Development and yield potential of grain amaranth in southwestern Québec

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gélinas ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Single Row

The production potential of 29 grain amaranth genotypes was evaluated in southwestern Québec. Considerable variation was observed for all variables studied. In single row plots, grain yield per plant ranged between 13 and 73 g DM (dry matter) plant-1, while in mechanically managed plots grain yield ranged between 432 and 979 kg DM ha-1. All genotypes matured before the first killing frost, but moisture at harvest was high (average of 26%). Grain amaranth production in southwestern Québec seems possible. Key words: Grain amaranth, genotypes, pseudo-cereals, grain yield

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION, AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT AND CULTIVAR YIELD AND PROTEIN LEVELS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. W. CUTFORTH ◽  
R. M. DePAUW ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

A field study was carried out in four environments to determine the effects of available water and cultivar on N and P uptake, translocation, and utilization efficiency of wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars with varying grain yield potential and protein concentration. Two common wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and HY320, and two durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars, DT367 and Wakooma, were studied. HY320 and DT367 had higher grain yield potentials and lower protein concentrations than Neepawa and Wakooma. Total plant N and P uptake was proportional to available water, and was strongly associated with dry matter accumulation. From 67 to 102% of plant N and 64–100% of P present at harvest had been accumulated by anthesis. Postanthesis uptake of N and P was greater under moist than under dry environments. There were few cultivar differences in uptake of N or P, and any differences observed were related to variations in plant dry matter. Nitrogen harvest index ranged from 71 to 85% and P harvest index ranged from 81 to 93%. Both indices responded to environment in the same way as grain harvest index; there were no cultivar differences for either N or P harvest index. From 59 to 79% of N and 75 to 87% of P present in vegetative tissues at anthesis was translocated to the grain; translocation did not vary among cultivars. The efficiency of utilization of N and P in production of harvest biomass and grain was directly proportional to water availability and was greater in the high yield cultivars HY320 and DT367 than in Neepawa and Wakooma. There was no evidence that selection for N uptake, translocation, or utilization efficiency would be useful in wheat breeding.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum, nitrogen harvest index, phosphorus harvest index

Interaction Between Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Diclofop to Reduce the Cost of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
Birgitte Verbeek ◽  
Neil E. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Cost

The influence of wheat variety on the dose-response of annual ryegrass to diclofop-methyl (POST) was examined in the field in 1992 and 1993 in southern New South Wales, Australia. The aim was to determine if planting a strongly competitive variety of wheat improved control of annual ryegrass at reduced doses of diclofop-methyl. Suppression of ryegrass was dependent on herbicide dose, season, and wheat variety. In the absence of herbicide, dry matter (DM) production of annual ryegrass at 300 plants m−2at anthesis was 500 g ha−1with Dollarbird and Katunga compared to 1000 g ha−1with Rosella or Shrike in 1992. In 1993, DM was approximately 150 g ha−1with Dollarbird or Katunga, and 350 g ha−1with Shrike or Rosella. Ryegrass DM was reduced by diclofop-methyl to a greater extent, relative to the weedy unsprayed controls, with less competitive varieties Rosella and Shrike than with the more competitive Dollarbird or Katunga. Diclofop-methyl at 0.28 kg a.i. ha−1reduced DM of ryegrass growing with Katunga to less than 100 g m−2in 1992, compared to more than 200 g m2with the other varieties. In 1993, diclofop-methyl was more effective on ryegrass, and the same dose reduced ryegrass DM to almost zero in all varieties. Grain yields in unsprayed weedy controls of Dollarbird and Katunga were reduced approximately 20% by annual ryegrass compared with yields achieved with herbicides in both years. Yields of Rosella and Shrike in the unsprayed controls were reduced about 40% in 1992 and 60% in 1993. Only small increases in grain yields of all varieties occurred from diclofop-methyl doses above 0.13 kg a.i. ha−1. Poorly competitive varieties were dependent on herbicides to achieve grain yield potential and had a greater risk of weed survival when herbicide efficacy was reduced. In contrast, strongly competitive varieties, likely to retard build-up of weed seed in the soil, are less dependent on herbicides to achieve grain yield potential, and therefore result in reduced weed control cost.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

scholarly journals Effect of Heat and Drought Stress on Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor). II. Grain Yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
J. M. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Early Late

SummaryThree early and four later flowering lines of sorghum were subjected to three drought stress treatments (early, late and early plus late stress) in the field during the dry season at Hyderabad in India. Mean diurnal temperature and evaporation rate were uniformly high throughout the experiment. The late and early plus late stress conditions were severe, while the early stress was mild.Grain yield was affected by both the timing and the severity of the stress. The largest reduction (87%) in grain yield resulted from stress imposed during booting and flowering (late stress) in the early flowering lines; the same stress treatment on vegetative plants had no effect on grain yield. Increasing the duration of severe stress on vegetative plants (early plus late stress) reduced grain yield by 50–60%.Grain yield was strongly and positively correlated with the number of grains m-2. Variation in grain yield was associated with variation in total dry matter rather than with harvest index, which was only reduced when stress occurred at flowering. Treatment effects on thermal growth rates (g m-2 °Cd-1) during the phase from booting to flowering confirmed that growth during this phase is the major determinant of yield potential (number of grains). The importance of phonology in research into drought resistance is discussed.

The predictive value of parental, F1 and early generation hill-plot testing for yield among rapidly advanced hexaploid triticales

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Trethowan ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Hill Plot ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Rapid Generation ◽  
Hill Plots

Rapid generation turnover techniques were used to identify parental, single cross or backcross populations with yield potential in triticale. Both complete (complete rye genome) and substituted (2D/2R substitution) triticale karyotypes were crossed. Temperature and light controlled greenhouses, immature seed germination, embryo culture and off season nurseries were used to advance three generations in 11 months. Due to seed limitations in the early generations, hill-plots were used to measure total dry matter, grain yield and harvest index. Mid-parent, F2 and F3 hill-plot yield was equivalent to or better than dry matter and harvest index for the prediction of F4 hill-plot yield. Both hill-plot yield (r = 0.54) and dry matter (r = 0-51) were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with large plot grain yield at the same site in the same year. The best predictors of F4 hill-plot yield were mid-parent, F2 and F3 mean hill-plot yield with phenotypic correlations of 0- 26� 0.17, 0.3510 -03 and 0.44� 0.06 respectively. The F1 (r = -0.02�0.12) provided no association with F4 hill-plot yield, reflecting the high average heterosis for yield (22%) observed in this material. Mid-parent, F2, F3 and F4 dry matter and yield means were significantly lower in inter-karyotypic crosses than intra-karyotypic crosses; however, the relationship between generations appeared to be independent of karyotype. A response to visual selection of individual spikes from hill-plots was obtained at two sites for dry matter and grain yield.

Evaluation of herbage yield in a forage grass breeding program: comparison of visual rating versus measurement in single-row plots or swards

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
M. Tasneem ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
A. Leonforte
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Herbage Yield

To refine selection methods for a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding program, half-sib families and commercial cultivars were evaluated for 3 years with treatments sown as both single-drill rows or swards. Dry matter yield of the perennial ryegrass treatments was evaluated several times in each year as a visual score which was subsequently calibrated against a regression determined by cutting a subset of plots or by cutting all plots. Thus, the experiment evaluated 2 aspects of herbage-yield determination in a perennial ryegrass breeding program: (i) the use of visual estimates of herbage yield to reduce the time spent cutting plots, and (ii) the use of single-row plots compared with swards. The correlation (either as Pearsons correlation coefficient, or Spearmans rank correlation coefficient) between visual estimates of herbage yield was always significant (P<0.01), with the exception of the rank correlation for sward plots in the summer 1995 (r = 0.4; P<0.05). However, the extent of the correlation varied (r = 0.4–0.9), and at some harvests calibrated visual ratings only explained a small proportion of the variance observed in harvested dry matter yields. These data suggest that visual ratings of herbage yield would be accurate enough to be used to detect large differences between families, breeding lines, cultivars or accessions of perennial ryegrass. However, when differences between lines are likely to be small, then harvesting all plots would give a more accurate estimate of the yield of perennial ryegrass lines. Likewise, the herbage yield of perennial ryegrass in single-row plots was significantly correlated with the herbage yield of perennial ryegrass sown as swards (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the correlation was again variable leading to the conclusion that evaluation of perennial ryegrass as single-row plots was not always an accurate indicator of sward yield. For those 4 (of 13) harvests over 3 years where the interaction between sward yield and row yield of the perennial ryegrass lines was significant (P<0.05), this interaction was shown not to be due to significant rank changes but rather to an increase in the differences of yield in swards or yield in single-row plots. We conclude that the harvesting of swards was the most reliable method of estimating the dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass cultivars. However, significant correlations between visual rating of treatments, or yield in single-row plots and measured yield as swards illustrated that these methods (visual ratings and single-plot yields) could be used to reduce the cost of evaluating differences in the herbage yield potential of perennial ryegrass, especially when these differences were likely to be large or when seed is limited, such as during the evaluation of accessions.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Basmati Rice as Affected by Planting Date in Boro Season

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana ◽  
A Zahan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Tall Plant ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in Boro season. BasmatiPNR, Basmati370, Basmati375 and Basmati-D were transplanted started from 10 December, and continued up to 25 January in the following year, at an interval of 15 days. Forty day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm × 15 cm, to find out the optimum planting time and to select the Basmati varieties having high yield potential. The tallness of plants, number of tillers and dry matter were increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the country, number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield and growth duration decreased as delayed planting dates. The short stature BasmatiPNR and tall plant of Basmati375 exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1 and heavier individual grain which contributed to increase grain yield. Thus, high yield potential varieties BasmatiPNR and Basmati375 to be planted in optimum time on 10 December, to obtain maximum grain yield of rice in Boro season.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v11i2.21594  Journal of Science Foundation, 2013;11(2):37-42

Net assimilation rate in barley, oats and wheat

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Net assimilation rate (E) was measured in three experiments involving related species and cultivated varieties with increasing grain yield potential in the genera Hordeum, Avena and Triticum. No consistent differences in E between the barley varieties were found, but in the oat and wheat experiments, Abundance and Atle respectively had lower values of E. However, these differences did not suggest that E had been influenced in selecting for grain yield. The relationship of E to dry-matter production was calculated and discussed.

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