scholarly journals A comparison of choice and phase feeding for growing–finishing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Nam ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Feeding Systems

A growing-finishing trial using 72 crossbred gilts (19.7 kg initially) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of choice feeding in the production of pigs. Six pens of three gilts were assigned to each of the following feeding systems: (1) conventional three-phase feeding (18–16–14% crude protein; P3), (2) one-phase feeding (16%; P1), (3) three-phase choice feeding (24–14, 22–12, 20–10%; C3) of two diets differing in protein level, and (4) one-phase choice feeding (24–10% throughout; CI). The three growth periods were 20–50, 50–70 and 70–105 kg live weight. All diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained the same energy level (13.7 MJ DE kg−1). Choice feeding systems (C1 and C3) during the grower period (20–50 kg) increased (P < 0.05) feed intake (1.52 vs. 1.33 kg d−1) and weight gain (801 vs. 731 g d−1) compared with those of phase feeding (P1 and P3). In the 50–105 kg growth phase, feeding systems had no effect on pig growth performance. Feed intake over the entire period (20–105 kg) was higher (P < 0.05) with choice feeding (2.55 kg d−1) than with phase feeding (2.27). Dietary protein intake increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in choice-fed pigs, and more dietary protein was required (P < 0.05) for weight gain from choice feeding than from phase feeding. There were no significant differences in the protein content of the diets selected by C1 and C3 pigs for any period or for the overall experiment. There were no significant effects of feeding system on carcass traits, except that carcass dressing percentage was highest (P < 0.05) for C3 pigs. These results suggest that choice-fed pigs consumed more dietary protein and required more protein for weight gain than pigs in a phase feeding system. Also, growing–finishing pigs do not have the ability to select a protein intake to meet their requirement for protein when they are provided a choice of diets differing in protein content. There was no advantage to using a three-phase choice feeding system rather than a singe-phase choice system. Key words: Choice feeding, protein selection, performance, carcass characteristics, pigs

scholarly journals Examination of high-resolution feed intake data of growing-finishing pigs confronted with high deoxynivalenol contents present in their feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Peter Loibl ◽  
Wilhelm Windisch ◽  
Wolfgang Preißinger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Feeding Systems

Modern single space feeding systems for fattening pigs allow the detailed assessment of an individual animal’s feeding behaviour. In an experiment involving 96 fattening pigs, the influence of deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated feed (&gt; 4 500 µg/kg DON) on the zootechnical performance and feeding behaviour was compared with a feed with low DON concentration (&lt; 900 µg/kg DON), this served as the control group. Additionally, in separate treatments, two commercial mycotoxin binders were added to the DON-contaminated feeds to assess if an expected DON effect could be attenuated. The high DON content significantly (P &lt; 0.03) reduced daily feed intake (500–600 g/day). The DON group showed 240 g less daily gain compared to the control with 728 g/day. Both mycotoxin binders were seen to additionally depress weight gain by approximately 65 g/day (P &lt; 0.01). The treatment did not affect the individual feeding behaviour as assessed by daily visits to the feeder, feed intake per visit and the highest feed intake per visit per day. These were influenced only by the pig and its pen, indicating that the animals developed a distinct behaviour within their respective groups. Behaviour analyses of persistency and day-to-day variation showed that the persistency was reduced and variation was increased when DON without or with binder was present. The DON contents therefore seemed to lead to a more erratic and less consistent behaviour that remained dependent on the animal group.

Single and choice-feeding of pigs as methods of investigating their ability to control protein intake

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
C.T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Control Protein

The experiment described here was designed to test the proposition that growing pigs can control their overall intake of protein: on a feed with a low level of crude protein (CP) by increasing their daily feed intake (up to a limit) and, given a choice of two feeds with different levels of CP, by selecting a diet with optimal protein content.

The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
S. Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Index ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein intake and glycemic index on the association between TCF7L2 HapA and weight gain

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Fisher ◽  
Karina Meidtner ◽  
Lars Ängquist ◽  
Claus Holst ◽  
Rikke Dalgaard Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

The influence of dietary protein and caloric content on thyroid function and hepatic thyroxine 5′-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1526-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Eales ◽  
D. L. MacLatchy ◽  
D. A. Higgs ◽  
B. S. Dosanjh
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Substrate Affinity ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

The influence of dietary protein and caloric intake on thyroid function of immature rainbow trout (6.5 °C; 12 h L: 12 h D photocycle) fed a daily ration of 0.97% of body weight was studied. In experiment 1, trout fed four isocaloric diets (~ 3300 kcal of estimated metabolizable energy/kg; 1 cal = 4.1855 KJ) of identical digestible carbohydrate content (15.2%) but with varying percentages of lipid (7.5–17.6%) and protein (25.6–47.5%) exhibited negligible or modest changes in plasma L-thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) after 7 or 35 days. After 14 days, activity of hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase (5′D), which converts T4 to the active T3 form, was unaltered. However, at 38 days the functional level (Vmax) of 5′D was directly related to the level of protein intake. Substrate affinity (Km) was unchanged. In experiment 2, trout fed four isocaloric diets (~ 3575 kcal/kg) of similar lipid content (15.8%) but with varying percentages of digestible carbohydrate (3.6–54.2%) and protein (0.32–47.1%) generally showed unaltered plasma T4 after 7 or 35 days, but plasma T3 was depressed by the lowest dietary protein levels. Activity of 5′D was unaffected at 14 days, but at 38 days Vmax was directly related to the level of protein ingested; Km was not changed. Trout pair-fed diets of the highest protein content to achieve levels of protein intake equivalent to those of trout fed diets of lower protein content showed a depressed Vmax but no changes in Km or plasma T4 or T3 levels. We conclude that the level of protein intake in trout mainly determines the activity of 5′D, which is a more sensitive index of chronic thyroidal adjustment than plasma T4 or T3 levels. However, the amount of ingested protein relative to total available dietary energy and (or) the absolute intake levels of one or more nonprotein nutrients change 5′D activity, possibly by influencing the balance between protein synthesis and degradation.

scholarly journals Effect of graded levels of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Meer) crush waste on the performance, carcass yield and blood parameters of broiler chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
A. W. Lamidi ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
D. Eruvbetine ◽  
W. O. Biobaku
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 56 - day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate pineapple crush waste (PCW) as dietary fibre source in broiler diets. Five straight diets were formulated to contain the PCWat dietary levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% as replacement for wheat offal. One hundred and fifty (150), day-old "Anak 2000" broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 5 diets containing three replicates per treatment with 10 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The final body weight, daily weight, daily feed intake and daily protein intake were generally higher in the birds fed diet 2 (2.5% PCW). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in daily feed intake and daily protein intake between the group on diet l and the other groups, while daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were statistically the same (P >0.05) across the treatments. Digestible crude fibre values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing levels of PCW in the diets while the other digestibility percentages were comparable (P >0.05) in all dietary treatments. Values for the hematological parameters and blood serum chemistry did not deviate (P >0.05) statistically from established normal values for chicken. However, liver weights significantly increased (P < 0.05) across the dietary treatments while other organs observed did not differ significantly (P >0.05) in weight across the treatments. Cost per kg feed decreased as the level of PCW inclusion in the diets increased while the cost per kg weight gain showed that birds sed on diet 4 (7.5% PCW) were the most economical to produce. The results suggest that PCW could replace wheat offal in broiler diet up to 10.0% as a dietary fibre source without any deleterious effect. 

scholarly journals Influence of level of groundnut haulms and feeding system on performance of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
G. T Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
I. K Tudunwada ◽  
A. Tijjani ◽  
I. R Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Separate System

Forty crossbred weaner rabbits were used in a factorial experiment involving three levels (15, 30 and 45%) of groundnut haulms(GHM) and two feeding systems (separate and mixed). Ratios of concentrate to groundnut haulms or groundnut haulmsmeal were: 1) 85% concentrate plus 15% GHM, 2) 70% concentrate plus 30% GHM and 3) 55% concentrate plus 45% GHM. For separate feeding system, concentrate and groundnut haulms were offered in separate feeders while for mixed feeding system, groundnut haulms meal was incorporated into the concentrate as complete diets. The control rabbits were placed on concentrate alone. Total feed offered was 100g/rabbit/day. Final weight, feed intake and total weight gain increased quadratically with increase in level of groundnut forage. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by level of groundnut forage. Feed cost and cost/kg gain decreased with increase in groundnut haulms level. Savings/kg gain increased with increase in level of groundnut haulms from ₦7.9 to ₦107.6. Feeding groundnut haulms separately or mixed increased daily feed intake of rabbits than sole concentrate. ADG was higher for separate feeding than mixed and sole concentrate. Feed cost was significantly higher for sole concentrate than separate and mixed feeding. Savings/kg gain was ₦450 - ₦300 for separate and mixed feeding compared with sole concentrate. Feed intake was higher for separate at 15 and 45% GHM, while for 30% GHM, mixed feeding had higher intake than separate system. ADG was higher for separate than mixed feeding for all levels of groundnut forage. Feed conversion ratio was similar for separate and mixed feeding system irrespective of groundnut haulms level. Feed cost was lower for separate feeding system at all GHM levels except for 30% GHM level where it was higher for mixed than separate feeding. Feed cost/kg gain was higher for mixed feeding at 15 and 45% GH and lowest for separate at 45% GHM. It is concluded that rabbits can be offered up to 45% GHM while, separate feeding was better than mixed feeding.

scholarly journals The Replacement Value of Brewers Yeast Slurry-Maize Offal Mixture for Full fat Soybeans and Maize in the Diets of Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
G. O. Achadu ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwu ◽  
F. G. Kaankuka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Sixteen crossbred pigs (Large Whie x Landrace x Hamoshire) were used in two feeding trials to evaluate the replacement value of brewers yeast slurry-maize offal mixture (BYS-MO) for full fat soybean (FFSB) and maize in the diets of pigs, and in addition to determine carcass characteristics in experiment 2. In experiment 1 four isocaloric (3250 Kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (18% crude protein maize - full - fat soybean based diets containing 0, 22.75, 40 and 59.15% of a 1.5: 1 (weight/weight) mixture of BYS_MO were fed ad libitum for 30 days. Parameters concluded included daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed to gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio, cost per kg weight gain, linear and jointed carcass parameters and weights of internal organs. Due to the high protein content (44.3% of CP) of BYS, the BYS_MO mixture gave a product whose protein content of 34.3% was close to that of FFSB (36.4% CP). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments in all the parameters measured. However, the cost of feed was lower for the diets containing BYS-MO than the control diets in both experiments, thereby reducing the cost per kg weight gain from #129.20 to #96.20, #84.00 and #43.50 respectively for diets i, ii, iii and iv in experiment 1 and from #133.37 to #116.38, #109.77 and #108.06 respectively for diets i, ii, iii and iv in experiment 2. The 1.5:1 (weight/weight) brewers yeast slurry-maize offal mixtutre can replace up to 40 to 59% of maize and full fat soybeans in diets for weaner-grower pigs and finishing pigs withoutv any adverse effects on performance and carcass quality.

THE EFFECT OF THE ESSENTIAL TO NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACID RATIO ON TURKEY PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. BEDFORD ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Protein Intake

The effect of altering the proportion of dietary protein supplied as essential amino acids (EAA) on the performance and carcass characteristics of young turkeys (to 3 wk of age) was investigated at three dietary protein levels (22, 26 and 30%) using semipurified diets. Four ratios of EAA to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) were employed (70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60) at each dietary protein level. Maxima in weight gain, percent and total carcass protein and feed intake were observed when EAA supplied 60% of total protein (i.e., the 60:40 ratio) at each protein level. The differences in weight gain and total carcass protein were largely attributed to differences in feed intake, since feed conversion efficiency was relatively unaffected by altering the EAA: NEAA ratio. More specifically, weight gain was shown to be limited by total protein intake. Since weight gain was maximized at the 60:40 ratio diets (in which all EAA are supplied at 128% of requirement) at least one of the EAA requirement values is incorrect. Key words: Turkeys, essential amino acids, protein requirement

scholarly journals Effects of varying levels of dietary protein on the performance of rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
O. O. A. Fasanya ◽  
M. O. Ijaiya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Optimum Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen Newzealand White rabbits aged 9.5 = 0.5 weeks weighing 0.72-0.99kg were used to evaluate the experimental rations which allowed for good weight gain. They were divided into 4 groups and allotted four different diets for the treatment groups with 10, 13, 16 and 20% CP. Feed intake (FI) for the treatment groups were 58.52, 61.46, 57.35, and 61.06g while average daily gain (ADG) were 4.22, 4.35, 5.32 and 6.02g for the groups. There were significant increase (P<0.01) in the digestibility of CP, EE and NFE within the treatment groups. Diets containing 16-20% CP may provide adequate nutrients for optimum weight gain of Newzealand rabbits. 

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