The potential impact of climate change on the occurrence of winter freeze events in six fruit crops grown in the Okanagan Valley

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Quamme ◽  
A J Cannon ◽  
D Neilsen ◽  
J M Caprio ◽  
W G Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Infrequent Event ◽  
Okanagan Valley

The main limitation to fruit production in the Okanagan Valley is winter injury. Examination of historical records between 1916 and 2006 revealed 16 severe winter-kill events with two occurring in November, eight in December, four in January and two in February. Extreme low minimum temperatures are associated with poor production of grape, peach, apricot, sweet cherry, pear, and apple, and although all are subject to winter injury during most of the 4-mo period, the time when each crop is most at risk differs. Grapes, apples and sweet cherries are more subject to injury in the early stages of acclimation during November to mid-January, whereas pears, peach and apricot are more subject during January and February. During the period 1948-2006, Arctic outflows were associated with all of these winter freeze events. This synoptic weather pattern was an infrequent event but had a great impact on production. A decrease in frequency and increase in minimum temperature of Arctic outflows appeared to be associated with the warming trends of the region during winter and early spring, although a slight increase in frequency of Arctic outflows was observed during late autumn. If this pattern in climate change continues, an extension of the northern range of the grapes, apples and sweet cherries in this region might not be as great as anticipated, whereas the production of pears, peaches and apricots might be expanded. Key words: Climate change, fruit, Okanagan Valley, winter injury, Arctic airflow

scholarly journals Precocious, Dwarfing, and Productive—How Will New Cherry Rootstocks Impact the Sweet Cherry Industry?

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) can be one of the most profitable tree fruits cultivated in temperate climates. While cherry trees grow naturally to relatively tall heights (≈35 ft [≥10 m]), new size-controlling cherry rootstocks similar to those used in high-density apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards are now a reality. The Gisela (GI.) and Weiroot (W.) series from Germany, the Gran Manier (GM.) series from Belgium, the P-HL series from Czech Republic, `Tabel Edabriz' from France, and others of international origin are at various stages of scientific and field testing in North America, with some now being used for commercial fruit production. These stocks confer several advantageous traits besides vigor control, including precocious fruiting and high productivity. While these beneficial traits are exciting, serious problems also have been documented on occasion, such as small fruit size and tree decline. As many of these rootstocks are interspecific Prunus L. hybrids, might there be significant limitations for fruit quality and orchard longevity? What is known about their tolerance to various soil types and/or climatological stresses? What is known about their susceptibilities to pathogens and pests? Further, with the U.S. and worldwide orchard area planted to fresh-market sweet cherries already expanding to record levels throughout the 1990s and a time-honored agricultural tendency toward overproduction until grower profits are minimized (e.g., recent international apple markets), what might be the future impact of such precocious, productive rootstocks on sweet cherry profitability and sustainable production? This overview addresses these topics, providing some answers and some areas for future scientific investigation and industry discussion.

Weather conditions associated with grape production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and potential impact of climate change

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An iterative χ2 method applied to 60 yr of records in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia (1930–1989) revealed that the main climatic factor limiting grape production (Vitis spp. and Vitis vinifera L.) was low temperatures (critical value range, ≤–6°C to ≤–23°C) occurring during late October, November, December and February. Daytime temperatures ≤–9°C during late November and early December benefited grape production, probably because it prevented vine de-acclimation. Detrimental effects of precipitation during late October were probably associated with the early movement of Arctic fronts into the region. Beneficial effects of precipitation in the form of snow were observed in January. During the pre-harvest growing season, except for a 2-wk period in July, high temperatures (≥26°C) were associated with good production, probably because warm temperatures are required for flower bud initiation and development. In contrast, higher-than-normal temperatures were not beneficial to production during the harvest year. Detrimental effects of high temperature were observed during July of the pre-harvest year and July (≥32°C) and early August of the harvest year (≥28°C). During the growing season, rainfall was sometimes unfavourable for grape production under irrigation, either because of associated cool weather or greater disease occurrence. Both temperature and precipitation were greater in the last 18 yr of the study than the prior 36 yr, especially during the late winter and early spring. The anticipated climatic change appears to favour grape production in the Okanagan Valley. Key words: grape, climate change, heat stress, winter injury

scholarly journals Realization of sweet cherry varieties productivity in stressful conditions in the south of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Rimma Zaremuk ◽  
Yulia Dolya ◽  
Tatiana Kopnina
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
The South ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Generative Organs

The main stress factors for sweet cherries in the Krasnodar region are: late return frosts and early exposure to frost after a warm autumn. Against the background of late return frosts, the death of the generative organs of sweet cherry was 95%, the realization of the productive potential − 3.3%; after early spring frosts, freezing of cherry fruit buds was 30%, the realization of productive potential − 47.8%. The early impact of frost after a warm autumn, the death of the generative organs of sweet cherry was 90%, the realization of the productive potential − 5.6%. Under favorable weather conditions, i.e. in the absence of any type of stress, the yield of sweet cherry varieties reached 40.5 kg/tree or 27 t/ha, and the implementation of the production potential − 57.8%. Mathematical analysis showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.97) of the yield of varieties from the abnormal temperatures in March and the degree of exposure to stress, i.e. damage to generative organs (R2 = 0.9). Domestic varieties Alaya, Sashenka and Volshebnitsa, can be recommended for creating sustainable plantations in the south of Russia.

Shifting Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Orchards and Vineyards of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Forge ◽  
Paige Munro ◽  
Andrew J. Midwood ◽  
Lori Philips ◽  
Kirsten Hannam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Okanagan Valley

Fruit production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia is dominated by apple, sweet cherry, and wine grape. The relative importance of sweet cherry and grape has increased in recent decades, but little was known of the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with those crops. Soil samples analyzed for plant-parasitic nematodes were collected from a total of 39 apple orchards, 61 cherry orchards, and 57 vineyards; most were collected in 2018, but 36 cherry orchards were sampled in 2012. Soil properties were also assessed and related to nematode population densities. Nematode genera of potential significance were, in order of prevalence, Pratylenchus, Mesocriconema, Xiphinema, Paratylenchus, Paratrichodorus, Hemicycliophora, and Meloidogyne. Pratylenchus were found in 79, 98, and 81% of the apple, cherry, and grape plantings, respectively; Mesocriconema were found in 51, 79, and 82%; and Xiphinema were found in 59, 51, and 77%. Population densities of the three dominant genera were influenced more by soil texture than any other soil characteristics, with Pratylenchus being negatively correlated with percentage clay, Mesocriconema positively correlated with percentage sand, and Xiphinema positively correlated with percentage silt. The high prevalence of Mesocriconema in cherry orchards and vineyards in this region is significant because Mesocriconema is known to be an important pest of other Prunus crop species and grapevines in other regions. This study therefore provides a rationale for increasing grower awareness and research efforts on the impacts and management of Mesocriconema and other plant-parasitic nematodes in orchards and vineyards in the region.

scholarly journals 668 Precocious, Dwarfing, and Productive—Will New Rootstocks Ruin the Sweet Cherry Industry?

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 563C-563
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium) can be one of the most profitable tree fruit cultivated in temperate climates. While cherry trees grow naturally to relatively tall heights, new size-controlling cherry rootstocks similar to those used in high-density apple orchards are now a reality. The Gisela series from Germany, the Gran Manier series from Belgium, the Weiroot series, the P-HL series, Tabel Edabriz, and others of international origin are at various stages of scientific and field testing in North America, with some now moving into commercial fruit production. These stocks confer several highly advantageous traits besides vigor control, including precocious fruiting and high productivity. While these obvious traits are exciting, serious problems have also been documented, on occassion, with such phenomena as small fruit size and tree decline. As many of these rootstocks are interspecific Prunus hybrids, might there be significant limitations for fruit quality and orchard longevity? What is known about their susceptibilities to pathogens and pests? What is known about their tolerance to various soil types and/or climatological stresses? Further, with the U.S. and worldwide orchard area planted to fresh-market sweet cherries already expanding to record levels throughout the 1990s and a time-honored agricultural trend toward overproduction until grower profits are minimized (see recent international apple markets), what might be the future impact of such precocious, productive rootstocks on sweet cherry profitability and sustainable production? This overview will address these topics, providing some answers and some areas for future scientific investigation and discussion.

Climate change in the semiarid prairie of southwestern Saskatchewan: Late winter–early spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Cutforth ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
R. J. Woodvine ◽  
D. G. Smith ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Spring Maximum

Long-term weather and hydrological data were analyzed to study climate change during late winter–early spring within an approximately 15 000 km2 area in the semiarid prairie near Swift Current, Saskatchewan. The climate has changed over the past 50 yr. Winter and spring maximum and minimum temperatures have warmed, snowfall amounts have decreased, and spring runoff has started earlier now than during past years. The percentage of precipitation as snow has decreased as temperatures have warmed. As well, even though temperatures have warmed, the date of the last spring frost has not gotten earlier with time. Key words: Climate change, semiarid prairie, winter and spring, temperature, snow, spring runoff

scholarly journals Climate Change in Bosnia and Herzegovina According to Climate Scenario RCP8.5 and Possible Impact on Fruit Production

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Goran Trbic ◽  
Tatjana Popov ◽  
Vladimir Djurdjevic ◽  
Igor Milunovic ◽  
Tihomir Dejanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
June July

This paper presents the results of research on possible climate change in Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the climate scenario RCP8.5 and its potential impact on fruit production. Climate change analyses are based on expected fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation and climate indices. The results indicate pronounced climate change, which refers to an increase in annual temperature to 5 °C, and a decrease in annual precipitation of up to 30% and in the summer season (June, July, and August) and up to 40% by the end of the XXI century. In addition, an increase in the number of summer days and a decrease in the number of days with the appearance of snow can be expected. Reducing the number of days with snow and snow cover can cause a decrease in underground aquifers with water during the winter and spring seasons. These changes can have a serious impact on the problem of drought and water deficit, which can have direct consequences for the agricultural sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially for fruit production. These findings show that fundamental changes in agriculture and an approach to land treatment and water resources management, as well as fruit production planning in changed climatic conditions, are needed.

scholarly journals The Application of Machine Learning for Cultivar Discrimination of Sweet Cherry Endocarp

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ewa Ropelewska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Discriminative Models ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Rgb Color Space ◽  
Cultivar Discrimination ◽  
Color Channels

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the texture and geometric parameters of endocarp (pit) for distinguishing different cultivars of sweet cherries using image analysis. The textures from images converted to color channels and the geometric parameters of the endocarp (pits) of sweet cherry ‘Kordia’, ‘Lapins’, and ‘Büttner’s Red’ were calculated. For the set combining the selected textures from all color channels, the accuracy reached 100% when comparing ‘Kordia’ vs. ‘Lapins’ and ‘Kordia’ vs. ‘Büttner’s Red’ for all classifiers. The pits of ‘Kordia’ and ‘Lapins’, as well as ‘Kordia’ and ‘Büttner’s Red’ were also 100% correctly discriminated for discriminative models built separately for RGB, Lab and XYZ color spaces, G, L and Y color channels and for models combining selected textural and geometric features. For discrimination ‘Lapins’ and ‘Büttner’s Red’ pits, slightly lower accuracies were determined—up to 93% for models built based on textures selected from all color channels, 91% for the RGB color space, 92% for the Lab and XYZ color spaces, 84% for the G and L color channels, 83% for the Y channel, 94% for geometric features, and 96% for combined textural and geometric features.

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