Response of irrigated soft white spring wheat to seeding date, seeding rate and fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
R. Dunn ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
B. Beres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
Viable Seeds

Irrigated production of soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em Thell.) (SWSW) for pastry flour or ethanol production is feasible if the high yield potential of recently released cultivars can be realized. Field studies were conducted at three locations over a 3-yr period to determine the response of irrigated SWSW to seeding date, seeding rate and fertilization (N, P and K) in southern Alberta. The highest yield was obtained for the first seeding date (Apr. 20 to 24). Seeding 2 wk later reduced ave rage grain yield by 3%, while seeding 4 wk later reduced average grain yield by 15%. The optimum seeding rate was 200 to 240 viable seeds m-2 (84 to 101 kg ha-1). Maximum yields were achieved when total available N (fertilizer + residual soil NO3-N + mineralized N) was greater than 26 kg N Mg-1 of potential yield. Mineralized N ranged from 45 to 183 kg N ha-1 (mean 125 kg N ha-1). Grain protein concentration did not exceed the maximum allowed for protein premiums (99 g kg-1) when total available N was less than 27 kg N Mg-1 of potential yield. The optimum P fertilizer rate was approximately 13 kg P ha-1 unless extractable soil P was very high. No response to K fertilizer was observed. Maximum grain yields of 7.3 to 10.6 Mg ha-1 were achieved by seeding early with a minimum of 200 viable seeds m-2 and application of sufficient N and P fertilizer. Key words: Triticum aestivum, nitrogen fertilizer, N mineralization, grain protein concentration, phosphorus

Fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate for malting barley yield and quality in southern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Viable Seeds

Weather conditions are often unfavourable for malting barley quality in southern Alberta, but agronomic practice may improve the probability of attaining acceptable quality. The objective of this study was to determine optimum agronomic practice (cultivar, fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate) for yield and quality of malting barley in southern Alberta. Field trials were conducted at 12 dryland sites and 2 irrigated sites over a 3-yr period (2001–2003). At each site, five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N rate (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha-1), (2) P rate (0, 6.5, 13 and 19.5 kg P ha-1), (3) K rate (0, 25 and 50 kg K ha-1), (4) S rate (0, 10, and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 viable seeds m-1). Seven cultivars were included in the first experiment and two cultivars were included in the remainder of the experiments. Maximum grain yields were achieved when fertilizer + available soil N (estimated from unfertilized grain N yield) exceeded 31 kg N Mg-1 maximum grain yield, whereas protein concentrations were usually acceptable if fertilizer + available soil N was between 25 and 40 kg N Mg-1 maximum grain yield. Higher N rates generally reduced kernel size. Cultivar differences in N response were negligible. Application of P, K, or S did not affect malt yield or quality. Seeding delays of ≈ 20 d reduced grain yields by an average of 20%, with relatively greater yield declines under drought stressed conditions. Delayed seeding did not affect or slightly increased grain protein concentration. Kernel size was both increased and decreased by delayed seeding. Increased seeding rates from 150 to 350 viable seeds m-2 generally provided small yield gains, slight reductions in grain protein concentration and reduced kernel size. The most beneficial agronomic practices for malt barley production in southern Alberta were early seeding and application of N fertilizer at rates appropriate to the expected availability of moisture and soil N. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, protein, plump kernels

Sadash soft white spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Sadasivaiah ◽  
R J Graf ◽  
H S Randhawa ◽  
B L Beres ◽  
S M Perkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Sadash is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring class. Sadash is well-adapted to the wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Registration Test from 2003 to 2005, Sadash exhibited high grain yield, mid-season maturity, semi-dwarf stature with very strong straw, and good resistance to shattering. Sadash expressed resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust and powdery mildew, intermediate resistance to loose smut, moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and common bunt, and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed at the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, Sadash had improved test weight over the check cultivars AC Reed and AC Phil and similar milling and baking performance.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (soft white spring), grain yield, quality, disease resistance

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

Impact of powdery mildew on the yield of soft white spring wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
A. D. Kuzyk ◽  
H. Su
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The effect of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) on the grain yield and protein content of one susceptible, Springfield, and three moderately resistant cultivars, Fielder, AC Reed and AC Nanda, of soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was examined at two field locations near Lethbridge and Vauxhall, Alberta, in 1999 and 2000. At the start of heading, powdery mildew development was suppressed in half of the plots of each cultivar by a single spray application of the fungicide Tilt (propiconazole). Severe powdery mildew infection of the susceptible cultivar Springfield resulted in yield reductions ranging from 11.4 to 19.9%. The grain yield of the moderately resistant cultivar Fielder was significantly reduced at both sites in 1999 by 7.6–10.5% while AC Reed suffered a significant yield loss (7.6–9.1%) at Lethbridge in both years. The moderately resistant cultivar AC Nanda consistently had the lowest powdery mildew ratings and its yield was unaffected by the disease. A single fungicide application prevented disease buildup on the moderately resistant cultivars, but not on Springfield. The grain protein content of the moderately resistant cultivars was unaffected by powdery mildew, but it decreased in Springfield by 0.6–0.7%. Key words: Powdery mildew, Propiconazole, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, resistance

Alvena hard red spring wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Use ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Based on 38 replicated trials over 3 yr, Alvena, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) expressed significantly higher mean grain yield than the checks. It was significantly earlier maturing than AC Barrie and significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa. Wheat protein concentration of Alvena was similar to the mean of the checks and flour protein concentration was significantly higher than the check mean. Amylograph viscosity was significantly lower than the mean of the checks. Alvena meets the end-use quality and Canadian Grain Commission’s kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Alvena expressed moderate resistance to prevalent races of loose smut and stem rust, intermediate resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust and common bunt, and moderate susceptibility to fusarium head blight. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, maturity, disease resistance

Lillian hard red spring wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
G. Humphreys ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Description

Lillian, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), exhibited reduced cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and is adapted to the Canadian prairies. Lillian produced significantly more grain yield than AC Abbey and Neepawa and its grain yield and protein concentration were similar to AC Barrie. It matured significantly earlier than Superb and Laura, and had improved resistance to leaf rust and leaf spotting diseases compared to AC Abbey. Lillian is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield and protein, resistance wheat stem sawfly, leaf and stem rust

Response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate in southern Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and oriental mustard (B. juncea) have been grown in Alberta since the 1950s, but limited agronomic information specific for this crop is available. The objective of this study was to determine the response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate in southern Alberta. Field experiments were conducted at 20 field sites over a 4-yr period (1999–2002) under irrigated and dryland (fallow and stubble) conditions. Five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1), (2) urea placement (seed-placed and side-banded urea at rates of 0 to 120 kg N ha-1), (3) P fertilizer rate (0, 6.5, and 13.1 kg P ha-1), (4) S fertilizer rate (0, 10 and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at approximately 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (target plant densities of 75, 125, 175, 225, and 300 plants m-2). Experiment 1 was conducted with yellow mustard (AC Pennant), oriental mustard (Forge), brown mustard (Commercial Brown) and canola (Q2) (Brassica napus L.), while the remaining experiments were only conducted with yellow mustard. For maximum seed yield, mustard required 95 kg of available N Mg-1 of potential seed yield. Potential yields were closely related to available moisture, increasing 7 to 8 kg ha-1 for every mm increase in available moisture above a minimum moisture requirement of 90 mm. Seed-placed urea reduced plant stand at rates as low as 30 kg N ha-1 and reduced seed yield at rates of 60 to 120 kg N ha-1. Fourteen of 20 sites had a greater than 3% positive yield benefit due to P fertilizer. Mustard did not benefit from S fertilizer application. Delay in seeding by 3–4 wk, compared with seeding in late April to mid-May, reduced seed yield of yellow mustard by an average of 37%. Seed yield increased with seeding rate, but the maximum gain in seed yield due to high seeding rates was only 200 kg ha-1, with significant increases obtained only under very dry conditions. Early seeding and adequate N fertility were the most important agronomic practices for achieving high yields of mustard in southern Alberta. Key words: Sinapsis alba, Brassica juncea, yield, oil, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water-use efficiency

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons in southern Alberta to develop improved irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Irrigation to provide available water in the root zone to maturity maintained acceptably low protein content of soft wheat fertilizer-N plus soil test NO3-N levels from 140 to 208 kg ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer increased protein content in all 4 yr of the study and increased yields each year except 1981 when the soil contained a high level of NO3-N. The protein content was not raised above the level considered acceptable for the domestic Canadian market (10.5%, moist basis) unless fertilizer rates in excess of the economic optimum level were applied. Fertilizer-N response curves were developed for each cultivar, irrigation treatment, and year combination. These were used to show the relationship between yield and the level of fertilizer N plus soil NO3-N which would result in economic optimum yields of soft white spring wheat of acceptable protein content. The results suggest N rates can be increased about 30 kg ha−1 for each t ha−1 increase in the target yield of the producer.Key words: Wheat (soft white spring), Triticum aestivum L., irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, protein, target yield

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