Crop response to current and previous season applications of phosphorus as affected by crop sequence and tillage

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
D. L. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted over a 4-yr period at two locations in western Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer management on crop growth as affected by tillage system through a 2-yr cropping sequence. In the first phase of the cropping sequence, canola (Brassica napus L.), a non-mycorrhizal crop, and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a mycorrhizal crop, were grown under conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) systems, with 0, 11 and 22 kg P ha-1 applied as monoammonium phosphate (MAP). In the second phase of the sequence, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was seeded following the spring wheat or canola, with application of 0 or 11 kg P ha-1 as MAP. Phosphorus application increased the early-season biomass, P concentration, and P accumulation of canola and wheat and the seed yield of canola. Tillage system had no consistent effects on growth, P concentration or uptake, or seed yields of canola or wheat, nor were P by tillage system interactions observed. Early-season biomass production and seed yields of flax were relatively unaffected by P fertilization whether applied in the same season as flax or in the previous season, although early-season P concentration and P accumulation were increased when P fertilizer was applied to the flax. Of the factors evaluated in this study, preceding crop had the greatest influence on flax growth with flax establishment, early-season biomass, and P accumulation, and seed yield all being significantly greater when flax was seeded after wheat than after canola. Key words: Crop rotation, fertilization, monoammonium phosphate, flax, wheat, canola

Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus concentration on the yield response of yellow serradella to superphosphate applications

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
M Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship

A field experiment at Medina, Western Australia, was designed to test whether seed produced at different locations and containing different phosphorus (P) concentration in the seed would change the relationship between yield and the level of superphosphate drilled with the seed. To produce the seed for the experiment, subsamples of the same source of seed of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus cv. Madeira) were grown at Medina and Esperance, Western Australia. Seed of the same size produced at each location, and containing 3 different P concentrations, was sown in the experiment at Medina. Three levels of superphosphate were drilled with the seed. Yields (of dried herbage and seed) were increased 2- to 4-fold as the amount of P drilled with the seed was increased from 5 to 40 kg P/ha. Although the Medina seed contained >0.40% P and the Esperance seed contained <0.40% P, plants grown from Esperance seed produced larger yields than plants grown from Medina seed for each of the 3 levels of P drilled with the seed; yield difference increased from about 14 to 70% as the level of P drilled with the seed increased from 5 to 40 kg P/ha. Higher P concentration in the sown seed increased herbage and seed yields by 35-70% when 5 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, and by about 616% when 40 kg P/ha was P drilled with the seed. Seed grown at Esperance produced larger yields for each seed P concentration than Medina seed; yield differences were about 30-90%. The P concentration measured in dried herbage and seed depended only on the amount of P drilled with the seed. It was unaffected by the P concentration in the seed sown, and for dried herbage, it was unaffected by where the seed sown was produced. However, for seed production, the relationship between yield and P concentration in the seed differed depending on where the seed was grown.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

Increase Longleaf Pine Seed Yields by Inhibiting Conelet Abortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A single foliar spray with either antiethylene compounds or cytokinins shortly after anthesis reduced conelet abortion by half and doubled seed production. Spraying with boric acid plus Cytex® , a relatively economical form of cytokinin derived from seaweed, was equally effective,and addition of certain antiethylene compounds further improved seed yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivars and Planting Date on Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acid Profile of Flax Varieties (Linum usitatissimumL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricel Andrea Gallardo ◽  
Héctor José Milisich ◽  
Silvina Rosa Drago ◽  
Rolando José González
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seed Yields

In order to determine the effect of cultivars and planting date on flax fatty acid profile, seed yield, and oil content, an assay with seven cultivars (Baikal, Prointa Lucero, Prointa Ceibal, Panambí INTA, Curundú INTA, Carapé INTA, and Tape INTA) was carried out at Parana Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Significant differences among cultivars were found for content of palmitic (5–7 g/100 g), stearic (5–8 g/100 g), linoleic (13–19 g/100 g), saturated (11–15 g/100 g), and unsaturated acids (92–96 g/100 g) within the seven cultivars. The best seed yields were observed in Prointa Lucero and Carapé INTA varieties (2091.50 kg·ha−1and 2183.34 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the first planting date and in Carapé INTA and Prointa Lucero (1667 kg·ha−1and 1886 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the second planting date. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield (1950 kg·ha−1and 1516 kg·ha−1) and oil content (845 kg·ha−1and 644 kg·ha−1) but did not affect oil composition.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

Assessment of plant population on growth, fibre and seed yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ibadan western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
S.O. Olanipekun ◽  
A.O. Togun ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
O.N. Adeniyan ◽  
A.K. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Seed Yields

Kenaf is a multi-purpose crop with numerous industrial uses. Its production is constrained by poor cultural and agronomic practices which reduce yield. Inappropriate spacing among others could result in low yield. Effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of kenaf was investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. Kenaf seed was sown (2 plants/stand) at three plant spacing: 50×15, 50×20, 50×25 cm was assessed for seed and bast fibre yields using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis was done using statistical analysis system (SAS). Plant spacing differed significantly for bast fibre and seed yields. Highest bast fibre yield (0.9±0.03) and seed yield (0.5±0.01) were obtained at 50×20 cm and 50×25 cm spacing, respectively, while the lowest bast fibre yield (0.7±0.01) and seed yield (0.3±0.01) were obtained at 50×15 cm spacing. Spacing of 50 × 15 cm and 50 × 20 cm are appropriate when planting for fibre while 50 × 25cm is appropriate for seed production. Keywords: Kenaf, Spacing, Fibre and Seed yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Seed Yields

<p>Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N &gt; FRT &gt; ASH &gt; CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg<sup>-1</sup> of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.</p>

scholarly journals Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides a summary of 12 years of field research

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.L. McCloy ◽  
I.C. Harvey ◽  
R.W. Chynoweth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Green Leaf Area

A summary of seed yield data from 19 fungicide trials in perennial and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium spp) seed crops conducted over a 12 year period is presented Seed yields from the best fungicide treatments were increased on average by 25 in forage ryegrass (390 kg/ha) and 42 in turf ryegrass (580 kg/ha) Seed yield increases were associated with the control of stem rust and/or maintaining green leaf area during seed fill In turf ryegrass (susceptible to stem rust) delaying the first fungicide application until stem rust appeared resulted in seed yields that were not different (P>005) from the untreated experimental controls whereas early fungicide applications from the beginning of reproductive development increased seed yield by between 36 and 42 Fungicide mixes of a triazole plus a strobilurin usually gave higher seed yields than using either fungicide type alone

scholarly journals Heritabilities and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and seed yield components of beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Manuel Mateo Solano ◽  
James S. Beaver ◽  
Freddy Saladín García
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Indeterminate bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines derived from crosses between small-seeded indeterminate and large-seeded determinate genotypes were used to estimate the heritabilities and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and seed yield components. The F2  generation of six bean populations was planted at the Fortuna Substation, Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico, in October 1984. Seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, and number of seed per pod were measured for 50 plants selected at random from each population. A total of 50 F3 plant rows of each population were planted in February 1985 at the Fortuna Substation, and in March 1985 on a small farm in the Constanza valley of the Dominican Republic. Narrow sense heritabilities were estimated by using parent-offspring regressions of the F2 and F3 generation, and phenotypic correlations were estimated by using means of the F3 lines. Mean seed yields per plant of the indeterminate F3 lines were significantly less than the indeterminate parents, whereas the 100-seed weights of the indeterminate F3 were significantly less than the determinate parents. Narrow sense heritabilities for seed yield and seed yield components were intemediate to low. These results indicate that selection for greater seed yield would be more effective by evaluating advanced lines in replicated trials. Spearman rank correlations between locations for seed yield and seed yield components varied among populations. Multilocation testing of advanced generation lines may be the most effective way to identify bean genotypes that perform well in contrasting environments.

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