Simulated hail damage and yield reduction in lentil

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bueckert
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hail Damage ◽  
Quadratic Models

Bueckert, R. A. 2011. Simulated hail damage and yield reduction in lentil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 117–124. The severity of crop damage by hail is frequently estimated using equations derived from controlled experiments, but this approach has not been extended to the indeterminate pulse crop lentil (Lens culinaris L.). The objective was to simulate hail damage on two lentil cultivars, and estimate yield reduction for use in the Crop Insurance Industry. Hail damage was simulated by controlled canopy crushing on two cultivars, CDC Blaze and CDC Sedley at 4 location-years in Saskatchewan in 2006 and 2007. Plots received simulated damage as the untreated control (0%), 30, 60 or 90% canopy height reduction by crushing at each of four growth stages: vegetative, early flowering, pod-filling, and physiological maturity. As damage intensity increased from 0 to 90%, yield decreased in both cultivars. Most yield reduction (>65%) was seen when damage occurred in reproductive growth. Yield reduction for lentil damaged in vegetative growth was described by linear models, and the reproductive stages by quadratic models. The equations will help improve hail damage assessment in lentil on the Northern Great Plains.

Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Imidazolinone Herbicide Applied at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laura Jefferies ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Bunyamin Tar'an
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Node Development ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

POST broadleaf weed control options in chickpea are very limited on the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Saskatchewan to evaluate the response of chickpea cultivars to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides applied at different growth stages. Conventional cultivars ‘CDC Luna’ and ‘CDC Corinne’ were compared with IMI-resistant cultivars ‘CDC Alma’ and ‘CDC Cory’. Treatments comprised a combination of imazethapyr + imazamox herbicides at 30 and 60 g ai ha−1(1× and 2× rates, respectively) applied at the 2 to 4-, 5 to 8-, and 9 to 12-node growth stages. Visual injury estimates were > 50% for CDC Luna and CDC Corinne for all growth stage applications. Conventional cultivars also experienced height reduction and decreased rate of node development compared with the nontreated controls. Flowering and maturity of CDC Luna and CDC Corinne were delayed for herbicide applications at all growth stages; however, application at the 9 to 12-node stage caused the most severe delay. All treatments of IMI herbicide caused yield reduction in the conventional cultivars in 2013. In contrast, IMI-resistant cultivars CDC Alma and CDC Cory demonstrated no negative response at any growth stage of IMI herbicide application. Visual injury estimates were negligible, and height, node development, days to flowering, maturity, and yield did not differ significantly between IMI-treated plants and the respective controls. These results demonstrated the potential of in-crop use of IMI herbicide on resistant chickpea cultivars to control broadleaf weeds.

scholarly journals Effects of simulated hail damage, and foliar-applied recovery treatments, on growth and grain yield of wheat, field pea and dry bean crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbir Singh Dhillon ◽  
Mike Gretzinger ◽  
Lewis Baarda ◽  
Ralph Lange ◽  
Kabal Singh Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Hail Damage ◽  
Late Growth

Hailstorms can be responsible for significant economic loss to the agricultural sector in Alberta, Canada. Foliar applications of certain fungicides and nutrient blends have been advocated to promote recovery and yield of hail-damaged crops. Proper understanding of different crop and hail-related factors is required for an accurate assessment of hail damage to crops, and for evaluations of hail-recovery product claims. This study was undertaken at three locations in Alberta during three growing seasons (2016-18) to determine the effects of two levels of simulated hail severity at three different crop developmental stages including early growth (BBCH 30 for wheat; BBCH 14-16 for pulses), mid-growth (BBCH 39 for wheat; BBCH 60 for pulses) and late growth (BBCH 60 for wheat; BBCH 71 for pulses) stages. Plant growth, and yield parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops were measured. Simulated hail damage led to reductions in height, biomass, NDVI, grain yield and kernel weight of all three crops. Average yield decreased by 24 and 35% for wheat, 17 and 35% for dry beans, and 37 and 45% for field peas for light and heavy hail severity, respectively. Hail timing was a critical factor influencing the extent of crop damage, with hail damage during early growth stage leading to lesser yield reduction compared to hail damage at mid-growth and late growth stages. Fungicides and nutrient blends applications did not significantly improve crop recovery, grain yield or kernel weight for any of the crops in this study.

Cumulative impacts of roads and energy infrastructure on grassland songbirds

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Daniel ◽  
Nicola Koper
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Comparing impacts of co-occurring anthropogenic features is necessary for regional planning and can help identify mechanisms of negative impacts of development on wildlife. Because of the vast abundance of anthropogenic features in the Northern Great Plains, their combined negative impacts on songbird habitat use (e.g., abundance) and productivity (e.g., nesting success and clutch size) could exacerbate the decline of songbird populations. We compared the cumulative effects of energy-related infrastructure (oil wells, shallow gas wells, and roads) on habitat use and productivity of songbirds across a 120 × 180 km region in southern Alberta, Canada. We examined effects on Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) and Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii), both of which are listed as Threatened in Canada, and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Using piecewise regressions and generalized linear models, we estimated effects of distance from infrastructure and shallow gas well density on the habitat use and productivity of each species. We then used these analyses to quantify the availability of habitat suitable for settlement and breeding throughout our study region. Shallow gas wells, which are more abundant, affected a larger geographic area than oil wells, but oil wells were associated with the added impacts of roads. Our analyses suggest that impacts of wells on songbirds are not caused by industrial noise because individual shallow gas wells, which produce no mechanical noise, had similar impacts to noisy oil wells. Our results highlight the importance of regional plans that consider the impacts of multiple co-occurring anthropogenic features in working landscapes.

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE SUNFLOWER STEM WEEVIL, CYLINDROCOPTURUS ADSPERSUS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Charlet
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Flower

AbstractThe sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), is a pest of cultivated sunflower in the major production areas of North and South Dakota, Minnesota, and Texas. Adults appeared in sunflower plots between 5 and 25 June in 1980–1985, when plants had 4–14 leaves. Oviposition began soon after adults were present and continued into late August. Peak densities of both eggs and adults occurred in mid-July. Larvae hatched between 6 and 11 July, when plants were in the early flower bud growth stages. Larvae fed in the sunflower stalk and moved to the stalk base or root crown to construct overwintering chambers. The seasonal patterns of the weevil’s life stages in 6 years were similar, but population densities varied. Regression equations were developed to predict larval numbers in stalks from number of adults to aid in making control decisions.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide and Timing of Application on Management of Sunflower Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1210-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Friskop ◽  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
Scott A. Halley ◽  
Blaine G. Schatz ◽  
Joel P. Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Management Recommendations

Sunflower rust is an important yield-limiting disease in sunflower production in the Great Plains of the United States. Rust severity and incidence have increased between 2002 and 2011, and genetic resistance is limited in most commercial hybrids, particularly the high-value confectionary market type. Although fungicides are available for rust management in the United States, management recommendations are insufficient. Specifically, efficacy and timing data are very limited for fungicides in FRAC groups 7 and 11. Seventeen fungicide efficacy and timing trials were conducted between 2008 and 2011 in North Dakota. Timings evaluated across the four years included single or multiple applications at growth stages (GS): GS V8-V12 (late vegetative), GS R1 (terminal bud formation), GS R3-4 (elongation of bud), GS R5 (flowering), and GS R6 (completion of flowering). With few exceptions, fungicide applications of DMIs and QoIs controlled disease greater than SDHI fungicides. Fungicide applications made at R5, either singly or in combination, consistently resulted in greater disease control. A negative correlation (r = −0.7756) between disease control and yield was observed, resulting in a yield reduction of 6.6% for every 1% increase in disease severity.

Evaluation of simulated hail damage on seed yield and agronomic traits in canola (Brassica napus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-608
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vollmer ◽  
Burton L. Johnson ◽  
Edward L. Deckard ◽  
Mukhlesur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hail Damage

Natural hail can cause significant damage on seed yield and yield contributing traits of canola (Brassica napus L.). Hail damage can be assessed by (i) type of damage such as stand reduction, stem cut-off, and leaf defoliation, (ii) level of damage, and (iii) plant growth stage. In this research, a simulated hail study was performed by applying nonuniform stand reduction treatments on canola grown in North Dakota, USA, over 5 site-years, in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was a randomized complete block design 4 × 5 factorial arrangement with four growth stages, rosette, bolting, 50%, and 90% flowering, when five stand reduction treatments were applied at 0 (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%. Growth stage and stand reduction were significant for seed yield where yield decreased as stage of treatment progressed and level of stand reduction increased. Regression equations were developed to estimate the seed yield reduction at each growth stage as stand reduction increased. Stand reduction also affected other traits where plant height was reduced as stand reduction increased, whereas 1000-seed weight, primary branches plant−1, secondary branches plant−1, pods plant−1, seed yield plant−1, plant biomass plant−1, and harvest index plant−1 increased as stand reduction increased. As growth stage progressed the number of primary branches plant−1, secondary branches plant−1, pods plant−1, and harvest index plant−1 decreased, whereas 1000-seed weight increased. The findings of differential yield losses by stand reduction will help producers and crop adjusters to assess the severity of hail damage in canola.

scholarly journals Rotating Cross-arm and Winter Rowcovers for Floricane Blackberry (Rubus Subgenus Rubus Watson) Production in North Dakota

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1810-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mettler ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
New Cultivars

Blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) production has the potential to expand into the northern Great Plains with the development of the rotating cross-arm (RCA) trellis system that prevents winter injury by laying the plants horizontal to the ground so that they can be covered during cold periods. However, this will only occur with the evaluation of new cultivars and overwintering protection methods associated with the RCA trellis system. Ten cultivars under four rowcover treatments were evaluated for winter damage, vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. Thermo-couples monitored air temperature under each rowcover treatment. Results indicated that rowcovers differed in their ability to moderate winter air temperatures. However, temperature moderation differences from rowcovers did not correspond to plant growth differences. Instead, cultivar influenced plant growth differences. Plants under the thermal blanket with corn stover had greater yield and more berries, while fruit quality was unaffected by rowcover treatment. Differences were also found between cultivars for fruit quantity and quality. Although rowcovers enabled overwintering primocanes to produce fruit after winter temperatures reached −30 C, further research is recommended to improve winter protection techniques and the identification of higher-yielding floricane blackberry cultivars for production in the northern Great Plains.

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