Review: Nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and its affecting factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bataung Mokhele ◽  
Xianjin Zhan ◽  
Guozheng Yang ◽  
Xianlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Related Process

Mokhele, B., Zhan, X., Yang, G. and Zhang, X. 2012. Review: Nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and its affecting factors. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 399–405. In this review we discuss mainly nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and factors affecting the related process. Nitrogen is a major macro-element limiting the growth and development of plants in agriculture. Both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen are metabolized in plants; nitrate and ammonia in soil are common forms of inorganic nitrogen that can be metabolized in all plants. There are other nitrogen forms, which include amino acids, nitrite and urea, that are metabolized in plants. Metabolism normally starts with reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and the latter further reduces to form ammonium with the presence of relevant enzymes. This reaction occurs more rapidly in leaves in the presence of light. After ammonia is formed, it enters into the biosynthetic pathways of plant cells, such as reductive amination and transpiration, to produce different amino acids. Amino acids in cells take part in the synthesis of protein and other nitrogenous compounds that help in body building. Radiation, gaseous factors, the presence of metals, soil pH and amount of nitrate are some of the environmental factors affecting absorption and reduction of nitrogen in plants. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the assimilation process by crop plants of nitrogen and recommends that favorable surrounding conditions are the prerequisites for plants to absorb and utilize nitrogen efficiently.

Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in marine bacteria: Nitrogen assimilation in some marine pseudomon

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Brown ◽  
Deborah S. Macdonald-Brown ◽  
S. O. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Glutamic Dehydrogenase

Twelve strains of psychrophilic, marine pseudomonads which grew readily on nitrate or a mixture ofamino acids, were tested for their content of the enzymes glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH). All strains contained GOGAT activity when grown on nitrate and GDH when grown on amino acids. In all strains tested the synthesis of GOGAT was repressed by growth on amino acids and derepressed by growth on nitrate.

Gastrointestinal Interaction between Dietary Amino Acids and Gut Microbiota: With Special Emphasis on Host Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abedin Abdallah ◽  
Evera Elemba ◽  
Qingzhen Zhong ◽  
Zewei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals is host to a complex community of different microorganisms whose activities significantly influence host nutrition and health through enhanced metabolic capabilities, protection against pathogens, and regulation of the gastrointestinal development and immune system. New molecular technologies and concepts have revealed distinct interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary amino acids (AAs) especially in relation to AA metabolism and utilization in resident bacteria in the digestive tract, and these interactions may play significant roles in host nutrition and health as well as the efficiency of dietary AA supplementation. After the protein is digested and AAs and peptides are absorbed in the small intestine, significant levels of endogenous and exogenous nitrogenous compounds enter the large intestine through the ileocaecal junction. Once they move in the colonic lumen, these compounds are not markedly absorbed by the large intestinal mucosa, but undergo intense proteolysis by colonic microbiota leading to the release of peptides and AAs and result in the production of numerous bacterial metabolites such as ammonia, amines, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), hydrogen sulfide, organic acids, and phenols. These metabolites influence various signaling pathways in epithelial cells, regulate the mucosal immune system in the host, and modulate gene expression of bacteria which results in the synthesis of enzymes associated with AA metabolism. This review aims to summarize the current literature relating to how the interactions between dietary amino acids and gut microbiota may promote host nutrition and health.

On the Nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton IV. The forms of nitrogen excreted By Calanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. S. Corner ◽  
B. S. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Long Island Sound ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
Experimental Density ◽  
Island Sound ◽  
Calanus Helgolandicus

A study has been made of the nitrogenous compounds excreted by Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) collected at Plymouth.Most of the excreted nitrogen is in the form of ammonia which accounts for 60–100% (average 74.3%) of the total, and some of the remainder may be lost as urea. There is no evidence for the excretion of measurable amounts of amino acids.Whether the animals are starved or fed they are primarily ammonotelic, and the quantity of ammonia produced at 10° C (3.33 μg/g. dry body wt/day) is not significantly changed when the animals are used at an abnormally high experimental density. This latter condition does, however, lead to the production of large quantities of additional nitrogenous substances that give a positive reaction with ninhydrin.IntroductionThe amounts of nitrogen excreted by zooplankton have been measured by several workers. Harris (1959) used the method of Riley (1953) to estimate the copious quantities of ammonia produced by animals (mainly Acartia tonsa and A. clausi) collected from Long Island Sound; Beers (1964), in laboratory experiments with the chaetognath Sagitta hispida, estimated the excreted ammonia by the procedure of Kruse & Mellon (1952); and Corner, Cowey & Marshall (1965) determined the ammonia excreted by Calanus helgolandicus and C. finmarchicus, using a ninhydrin technique described by Moore & Stein (1954). The methods employed by Harris and by Beers are specific for ammonia: that used by Corner et al. estimates nitrogenous substances (e.g. amino acids) in addition to ammonia, but certain tests were made which seemed to exclude the possibility that these substances contributed significantly to the nitrogen excreted by the animals.

scholarly journals Pemodelan Kasus DBD di Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan Metode Data Panel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Annisa Dwinda Shafira
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression

The combination of panel data regression consist of time series data, it was collected based on a characteristic at a certain time (cross section). This research aimed to analyze the affecting factors and dominant factors of Dengue Hemoragic Fever (DHF) cases in East Java using panel data regression. This research uses secondary data published by the East Java Provincial Health Office, namely the Health Profile and the East Java Provincial Statistics Agency such as documents of each Districts/City in Numbers of East Java on 2014––2017 using total research population that were collected in all districts/cities in East Java Province. The data of new cases of DHF and factors affecting the incidence of DHF including clean and healthy living behavior in the household, poverty, population density, rainfall in East Java on 2014––2017. Panel regression analysis is used to determine the best model of the CEM, FEM and REM using Chow test, Hausman test and Langrange Multiplier test. Based on the results, the best model of panel regression is FEM with affecting variables such as poverty, population density, and rainfall.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Success of Construction Projects in Gaza Strip

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Tayeh ◽  
Khalid Al Hallaq ◽  
Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽  
Ahmed Reyad Kuhail
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Palestinian Economy

Background: The construction sector is the main pillar in the Palestinian economy, where the Qatari Grant projects form the largest part of the construction projects spent in Gaza Strip. Objective: This research aims to improve the performance of all parties involved in the Qatari projects by identifying the factors of success and revising the factors of failure dominating the construction projects in Gaza strip. Methods: This study was carried out through distributing ninety-three questionnaires to the contracting companies working in Qatari grant projects, the consulting offices supervising Qatari grant projects, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, and the Qatari committee. Results: The study found that the most affecting factors are: the clear scope of the project, the experience of the design team, the experience of the contractor, closure of crossing points, the highly qualified technical staff, the availability of funding, the mechanism of payments, reputation of the contractor, delay in obtaining fund and sufficient time for design. Conclusion: The results have led to several recommendations aimed to achieve the success of construction projects in general and Qatari projects in Gaza Strip in particular. These are: the need to give sufficient time to design, sufficient consideration of all proposals, the inclusion of all parties in the design phase, studying the surrounding circumstances, identifying alternatives to materials to be used instead of others, and the need to employing a highly experienced technical team and conducting training courses. In addition, the contractor's interest in delivering a high-quality work that satisfies all parties must be taken into consideration.

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