Effects of adaptation to lasalocid, monensin or a daily rotation of lasalocid and monensin on in vitro fermentation of a 90% concentrate diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Duff ◽  
M. L. Galyean ◽  
M. E. Branine
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Incubation

Effects of adaptation to L, M or a daily rotation of L and M (R) on in vitro fermentation were measured in a replicated in vitro experiment with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were adaptation of ruminal fluid donor steers (0 or 200 mg steer−1 d−1 of L, M or R) and culture ionophore treatment (0 or 4 μg mL−1 of L, M or a 50:50 mixture of L and M). At 12 and 24 h, IVDMD was increased (P < 0.05) by adaptation to L compared with M, and decreased at 12 h (P < 0.05) by adaptation to R compared with the average of L and M adaptation. At 6 and 12 h, culture ionophore treatments increased (P < 0.10) IVDMD, compared with control. After 24 and 48 h of in vitro incubation, L adaptation increased (P < 0.01) acetate, decreased (P < 0.01) propionate, increased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.01), and increased total VF A (P < 0.05), compared with M adaptation. Total VFA was increased (P < 0.10) for ionophore adaptation treatments compared with control at 48 h of incubation. Culture ionophore treatments decreased (P < 0.10) acetate and increased (P < 0.05) propionate at 24 and 48 h and decreased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.10) at 24 h of incubation versus control cultures, with no measurable effects on total VFA. Adaptation treatments did not interact with culture treatments, suggesting that animals used as inoculum donors for in vitro experiments involving ionophores need not be adapted to an ionophore. Key words: In vitro, fermentation, ionophores, monensin, lasalocid

Effects of adaptation to lasalocid or monensin on in vitro fermentation of prairie hay

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
G. C. Duff ◽  
M. L. Galyean ◽  
M. E. Branine
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment

Effects of adaptation to lasalocid (L) or monensin (M) on in vitro fermentation of prairie hay were measured in a replicated in vitro experiment with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were adaptation of ruminal fluid donor steers (ADAPT; no ionophore, 200 mg steer−1 d−1 of L, or 200 mg steer−1 d−1 of M) and culture ionophores (IONO; no ionophore, 4 μg mL−1 of L, or 4 μg mL−1 of M). At 12 and 96 h of incubation, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was increased (P < 0.10 and P < 0.05, respectively) by M-ADAPT compared with L-ADAPT, and IVDMD was increased (P < 0.10) by ionophore adaptation treatments compared with control at 96 h of incubation. In contrast to effects of adaptation treatments, culture ionophore treatments decreased (P < 0.01) IVDMD at 12 and 96 h compared with control; furthermore, at 12 h, M in culture decreased (P < 0.05) IVDMD compared with L in culture. At 24, 48, and 72 h addition of both L and M in culture to unadapted inoculum decreased (P < 0.10) IVDMD compared with control. Addition of M in culture decreased (P < 0.10) the rate of IVDMD when added to unadapted and L-adapted inoculum compared with C and L in culture. Acetate was decreased (P < 0.10), propionate increased (P < 0.10), and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.05) by ionophore adaptation compared with control at 24 h of incubation and by culture ionophore treatments compared with control at 48 h of incubation. Results indicate that effects of ionophores on in vitro fermentation of prairie hay depended on adaptation of the donor animals to the ionophores. In addition, monensin, when added to the culture, seemed to be more detrimental to in vitro fermentation of a low-quality forage than lasalocid. Key words: In vitro, fermentation, ionophores, monensin, lasalocid

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to the Endocrine Disrupting Chemical DEHP Impacts Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in the Pituitary

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A491-A491
Author(s):  
Xiyu Ge ◽  
Karen Weis ◽  
Lori Raetzman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Dehp Exposure

Abstract Phthalates are chemicals used in various common products including plastics and medical devices, leading to widespread contact. Phthalate exposure during embryonic development can cause changes in puberty timing, reduced fertility and genital abnormalities. Previous studies on prenatal exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mice indicated that it disrupts pituitary-gonadal feedback and alters reproductive performance in the offspring, however, the mechanism behind this is unknown. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to DEHP during a critical period of embryonic development (e15.5 to e18.5) will cause sex-specific disruptions in reproduction-related functions in the pituitary in offspring due to interference with androgen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. In order to discover the direct effects of DEHP on the reproduction-related functions in the pituitary, we performed both in vivo dosing and in vitro pituitary culture experiments. First, we dosed pregnant CD-1 mice with corn oil, the antiandrogen flutamide or DEHP from gestational day 15.5 to 18.5, then collected the pituitaries of the offspring on postnatal day 0. We found that prenatal DEHP exposure caused a significant increase in Fshb specifically in males, and flutamide caused significant increases in both Lhb and Fshb in males. Besides, DEHP exposure significantly increased AhR pathway related gene Cyp1b1 in both males and females. In the in vitro experiment, we took whole pituitaries from e16.5 embryos and cultured them in media containing DEHP, MEHP and/or AhR antagonist for 72hrs. We found that the DEHP metabolite MEHP was actually the chemical that exerted the effects directly at the level of the pituitary. Similar to in vivo experiments, Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA level were increased in pituitaries treated with MEHP in both sexes and the induction could be reduced by co-treatment with AhR antagonist. The mRNA level of Lhb, Fshb and Gnrhr were significantly decreased in both sexes by MEHP and co-treatment with AhR antagonist did not restore mRNA levels. The induction of Cyp1a1/Cyp1b1 gene in both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicates the possible activation of AhR by DEHP/MEHP. The in vitro experiment with AhR antagonist further proved that the induction of Cyp1a1/Cyp1b1 was indeed due to AhR activation directly at the level of the pituitary. The difference between in vivo and in vitro experiments in terms of gonadotropin gene expression indicates multiple mechanisms should be involved in the regulation of gonadotropin gene expression in vivo including androgen-related pathways and possibly AhR-related pathways. In summary, our data suggest that phthalates can directly affect the function of the pituitary in terms of regulation of reproductive- related genes. This indicates that pituitary impacts of phthalates could contribute to reproductive dysfunction observed in exposed mice and humans.

In Silico and in Vitro Evaluation of Deamidation Effects on the Stability of the Fusion Toxin DAB389IL-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zarkar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Nasiri Khalili ◽  
Fathollah Ahmadpour ◽  
Sirus Khodadadi ◽  
Mehdi Zeinoddini
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Protein ◽  
The Stability

Background: DAB389IL-2 (Denileukin diftitox) as an immunotoxin is a targeted pharmaceutical protein and is the first immunotoxin approved by FDA. It is used for the treatment of various kinds of cancer such as CTCL lymphoma, melanoma, and Leukemia but among all of these, treatment of CTCL has special importance. DAB389IL-2 consists of two distinct parts; the catalytic domain of Diphtheria Toxin (DT) that genetically fused to the whole IL-2. Deamidation is the most important reaction for chemical instability of proteins occurs during manufacture and storage. Deamidation of asparagine residues occurs at a higher rate than glutamine residues. The structure of proteins, temperature and pH are the most important factors that influence the rate of deamidation. Methods: Since there is not any information about deamidation of DAB389IL-2, we studied in silico deamidation by Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations using GROMACS software. The 3D model of fusion protein DAB389IL-2 was used as a template for deamidation. Then, the stability of deamidated and native form of the drug was calculated. Results: The results of MD simulations were showed that the deamidated form of DAB389IL-2 is more unstable than the normal form. Also, deamidation was carried by incubating DAB389IL-2, 0.3 mg/ml in ammonium hydrogen carbonate for 24 h at 37o C in order to in vitro experiment. Conclusion: The results of in vitro experiment were confirmed outcomes of in silico study. In silico and in vitro experiments were demonstrated that DAB389IL-2 is unstable in deamidated form.

Effect of bleaching on ethyl glucuronide in hair: An in vitro experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 198 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Morini ◽  
Alessandra Zucchella ◽  
Aldo Polettini ◽  
Lucia Politi ◽  
Angelo Groppi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment

scholarly journals A review of biocompatibility of zirconia: In vitro experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Won Suh ◽  
Young-Kyun Kim ◽  
Yang-Jin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment

scholarly journals Stratified Community Responses to Methane and Sulfate Supplies in Mud Volcano Deposits: Insights from an In Vitro Experiment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e113004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Lois Maignien ◽  
Alina Stadnitskaia ◽  
Pascal Boeckx ◽  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Community Responses ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment
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