The physiological genetic effects of 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome in "stay green" wheat cultivar CN17

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Luo ◽  
H. Y. Zhang ◽  
K. Shu ◽  
X. H. Wu ◽  
H. Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
High Yield Potential

Rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome arm 1RS in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic background has potential significance for yield improvement without affecting its resistance to several diseases. A new wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), carrying the wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome, exhibited “stay green” phenotypes. To determine the genetic behavior and physiological effect, MY11, CN17, BC1F1, and F2 populations of MY11/CN17 were grown in the normal wheat growing seasons in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. Analysis of photosynthetic parameters showed that the coordinate increase of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and flag leaf area duration from anthesis to maturation (D2) would be the physiological basis of the high yield potential of the 1BL/1RS translocation (CN17). The analysis for morphological indices proposed that the smaller leaf length (Ll), flag leaf width (Lw) and angle between stem and flag leaf (A) would be responsible for the morphological basis of the high yield potential. Analysis of the relationship between the yield and physiological indices suggested that the coordinate increase of source, the partitioning of assimilate from source to sink, and the sink strength was the material basis of the high yield potential. These results afforded some persuasive evidence to support the idea that wheat cultivar CN17 also shows a coordinate relationship between physiology and morphology and is indeed functionally a “stay green” cultivar. The results show that exploitation of a foreign chromosome or chromosome arm such as 1RS to develop “stay green” genotype cultivars in wheat breeding has the potential to increase yields. Key words: 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome, photosynthesis, physiological genetic effect, stay green, wheat

Penilaian Prestasi Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Varieti Padi Terpilih di Seberang Perai

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Amri Saidon ◽  
Shajarutulwardah Mohd. Yusob ◽  
Allicia Jack ◽  
Mohd. Fitri Masarrudin ◽  
Zainudin P. M. D. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
High Yield Potential

The research was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai research plot during main-season 2011/2012 and off-season 2012. Varieties such as MR 272, MR 278, MR 283 and MR 284 showed high yield potential as compared to the control varieties namely MR 211, MR 219, MR 253 and MR 263. According to correlation analysis, traits such as flag leaf width (r = 0.36, p = 0.01), percentage filled grain (r = 0.43, p = 0.002) and spikelets number/panicle (r = -0.43, p = 0.002) showed association toward yield potential. As a result, high rate of photosynthesis is depend to high leaf surface area. In addition, low number of spikelets /panicle can enhance the grain filling. 

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

Developmental and physiological traits associated with high yield and stay-green phenotype in wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Christopher ◽  
A. M. Manschadi ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Water availability is a key limiting factor in wheat production in the northern grain belt of Australia. Varieties with improved adaptation to such conditions are actively sought. The CIMMYT wheat line SeriM82 has shown a significant yield advantage in multi-environment screening trials in this region. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological basis of the adaptive traits underpinning this advantage. Six detailed experiments were conducted to compare the growth, development, and yield of SeriM82 with that of the adapted cultivar, Hartog. The experiments were undertaken in field environments that represented the range of moisture availability conditions commonly encountered by winter crops grown on the deep Vertosol soils of this region. The yield of SeriM82 was 6–28% greater than that of Hartog, and SeriM82 exhibited a stay-green phenotype by maintaining green leaf area longer during the grain-filling period in all environments where yield was significantly greater than Hartog. However, where the availability of deep soil moisture was limited, SeriM82 failed to exhibit significantly greater yield or to express the stay-green phenotype. Thus, the stay-green phenotype was closely associated with the yield advantage of SeriM82. SeriM82 also exhibited higher mean grain mass than Hartog in all environments. It is suggested that small differences in water use before anthesis, or greater water extraction from depth after anthesis, could underlie the stay-green phenotype. The inability of SeriM82 to exhibit stay-green and higher yield where deep soil moisture was depleted indicates that extraction of deep soil moisture is important.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

OAC Bruton soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391
Author(s):  
S. Torabi ◽  
B.T. Stirling ◽  
J. Kobler ◽  
M. Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
High Yield Potential

OAC Bruton is an indeterminate large-seeded food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with high yield potential, high seed protein concentration, and resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Bruton is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2950 or greater crop heat units. OAC Bruton is classified as a maturity group 1 (MG1) cultivar with a relative maturity of 1.8.

scholarly journals Genetic Advance of Durum Wheat Under High Yielding Conditions: The Case of Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro del Pozo ◽  
Iván Matus ◽  
Kurt Ruf ◽  
Dalma Castillo ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
High Yield Potential

In Chile, durum wheat is cultivated in high-yielding Mediterranean environments, therefore breeding programs have selected cultivars with high yield potential in addition to grain quality. The genetic progress in grain yield (GY) between 1964 and 2010 was 72.8 kg ha−1 per year. GY showed a positive and significant correlation with days to heading, kernels per unit ground area and thousand kernel weight. The gluten and protein content tended to decrease with the year of cultivar release. The correlation between the δ13C of kernels and GY was negative and significant (−0.62, p < 0.05, for all cultivars; and −0.97, p < 0.001, excluding the two oldest cultivars). The yield progress (genetic plus agronomic improvements) of a set of 40–46 advanced lines evaluated between 2006 and 2015 was 569 kg ha−1 per year. Unlike other Mediterranean agro-environments, a longer growing cycle together with taller plants seems to be related to the increase in the GY of Chilean durum wheat during recent decades.

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