Sensitivity of field populations of Ascochyta rabiei to chlorothalonil, mancozeb and pyraclostrobin fungicides and effect of strobilurin fungicides on the progress of ascochyta blight of chickpea

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Cultural Measures ◽  
Fungicide Tolerance ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Fungicide Insensitivity

Chickpea production faces a major challenge from ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei), a devastating disease that can cause total crop loss. To assess the effect of repeated fungicide application on disease progress, strobilurin fungicides, primarily alternating pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin treatments, were applied up to five times per year in each of 2 yr. A single application or two early applications reduced blight severity. A third application resulted in additional benefits in 1 of 2 yr, but additional applications did not reduce severity further. To monitor for fungicide tolerance in populations of A. rabiei, 66 single- spore isolates were collected and grown on growth media amended with chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or pyraclostrobin. Insensitivity to one or more of the fungicides was detected in 49 (74%) of the isolates. Based on the effect on conidial germination, insensitivity to pyraclostrobin or chlorothalonil was observed in 26 of 37 isolates (70%). Repeated fungicide application may be selecting for insensitive isolates of the pathogen; fungicide application should be combined with cultural measures to control ascochyta blight. Key words: Fungicide insensitivity, Ascochyta rabiei

Effects of host plant resistance and fungicide applications on Ascochyta blight symptomology and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie Crutcher ◽  
Yesuf Assen Mohammed ◽  
Chengci Chen ◽  
Sherry Turner
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Ascochyta blight (AB), caused by the pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, is a major threat to chickpea production worldwide causing major yield losses and decreasing quality. Control of AB requires integrating pest management options including resistant cultivars and fungicide applications. To address this, fungicides with different modes of action were evaluated on three chickpea cultivars with differing levels of susceptibility to AB under irrigated and dryland conditions in 2015 to 2017. The fungicides were applied once or twice and compared to a no fungicide application control on AB score and yield. The mean grain yields across locations and years were 1753, 1283 and 981 kg/ha, with a corresponding AB mean score of 2.6, 3.2, and 3.3 on 0 to 7 scale (where 0 is no disease and 7 is completely dead) for the moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible chickpea cultivars, respectively. Fungicide application was not enough to control disease throughout the season. The use of AB resistant cultivars had the most significant impact on minimizing the disease and maximizing yield, irrespective of year and location. This study supports previous research indicating that planting AB resistant chickpea cultivars is essential for disease control, regardless of the fungicides applied.

scholarly journals First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Cicer pinnatifidum

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Can ◽  
H. Ozkilinc ◽  
A. Kahraman ◽  
H. Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Fungal Colony ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

In July 2005, small (2 to 5 mm), elongated, dark brown spots on the stems of Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach. were observed on plants grown in the rocky hills of the Kahramanmaras Province. To understand this phenomenon, field trips to Kahramanmaras, Adiyaman, and Sanliurfa provinces were conducted in the summer of 2006. C. pinnatifidum plants exhibiting symptoms similar to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. were collected during May and June. The plants had flowers and pods with seeds at the time of collection. Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems were not extensive. None of the plants had leaf symptoms, but one plant had lesions on its pods. Twelve plants exhibiting Ascochyta blight symptoms were taken to the laboratory, and necrotic parts were used for isolation of the fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 to 5 days of culturing on PDA, characteristic beige-to-dark brown colony development of A. rabiei from explants was observed and five isolates from different locations were recovered. The fungal colony growth was slow and limited conidia formed on PDA. The isolates were also cultured on chickpea meal agar (CMA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media. Abundant conidia formation occurred only on CMA, 10 to 12 days after culturing. Conidia were one-celled similar to that of A. rabiei of chickpea and single-spore isolations were done. C. pinnatifidum and chickpea cv. Gokce (C. arietinum L.) were inoculated with spore suspensions of 5 × 105 spores per ml (2). Ten- to twelve-day-old seedlings were used for inoculation in the experiments. Brown-black lesions at the crown region on C. pinnatifidum seedlings were observed 9 to 10 days after inoculation, and characteristic Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems developed on chickpea cv. Gokce. The fungus was reisolated from the infected seedlings. For molecular characterization, mating type of the isolates was determined by PCR using A. rabiei specific Tail1, Com1, and Sp21 primers (1). A single band of Mat 1.2 specific 500- bp product was amplified by PCR from five of the A. rabiei isolates of C. pinnatifidum. This confirmed that the isolates from C. pinnatifidum are A. rabiei. References: (1) M. P. Barve et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:151, 2003. (2) M. S. A. Khan et al. Plant Pathol. 48:230, 1999.

scholarly journals Reference Genome Assembly for Australian Ascochyta rabiei Isolate ArME14

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2131-2140
Author(s):  
Ramisah Mohd Shah ◽  
Angela H. Williams ◽  
James K. Hane ◽  
Julie A. Lawrence ◽  
Lina M. Farfan-Caceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Putative Protein ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Genome Assemblies

Ascochyta rabiei is the causal organism of ascochyta blight of chickpea and is present in chickpea crops worldwide. Here we report the release of a high-quality PacBio genome assembly for the Australian A. rabiei isolate ArME14. We compare the ArME14 genome assembly with an Illumina assembly for Indian A. rabiei isolate, ArD2. The ArME14 assembly has gapless sequences for nine chromosomes with telomere sequences at both ends and 13 large contig sequences that extend to one telomere. The total length of the ArME14 assembly was 40,927,385 bp, which was 6.26 Mb longer than the ArD2 assembly. Division of the genome by OcculterCut into GC-balanced and AT-dominant segments reveals 21% of the genome contains gene-sparse, AT-rich isochores. Transposable elements and repetitive DNA sequences in the ArME14 assembly made up 15% of the genome. A total of 11,257 protein-coding genes were predicted compared with 10,596 for ArD2. Many of the predicted genes missing from the ArD2 assembly were in genomic regions adjacent to AT-rich sequence. We compared the complement of predicted transcription factors and secreted proteins for the two A. rabiei genome assemblies and found that the isolates contain almost the same set of proteins. The small number of differences could represent real differences in the gene complement between isolates or possibly result from the different sequencing methods used. Prediction pipelines were applied for carbohydrate-active enzymes, secondary metabolite clusters and putative protein effectors. We predict that ArME14 contains between 450 and 650 CAZymes, 39 putative protein effectors and 26 secondary metabolite clusters.

scholarly journals Identification of novel sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in a collection of wild Cicer accessions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby E. Newman ◽  
Silke Jacques ◽  
Christy Grime ◽  
Fiona L. Kamphuis ◽  
Robert C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Cicer Echinospermum ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Chickpea production is constrained worldwide by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of ascochyta blight (AB). In order to reduce the impact of this disease, novel sources of resistance are required in chickpea cultivars. Here, we screened a new collection of wild Cicer accessions for AB resistance and identified accessions resistant to multiple, highly pathogenic isolates. In addition to this, analyses demonstrated that some collection sites of Cicer echinospermum harbour predominantly resistant accessions, knowledge that can inform future collection missions. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study identified regions of the Cicer reticulatum genome associated with AB resistance and investigation of these regions identified candidate resistance genes. Taken together, these results can be utilised to enhance the resistance of chickpea cultivars to this globally yield-limiting disease.

Effects of Planting Pattern and Fungicide Application Systems on Ascochyta Blight Control and Seed Yield in Chickpea

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Rajamohan Chandirasekaran ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Thomas Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Application Systems

CDC Corinne desi chickpea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Taran ◽  
T. Warkentin ◽  
S. Banniza ◽  
A. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Release Program

CDC Corinne, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2008 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Corinne has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and higher yield potential than Myles in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

Fungicide Management of Pasmo of Flax and Sensitivity of Septoria linicola to Pyraclostrobin and Fluxapyroxad

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonima Islam ◽  
Cecil Vera ◽  
Jan Slaski ◽  
Ramona Mohr ◽  
Khalid Y Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Fungicide Insensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Assay

Among the diseases that have the potential to cause damage to flax every year, pasmo, caused by Septoria linicola, is the most important. Fungicide application and a diverse crop rotation are the most important strategies to control this disease because there is little variation in resistance among flax cultivars. However, few fungicide products are available to flax growers. Field studies were conducted at four locations in Western Canada in 2014, 2015 and 2016 to determine the effect of two fungicide active ingredients applied singly and in combination: pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin; and two application timings (early-flower, mid-flower and at both stages) on pasmo severity, seed yield and quality of flaxseed. The results indicated that among the three fungicide treatments, both pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin controlled pasmo effectively, however, fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin was the most beneficial to improve the quality and quantity of the seed at most of the site-years. Disease severity in the fungicide-free control was 70%, application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin decreased disease severity to 18%, followed by pyraclostrobin (23%) and fluxapyroxad (48%). Application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin also improved seed yield to 2562 kg ha-1 compared with 1874 kg ha-1 for the fungicide-free control, followed by pyraclostrobin (2391 kg ha-1) and fluxapyroxad (2340 kg ha-1). Fungicide application at early and mid-flowering stage had the same effects on disease severity and seed yield; however, seed quality was improved more when fungicide was applied at mid-flowering stage. Continuous use of the same fungicide may result in the development of fungicide insensitivity in the pathogen population. Thus, sensitivity of S. linicola isolates to pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad fungicides were determined by the spore germination and microtiter assay methods. Fungicide insensitivity was not detected among the 73 isolates of S. linicola tested against either of these fungicides.

Development of new kabuli large-seeded chickpea materials with resistance to Ascochyta blight

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gil ◽  
P. Castro ◽  
T. Millan ◽  
E. Madrid ◽  
J. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Appearance and size of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are key factors for the market in the Mediterranean Basin driven by consumer preferences. Hence, kabuli large seeds are sold on the market at higher price than the desi seeds. In this crop, Ascochyta blight (caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.) is a serious disease causing major losses in yield. Thus, developing large-seeded kabuli cultivars resistant to blight would be of great importance to farmers. In this study, the use of transgressive inheritance to select new allelic combinations for seed size was applied to develop new chickpea materials with large seeds and resistance to blight. Crosses between five different advanced lines of kabuli chickpea genotypes with medium–large seed size and resistant to blight were performed. As a results of the selections carried out during 10 successive years, 11 F5:9 lines resistant to blight and with large seed size were selected to be released as future varieties. The markers SCY17590 and CaETR were employed to confirm blight resistance of the material developed.

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