Expression of cucumber LOX genes in response to powdery mildew and defense-related signal molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Keun Oh ◽  
Hyun A. Jang ◽  
Jungeun Kim ◽  
Doil Choi ◽  
Youn-Il Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Cucumber Genome

Oh, S.-K., Jang, H. A., Kim, J., Choi, D., Park, Y.-I. and Kwon, S.-Y. 2014. Expression of cucumber LOX genes in response to powdery mildew and defense-related signal molecules. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 845–850. The cucumber genome contains 23 lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. The expression of seven type-I and six type-II LOX genes was induced when cucumber leaves were challenged with Sphaerotheca fuliginea and treated with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and abscisic acid. These 13 CsLOX genes were differentially regulated during biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Bacterial Compound N,N-Dimethylhexadecylamine Modulates Expression of Iron Deficiency and Defense Response Genes in Medicago truncatula Independently of the Jasmonic Acid Pathway

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Montejano-Ramírez ◽  
Ernesto García-Pineda ◽  
Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Iron Deficient

Plants face a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses including attack by microbial phytopathogens and nutrient deficiencies. Some bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) activate defense and iron-deficiency responses in plants. To establish a relationship between defense and iron deficiency through VOCs, we identified key genes in the defense and iron-deprivation responses of the legume model Medicago truncatula and evaluated the effect of the rhizobacterial VOC N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA) on the gene expression in these pathways by RT-qPCR. DMHDA increased M. truncatula growth 1.5-fold under both iron-sufficient and iron-deficient conditions compared with untreated plants, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonic acid decreased growth. Iron-deficiency induced iron uptake and defense gene expression. Moreover, the effect was greater in combination with DMHDA. Salicylic acid, Pseudomonas syringae, jasmonic acid, and Botrytis cinerea had inhibitory effects on growth and iron response gene expression but activated defense genes. Taken together, our results showed that the VOC DMHDA activates defense and iron-deprivation pathways while inducing a growth promoting effect unlike conventional phytohormones, highlighting that DMHDA does not mimic jasmonic acid but induces an alternative pathway. This is a novel aspect in the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic stresses induce AbSAMT1, encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine: salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, in Atropa belladonna

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonil Kwon ◽  
Kenichi Hamada ◽  
Aya Matsuyama ◽  
Michiko Yasuda ◽  
Hideo Nakashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Carboxyl Methyltransferase

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in the cucumber genome and transcriptome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Chen ◽  
Xueqian Chen ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Wenli Lu ◽  
Zhonghai Ren
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Cucumber Genome

Abstract Background Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important vegetable crop species. However, it is susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, particularly in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the expression pattern of WRKY genes under different stresses in cucumber. Results In the present study, an analysis of the new assembly of the cucumber genome (v3.0) allowed the identification of 61 cucumber WRKY genes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses were performed using related species to investigate the evolution of the cucumber WRKY genes. The 61 CsWRKYs were classified into three main groups, within which the gene structure and motif compositions were conserved. Tissue expression profiles of the WRKY genes demonstrated that 24 CsWRKY genes showed constitutive expression (FPKM > 1 in all samples), and some WRKY genes showed organ-specific expression, suggesting that these WRKYs might be important for plant growth and organ development in cucumber. Importantly, analysis of the CsWRKY gene expression patterns revealed that five CsWRKY genes strongly responded to both salt and heat stresses, 12 genes were observed to be expressed in response to infection from downy mildew and powdery mildew, and three CsWRKY genes simultaneously responded to all treatments analysed. Some CsWRKY genes were observed to be induced/repressed at different times after abiotic or biotic stress treatment, demonstrating that cucumber WRKY genes might play different roles during different stress responses and that their expression patterns vary in response to stresses. Conclusions Sixty-one WRKY genes were identified in cucumber, and insight into their classification, evolution, and expression patterns was gained in this study. Responses to different abiotic and biotic stresses in cucumber were also investigated. Our results provide a better understanding of the function of CsWRKY genes in improving abiotic and biotic stress resistance in cucumber.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in the cucumber genome and transcriptome‑wide identification of WRKY transcription factors that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Chen ◽  
Xueqian Chen ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Wenli Lu ◽  
Zhonghai Ren
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Cucumber Genome

Abstract Background: Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important vegetable crop species. However, it is susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, particularly in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the expression pattern of WRKY genes under different stresses in cucumber. Results: In the present study, an analysis of the new assembly of the cucumber genome (v3.0) allowed the identification of 61 cucumber WRKY genes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses were performed using related species to investigate the evolution of the cucumber WRKY genes. The 61 CsWRKYs were classified into three main groups, within which the gene structure and motif compositions were conserved. Tissue expression profiles of the WRKY genes demonstrated that 24 CsWRKY genes showed constitutive expression (FPKM > 1 in all samples), and some WRKY genes showed organ-specific expression, suggesting that these WRKYs might be important for plant growth and organ development in cucumber. Importantly, analysis of the CsWRKY gene expression patterns revealed that 7 CsWRKY genes strongly responded to both salt and heat stresses, 12 genes were observed to be expressed in response to infection from downy mildew and powdery mildew, and three CsWRKY genes simultaneously responded to all treatments analysed. Some CsWRKY genes were observed to be induced/repressed at different times after abiotic or biotic stress treatment, demonstrating that cucumber WRKY genes might play different roles during different stress responses and that their expression patterns vary in response to stresses. Conclusions: Sixty-one WRKY genes were identified in cucumber, and insight into their classification, evolution, and expression patterns was gained in this study. Responses to different abiotic and biotic stresses in cucumber were also investigated. Our results provide a better understanding of the function of Cs WRKY genes in improving abiotic and biotic stress resistance in cucumber.

scholarly journals FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED CHARACTERIZATION OF SALICYLIC ACID TREATED RICE PLANTS AGAINST Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1D) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Toan Le Thanh ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Natthiya Buensanteai
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

<p>Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in induction of plant defence against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses through physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. The study was carried out to evaluate defence reponses of SA- induced rice plants against leaf blight (LB) disease, caused by <em>X</em><em>anthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzae</em> (Xoo). In this study, a series of SA solutions at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM were evaluated for their potential to protect rice LB in the net house conditions. Biochemical analyses were characterized by means of a FTIR spectroscope. Our results showed that at inoculated leaves, the elicitor of SA at a concentration of 1.0 mM had highest reduction of disease severity approximately 34 % at 21 days after inoculation, compared to the control. Moreover, SA application and Xoo inoculation were efficient for enhancing of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins modifications at both above and below leaves compared to the inoculated leaf. These results collectively suggest that the elicitor of SA strongly induced the systemic resistance in rice plants.</p>

scholarly journals Introgressions of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. to obtain grapevine genotypes with complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700
Author(s):  
V. A. Volynkin ◽  
V. V. Likhovskoi ◽  
I. A. Vasylyk ◽  
N. A. Rybachenko ◽  
E. A. Lushchay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
The Family ◽  
M 31 ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. is one of the species of the family Vitaceae, with resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study reports new scientific knowledge about the inheritance of resistance to downy mildew, powdery mildew and frost by V. vinifera varieties from V. rotundifolia. Recombinant lines of three hybrid populations from the crossing of the maternal genotype ♀M. 31-77-10 with V. rotundifolia hybrids were used as the object of the study. As a result of laboratory screening, more than 40 % of recombinants of the ♀M. 31-77-10× ×[DRX-M5-734+DRX-M5-753+DRX-M5-790] population showed a high degree of frost resistance (–24 °C), while 6 % of transgressive recombinants were characterized by a very high degree of resistance (–27 °С). The maternal genotype ♀M. 31-77-10 does not carry alleles of resistance to powdery mildew at the Run1 locus and in the field suffers from powdery mildew much more than the paternal genotypes. The prevalence of powdery mildew on vegetative organs in the three recombinant populations over the years varies on average between 3.2–17.1, 0.3–17.7 and 0.6–5.2 %, respectively. As a result, almost all recombinant genotypes that received a resistant allele from the paternal genome are highly resistant to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Flavones Produced by Mulberry Flavone Synthase Type I Constitute a Defense Line against the Ultraviolet-B Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Qiwei Zeng ◽  
Yiwei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Flavone Synthase

Flavones, one of the largest classes of flavonoids in plants, have a variety of bioactivities and participate in the resistance response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, flavone synthase (FNS), the key enzyme for flavone biosynthesis, has not yet been characterized in mulberry. In this study, we report that the leaves of certain mulberry cultivars, namely BJ7, PS2, and G14, are rich in flavones. We identified a Fe2+/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase from Morus notabilis (MnFNSI) that shows the typical enzymatic activity of a FNSI-type enzyme, and directly converts eriodictyol and naringenin into their corresponding flavones. Overexpression of MnFNSI in tobacco increased the flavones contents in leaves and enhanced the tolerance of tobacco to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress. We found that mulberry cultivars with higher flavones contents exhibit less UV-B induced damage after a UV-B treatment. Accordingly, our findings demonstrate that MnFNSI, a FNSI-type enzyme, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavones, which provide protection against UV-B radiation. These results lay the foundation for obtaining mulberry germplasm resources that are more tolerant to UV-B stress and richer in their nutritional value.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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