The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 9. Impatiens glandulifera Royle

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Clements ◽  
Kathleen R Feenstra ◽  
Karen Jones ◽  
Richard Staniforth
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Himalayan Balsam ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Himalayan balsam) is an invasive alien annual up to 3 m in height with showy flowers that are generally pink or purplish. Native to the Himalayan region, I. glandulifera was first recorded in Canada in 1901 in Ottawa, and is now found in eight Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. Impatiens glandulifera is typically found in riparian habitats and may spread rapidly because its seeds are readily transported via waterways. Up to 2500 seeds are produced per plant and dispersed explosively up to 5 m from the parent plant. This can result in dense monotypic stands which prevent establishment of native plants and make stream banks vulnerable to erosion when the shallow-rooted plants die back. Impatiens glandulifera is susceptible to glyphosate but because herbicide use in riparian areas is not advised, other control methods such as hand weeding, mowing or flaming have been used. Methods for eradication are most successful when upstream populations are controlled first, as the plants spread downstream. Removal of I. glandulifera should be managed synchronously with non-native control measures and ideally be accompanied by planting native species to ensure the restoration of native species composition. The prognosis for curbing its spread in Canada seems poor as it has quite rapidly become established along waterways in many regions, following a pattern seen over the past two centuries in Europe. Key words: Impatiens glandulifera, Impatiens roylei, Himalayan balsam, impatiente glanduleuse, policeman's helmet riparian, invasive plant, weed biology

scholarly journals Sewage Pollution Promotes the Invasion-Related Traits of Impatiens glandulifera in an Oligotrophic Habitat of the Sharr Mountain (Western Balkans)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2814
Author(s):  
Milos Stanojevic ◽  
Maja Trailovic ◽  
Tijana Dubljanin ◽  
Zoran Krivošej ◽  
Miroslav Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Himalayan Balsam ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
Very High ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

An annual plant, Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) is globally widespread and one of Europe’s top invaders. We focused on two questions: does this species indeed not invade the southern areas and does the environment affect some of its key invisibility traits. In an isolated model mountainous valley, we jointly analyzed the soil (21 parameters), the life history traits of the invader (height, stem diameter, aboveground dw), and the resident vegetation (species composition and abundances, Ellenberg indicator values), and supplemented it with local knowledge (semi-structured interviews). Uncontrolled discharge of fecal wastewaters directly into the local dense hydrological network fostered mass infestation of an atypical habitat. The phenotypic plasticity of the measured invasion-related traits was very high in the surveyed early invasion (30–50% invader cover) stages. Different microhabitat conditions consistently correlated with its growth performance. The largest individuals were restricted to the deforested riparian habitats, with extreme soil nutrient enrichment (primarily by P and K) and low-competitive, species-poor resident vegetation. We showed that ecological context can modify invasion-related traits and what could affect a further invasion process. Finally, this species is likely underreported in the wider region; public attitude and loss of traditional ecological knowledge are further management risks.

Evaluating the efficacy of removal treatments on wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-188
Author(s):  
Anna K. M. Bowen ◽  
Vanessa B. Beauchamp ◽  
Martin H. H. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Native Species Richness ◽  
Wavyleaf Basketgrass

AbstractWith the spread of a new invasive plant species, it is vital to determine the effectiveness of removal strategies as well as their advantages and disadvantages before attempting widespread removal. While thousands of dollars have been spent to curtail the spread of wavyleaf basketgrass [Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv.], a relatively new invasive species, the lack of a cohesive management plan and funding has made controlling this species especially difficult. We assessed the efficacy of a variety of chemical control methods and hand weeding for this species and followed select methods over time. We also assessed the potential for ecosystem recovery following removal by measuring total and native species richness in response to treatments. Our pilot study revealed a wide breadth of responses to our eight herbicides, with fluazifop plus fenoxaprop, imazapic, quizalofop, and sulfometuron methyl being the least effective. In our follow-up experiments, hand weeding, glyphosate, and clethodim treatments were effective at reducing O. undulatifolius percent cover, density, and biomass, with an average reduction of at least 48% in the first year. However, we found substantial variation in the effectiveness of clethodim between our two experiments, which was likely driven by site differences. We also found that all three of these removal methods were effective at reducing the number of O. undulatifolius flowering stems and the height of those stems, which will likely reduce the spread of this species to new areas. Finally, we found that these methods have the potential to restore total and native species richness, but that glyphosate-treated plots did not fully recover until 2 yr after treatment.

scholarly journals Printing with Natural Dye Extracted from Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Maja Klančnik
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Invasive alien plants that damagingly overgrow native ecosystems can be beneficially used to produce natural dyes. Natural dyes are healthier and more environmentally friendly than synthetic dyes, so their use on textiles and other products that come into contact with humans is desirable. In this study, the possibility of using a natural dye extracted from the purple petals of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Himalayan balsam) for screen printing on various substrates; woven fabrics and different papers made from virgin fibers, recycled fibers, and from fibers of Japanese knotweed, was investigated. The prints were evaluated by color measurements and fastness properties. With the violet dye extract, purple-brown prints were obtained on papers made from Japanese knotweed, and more brown prints on other substrates. They had excellent rub fastness but faded significantly when exposed to light. The wash fastness of the prints on cotton fabrics was moderate and poor on polyester fabrics, but the prints had good resistance to wet ironing. The addition of acid to the printing paste resulted in a lighter violet color, the addition of alkali caused a drastic color change to green, both additives increased the light fastness of the prints but reduced the fastness on fabrics to wet treatments.

scholarly journals Invasive and potentially invasive plant species in State Nature Biosphere Reserves of the Altai Republic (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
I.A. Artemov ◽  
E. Yu. Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Galinsoga Ciliata ◽  
State Nature ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

In the Altaiskiy and Katunskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserves we registered 44 alien plant species, which were considered in Siberia as invasive and potentially invasive. Among them, there were 30 xenophytes and 14 ergasiophytes species. Rumex acetosella L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.) Blake, and Strophiostoma sparsiflorum (Mikan ex Pohl) Turcz. are considered invasive in the Altaiskiy Reserve because they actively spread there in natural and seminatural plant communities and habitats. Most of the species had appeared in the territories of the reserves before their establishment as a result of agricultural activity or appeared after their establishment because of activity of the reserves themselves. Despite of a big amount of tourists in the reserves, the invasive and potentially invasive plants are absent on the ecological paths at present.

scholarly journals Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Judith Bieberich ◽  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Marianne Lauerer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
The Impact

The impact of invasive species is often difficult to assess due to species × ecosystem interactions. Impatiens glandulifera heavily invaded several habitat types in Central Europe but its impact on native plant communities is rated ambiguously. One reason could be that the impact differs between habitat types or even between environmentally heterogeneous patches (micro-habitats) within one habitat type. In the present study a vegetation survey was performed within heterogeneous riverside habitats in Germany investigating the impact of I. glandulifera on native vegetation in dependence of environmental conditions. The vegetation was recorded in summer and spring because of seasonal species turnover and thus potentially different impact of the invasive plant. We found that the cover of I. glandulifera depended on environmental conditions resulting in a patchy occurrence. I. glandulifera did not have any impact on plant alpha-diversity but reduced the cover of the native vegetation, especially of the dominant species. This effect depended on micro-habitat and season. The native vegetation was most affected in bright micro-habitats, especially those with a high soil moisture. Not distinguishing between micro-habitats, plant species composition was not affected in summer but in spring. However, environmental conditions had a higher impact on the native vegetation than I. glandulifera. We conclude that within riparian habitats the threat of I. glandulifera to the native vegetation can be rated low since native species were reduced in cover but not excluded from the communities. This might be due to patchy occurrence and year-to-year changes in cover of I. glandulifera. The context-dependency in terms of micro-habitat and season requires specific risk assessments which is also an opportunity for nature conservation to develop management plans specific to the different habitats. Particular attention should be given to habitats that are bright and very wet since the effect of I. glandulifera was strongest in these habitats.

scholarly journals Hot water and cutting for control of Impatiens glandulifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Benedikte W. Oliver ◽  
Therese W. Berge ◽  
Knut A. Solhaug ◽  
Inger S. Fløistad
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractOrnamental jewelweed (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) is an alien invasive plant in Europe. This annual plant often grows in riparian habitats where herbicides are prohibited. Several studies have reported the negative effect on ecosystem and ecosystem services by this species. However, limited research is published on control measures and the aim of our study was to explore use of hot water and cutting to control I. glandulifera. A lab experiment showed that the lethal water temperature for seed was between 45 and 50 C. In a pot experiment with seeds in soil, emergence of I. glandulifera was reduced by 78% and 93% compared with the untreated control with volumes of hot water (80 C) of 7.2 and 14.5 L m−2, respectively. When treatments were conducted on relatively tall plants (almost 60 cm) in late June, hot water gave significantly better control than cutting. Compared with an untreated control, I. glandulifera cover was reduced by 97% and 79% after hot water and cutting, respectively. Application of hot water to smaller (<40 cm) and less developed plants (BBCH 12–13) in early June and cutting of plants with visible flower buds (mid-July) led to no significant difference in cover. Compared with an untreated control, I. glandulifera cover was reduced by 99% (cut below first node) and 91% (hot water and cut above first node). When relatively tall plants (almost 60 cm) were treated, hot water use was high (31.1 L m−2) and required twice as many work hours (4.8 min m−2) as cutting (2.4 min m−2). When smaller plants (<40 cm) were targeted, work hours and hot water use were reduced to 2.1 min m−2 and 13.7 L m−2, respectively.

scholarly journals Management and Control Issues for Native, Invasive Species (Reed Canarygrass): Evaluating Philosophical, Management, and Legislative Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson ◽  
Alan G. Smith ◽  
Andrzej K. Noyszewski ◽  
Emi Ito ◽  
Diana Dalbotten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Native Invasive

The issue of native invasive species management rarely occurs and is fraught with biological, social, and economic challenges as well as posing difficulties in decision-making for land managers. The terminology for categorization of invasive species is examined in the context of their bias(es), which complicates control. An example of a newly determined native species, which is also invasive, is used as an example to navigate control and regulatory issues. Native, invasive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) occurs throughout Minnesota and most likely the entire midwest region of central United States and Canadian provinces. The species was previously assumed to be an exotic, nonnative Eurasian import but recent molecular evidence supports its status as a native but invasive species. We address how this change to being a native but highly invasive species modifies approaches to mitigate its potential control for state, Tribal, and local authorities. The implications of these new findings will require differential shifts in land managers’ perspectives and approaches for control. Particular differences may exist for Tribal Land Managers vs. departments of natural resources and private agencies. Additionally, regulatory challenges have yet to be decided on how to legislate control for a native invasive species that had been previously assumed as exotic or foreign in origin. These opportunities to change attitudes and implement judicial control measures will serve as a template for other invasive species that are native in origin.

scholarly journals Orthoptera and allies in the Maritime provinces, Canada: new records and updated provincial checklists

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Klymko ◽  
Paul Catling ◽  
Jeffrey B. Ogden ◽  
Robert W. Harding ◽  
Donald F. McAlpine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
New Records ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
Oecanthus Nigricornis ◽  
Periplaneta Australasiae

We provide an updated checklist of Orthoptera and their allies for each Maritime province of Canada with details for 21 new species records. Drumming Katydid (Meconema thalassinum), recorded from Nova Scotia (NS) and Prince Edward Island (PEI), and Sprinkled Grasshopper (Chloealtis conspersa), recorded from New Brunswick (NB) are reported for the first time from the Maritimes as a whole. We report range extensions in the Maritime region for Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae; NB), Treetop Bush Katydid (Scudderia fasciata; NS), Short-legged Camel Cricket (Ceuthophilus brevipes; PEI), Spotted Camel Cricket (Ceuthophilus maculatus; PEI), Roesel’s Shield-backed Katydid (Roeseliana roesellii; NS), and Black-horned Tree Cricket (Oecanthus nigricornis; PEI). Short-winged Mole Cricket (Neoscapteriscus abbreviatus; NB) and European Mole Cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa; NS) are reported as adventives (non-native species that are believed to be not yet established), new to Canada from the Maritimes. Other new records for species not known to be established are Lined Earwig (Doru taeniatum; NS), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae; PEI), American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana; NB), Brown Cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea; PEI), Smooth Cockroach (Nyctibora laevigata; NB), West Indian Leaf Cockroach (Blaberus discoidalis; NB), an unidentified Parcoblatta species (NB), Brown-banded Cockroach (Supella longipalpa; PEI), Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa; NB), and American Bird Grasshopper (Schistocerca americana; NS).

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