Protein concentration inheritance and selection in durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
C J Pozniak ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Grain protein concentration is important in the determination of the value of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) for pasta manufacture. This study was undertaken to investigate the heritability and inheritance of protein concentration in seven genetically diverse durum populations, and to determine if the precision of this information could be improved by adjustment for micro-environmental trends. Grain protein and grain yield were measured at multiple locations and years. The Papadakis method was used to adjust for environmental trends in these replicated trials, and the moving mean was used for confimation in a sample of 19 un-replicated breeding trials. Environmental trends were substantial, and trend adjustment improved both correlations among locations and precision. Consequently, trend adjustment may be useful for genetic studies to improve trial precision, but would be of questionable merit in early-generation breeding trials due to the cost of additional protein measurements and marginal improvement in selection response. Grain yield was negatively correlated with grain protein concentration in all trials. Protein concentration was moderately heritable and complexly inherited in these populations, with the number of estimated effective factors ranging from 5 to 17 for the majority of trials. The complexity of inheritance and interactions of protein with yield and environment makes early-generation selection for protein difficult.Key words: Grain protein concentration, heritability, inheritance, semi-dwarf

Post-emergence application of N fertilizer to improve grain yield and quality of irrigated durum and bread wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Beres ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. J. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
End Use

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr (2001 to 2003) at two irrigated sites in southern Alberta to determine if post-emergence N application (38 kg N ha-1) was warranted for durum (Triticum turgidum L.) and bread wheat (T. aestivum) in soils with relatively high N. Greater efficacy occurred with in-crop surface-applied granular ammonium nitrate (AN) compared with foliar-applied urea-ammonium-nitrate (UAN) solution. Early AN application usually improved grain yield compared with the fertilized control (38 k g N ha-1 applied at seeding), while late application reduced grain yield, but increased grain protein concentration and end-use quality. Key words: Triticum turgidum, Triticum aestivum, nitrogen fertilizer, foliar, timing, split N, grain protein concentration

scholarly journals Conditional Mapping Identified Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Protein Concentration Expressing Independently of Grain Yield in Canadian Durum Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
Bianyun Yu ◽  
Ron E. Knox ◽  
Wentao Zhang ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Major Qtl

Grain protein concentration (GPC) is an important trait in durum cultivar development as a major determinant of the nutritional value of grain and end-use product quality. However, it is challenging to simultaneously select both GPC and grain yield (GY) due to the negative correlation between them. To characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GPC and understand the genetic relationship between GPC and GY in Canadian durum wheat, we performed both traditional and conditional QTL mapping using a doubled haploid (DH) population of 162 lines derived from Pelissier × Strongfield. The population was grown in the field over 5 years and GPC was measured. QTL contributing to GPC were detected on chromosome 1B, 2B, 3A, 5B, 7A, and 7B using traditional mapping. One major QTL on 3A (QGpc.spa-3A.3) was consistently detected over 3 years accounting for 9.4–18.1% of the phenotypic variance, with the favorable allele derived from Pelissier. Another major QTL on 7A (QGpc.spa-7A) detected in 3 years explained 6.9–14.8% of the phenotypic variance, with the beneficial allele derived from Strongfield. Comparison of the QTL described here with the results previously reported led to the identification of one novel major QTL on 3A (QGpc.spa-3A.3) and five novel minor QTL on 1B, 2B and 3A. Four QTL were common between traditional and conditional mapping, with QGpc.spa-3A.3 and QGpc.spa-7A detected in multiple environments. The QTL identified by conditional mapping were independent or partially independent of GY, making them of great importance for development of high GPC and high yielding durum.

scholarly journals Modelling durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain protein concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. ORLANDO ◽  
M. MANCINI ◽  
R. MOTHA ◽  
J.J. QU ◽  
S. ORLANDINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration

SUMMARYThe goal of the present study was to improve the CERES-wheat model simulation of grain protein concentration (GPC) for winter durum wheat and to use the model as a basis for the development of a GPC Simplified Forecasting Index (SFIpro). The performances of CERES-wheat, which is one of the most widespread crop simulation models, with (i) its standard GPC routine and (ii) a novel equation developed to improve the model GPC simulation for durum wheat, were assessed through comparison with field data. Subsequently, CERES-wheat was run for a 56-year period in order to identify the most important status and forcing variables affecting GPC simulation. The number of dry days during the early growth stages and the leaf area index (LAI; green leaf area per unit ground surface area) at heading stage (LAI5) were identified as the main variables positively correlated with CERES-wheat predicted GPC, and so included in the SFIpro. At validation against observed data SFIpro was found to perform differently on the basis of observed plant LAI. In fact, SFIpro was able to forecast GPC variability for intermediate values of LAI5 ranging from 1 to 2, while it totally failed when LAI5 was outside this range (LAI5 < 1 or LAI5 > 2). The results suggest that the relationship between LAI and GPC is not linear and that the model assumptions for GPC simulation in CERES-wheat are only partially confirmed, being valid for an intermediate range of LAI.

Crop and soil nitrogen status of tilled and no-tillage systems in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
B G McConkey ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
C A Campbell ◽  
S A Brandt ◽  
F. Selles
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

We examined 1990-1996 crop and soil N data for no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems from four long-term tillage studies in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan for evidence that the N status was affected by tillage system. On a silt loam and clay soil in the Brown soil zone, spring what (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein concentration were lower for NT compared with tilled (CT or MT) systems for a fallow-wheat (F-WM) rotation. Grain protein concentration for continuous wheat (Cont W) was also lower for NT than for MT. For a sandy loam soil in the Brown soil zone, durum (Triticum durum L.) grain protein concentration was similar for MT and NT for both Cont W and F-W, but NT had higher grain yield than MT (P < 0.05 for F-W only). For a loam soil in the Dark Brown soil zone, wheat grain yield for NT was increased by about 7% for fallow-oilseed-wheat (F-O-W) and wheat-oilseed-wheat (W-O-W) rotations. The higher grain yields for NT reduced grain protein concentration by dilution effect as indicated by similar grain N yield. However, at this site, about 23 kg ha-1 more fertilizer N was required for NT than for CT. Elimination of tillage increased total organic N in the upper 7.5 cm of soil and N in surface residues. Our results suggest that a contributing factor to decreased availability of soil N in medium- and fine-textured soils under NT was a slower rate of net N mineralization from organic matter. Soil nitrates to 2.4 m depth did not indicate that nitrate leaching was affected by tillage system. Current fertilizer N recommendations developed for tilled systems may be inadequate for optimum production of wheat with acceptable grain protein under NT is semiarid regions of Saskatchewan. Key words: Tillage intensity, N availability, soil N fractions, N mineralization, crop residue decomposition, grain protein

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variationin Dry Weight and Nitrogen Concentration of Wheat Plant Parts; Relations to Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hafeez Malik ◽  
Allan Andersson ◽  
Ramune Kuktaite ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Bismillah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Plant Parts

Nitrogen requirements of irrigated wheat on the Darling Downs

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Eighteen fertilizer trials, each with five levels of nitrogen (N) and three levels of phosphorus (PI, were conducted on black earth soils of the Darling Downs to establish optimal economic rates of N fertilizer in commercial, irrigated wheat crops. The optimal economic rate of N with a fertilizer: wheat price ratio (kg N: kg grain) of 5:l, the yield response of 100 kg/ha of applied N, the yield without fertilizer, and the yield with fertilizer not limiting were calculated from derived yield response relations at each site. A multi-variate regression procedure was used to determine which soil or crop management factors significantly influenced the rate of N needed to optimize wheat yield. Delay in planting after June 1 and the level of residual mineral N in the soil at planting had strong negative effects on the response to fertilizer and the optimal rate of fertilizer required. The results indicate that yields of irrigated wheat may be below the economic optimum because of sub-optimal applications of N. Other soil and management factors such as available soil P and number of irrigations also affected grain yield. At 1 3 sites low protein wheat (< 1 1.4�1~) was produced with all but the highest two rates of N fertilizer and at two sites even the highest rate produced low protein wheat. The effect of N fertilizer applied at planting on grain protein concentration was changed by the yield response to the fertilizer application. Grain protein concentration was curvilinearly related (R2 = 0.81) to relative grain yield (yield as a proportion of the maximum yield); grain protein was at its minimum at a relative yield of 0.5. Although heavy rates of N fertilizer at planting increased grain protein concentration on a few sites, usually these applications led to an inefficient use of N fertilizer; apparent incorporation of fertilizer N into grain decreased with increasing rate of fertilizer.

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