, were adapted and trained on a pool of 93,000 images. The training images consisted of images with plant material with only one species per image. A Top-1 accuracy between 77% and 98% was obtained in plant detection and weed species discrimination, on the testing of the images.

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Genetic Variation of Amaranthus Retroflexus L. and Chenopodium Album L. Suggests Multiple Independent Introductions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-415316/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiva Hamidzadeh Moghadam ◽

Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim ◽

Mehdi Mohebodini ◽

Dana R. MacGregor ◽

Te-Ming Tseng

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Weed Species ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Traits

Abstract Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album ‎L. ‎are invasive plants that globally cause severe ecological and economic damage. In this ‎study, we collected‏ DNA from ‏populations of these highly successful invaders from three ‎countries and assessed genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Both weed species showed low genetic ‎diversity within a population and high genetic diversity among populations (GST = 0.82), and the value of gene flow among the populations was low (Nm = 0.1). Both UPGMA ‎clustering and principal coordinate analysis indicated the existence of four distinct groups for ‎A. retroflexus L. and C. album L., however these groups do not correlate with geographic ‎origin. The high levels of genetic diversity observed among populations indicates that ‎each population was individually introduced, probably through human activity. This‎ knowledge helps to guide weed management and control strategies for field populations of these two prominent invasive weeds ‎as it demonstrates each population must be considered separately and suggests they are ‎armed with a considerable variety of genetic traits that could be used to avoid management ‎practices.

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Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Panagiotis Kanatas ◽

Ioannis Gazoulis ◽

Ilias Travlos

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Stand Density ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Irrigation is an agronomic practice of major importance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), especially in the semiarid environments of Southern Europe. Field experimentation was conducted in Western Greece (2016–2018) to evaluate the effects of irrigation timing on weed presence, alfalfa yield performance, and forage quality. In a randomized complete block design (four replications), two cultivars (“Ypati 84” and “Hyliki”) were the main plots, while three irrigation timings were the subplots (split-plot). The irrigation timings were IT-1, IT-2, and IT-3, denoting irrigation 1 week before harvest, 1 week after harvest, and 2 weeks after harvest, respectively. IT-1 reduced Solanum nigrum L. density by 54% and 79% as compared to IT-3 and IT-2, respectively. Chenopodium album L. density was the highest under IT-2. IT-3 resulted in 41% lower Amaranthus retroflexus L. density in comparison to IT-2, while the lowest values were observed under IT-1. Stand density and stems·plant−1 varied between years (p ≤ 0.05). Mass·stem−1 and alfalfa forage yield were affected by the irrigation timings (p ≤ 0.001). Total weed density and forage yield were negatively correlated in both the second (R2 = 87.013%) and the fourth (R2 = 82.691%) harvests. IT-1 and IT-3 increased forage yield, leaf per stem ratio, and crude protein as compared to IT-2. Further research is required to utilize the use of cultural practices for weed management in perennial forages under different soil and climatic conditions.

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