Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver from two broiler chicken lines

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
R. W. Fairfull ◽  
M. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Unit Body Weight

Hepatic levels of phosphorus-containing compounds that are related to fat metabolism in the liver of two broiler lines with different body-fat content were assessed using high-resolution 31P NMR spectroscopy. PCA extracts of livers from 16-d-old chicks were analyzed with an NMR spectrometer. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of G3P, AMP and phosphocholine were significantly higher in the livers of LL birds than in those of the FL birds (P < 0.05). Differences in hepatic concentration of GPE and GPC were not detected between the two lines. It was also found that the liver weight per unit body weight of the FL chickens was less than that of the LL birds (P < 0.01). Average body weight of FL birds at 16 d of age was lighter than that of LL birds (P = 0.01). The FL birds deposited more (P < 0.05) fat per unit body weight than the LL birds. However, no statistical difference (P > 0.05) was found in protein deposition per unit body weight between the two lines. These results indicate that liver size and the concentration of hepatic phosphorus containing compounds are related to the partition of energy in broiler chickens. Key words: NMR spectroscopy, phosphorus-containing compounds, fat deposition, liver, broiler chicken

scholarly journals Evaluasi Performa dan Income Over Feed & Chick Cost (IOFCC) Tiga Strain Ayam Broiler yang Beredar di Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfan Zulfan ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa tiga strain ayam broiler yang umumnya dipelihara di Aceh. Materi yang digunakan adalah 150 ekor anak ayam broiler (DOC) strain Cobb 500, CP 707, dan MB 202 masing-masing berjumlah 50 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor anak ayam. Perlakuan adalah tiga strain ayam broiler: Cobb 500 (P1), CP 707 (P2), dan MB 202 (P3). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum (FCR), mortalitas, dan Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain. Strain MB 202 dan CP 707 memiliki bobot badan akhir (6 minggu) dan konsumsi ransum nyata (P0,05) lebih tinggi daripada Cobb 500. Angka konversi ransum tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara ketiga strain pada semua umur panen. Nilai IOFCC tertinggi dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain dan lama pemeliharaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan adaptasi strain terhadap iklim setempat (pesisir Aceh) pada periode berbeda-beda yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat keuntungannya. Strain Cobb 500 memiliki kemampuan adaptasi lebih baik selama periode awal, sedangkan CP 707 dan MB 202 selama periode akhir. (Evaluation of performances and income over feed chick cost (iofcc) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh) ABSTRACT. The study aimed to evaluate the performances and Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh. As many as 150 chicks of three different broiler strains (50 birds each) were used in this study. The study was performed into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consists of 3 treatments and 5 replications creating 15 experimental units containing 10 birds each. The treatments were 3 different strains of broiler chickens i.e. Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202. The birds were reared up to 6 weeks to expose their performances recorded as final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion, as well as mortality. Economic value was evaluated by calculating IOFCC. Results of study showed that performances of broilers were significantly (P0,05) influenced by the strains. Strains MB 202 and CP 707 represented more superior than Cobb 500 for 5−6 weeks of raising periods. However, the later was not inferior during initial phase close to 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in FCR among all strains for different ages. The IOFCC related to the strains and their marketing ages. The highest IOFCC was obtained by Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202 as they were sold at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, the achievements of the performances in various broiler strains were affected by the site climate (Aceh) in different stages of their ages. Cobb 500 had proper adaptation during starter, while CP 707 and MB 202 appeared seem to be better than Cobb 500 during finisher period.

Subchronic Toxicity of Monensin in Broiler Chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Wagner ◽  
R. D. Furrow ◽  
B. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Growing Period

One hundred ninety-two male broiler chicks were dosed with monensin at concentrations of 0, 121, or 242 mg/kg feed throughout the normal growing period (50 days). Body weight gain and feed efficiency were determined weekly, and cardiac muscle was examined grossly and histologically at the end of the experiment. Livers also were weighed and examined grossly. Feed intake was determined daily, allowing continuous monitoring of drug intake. No depressing effects of the drug on growth rate and efficiency were observed until after four weeks, and then were evident only in the chicks receiving the 242 mg/kg diet. Subepicardial hemorrhage and congestion occurred in 40% of the hearts from the chickens fed the high monensin dose and were nonexistent in the other treatments. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between monensin dose and liver weight. The paralytic effects previously reported from acute dosing experiments were not observed. The results show that the heart and probably the liver are sensitive indicators of monensin toxicity and that the subchronic toxic dose is less than 18 mg/kg body weight per day.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactococcus lactis vs. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria on chicken body weight, mortality, feed conversion and carcass quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Brzóska ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński ◽  
Krystyna Stecka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dressing Percentage

AbstractA total of 608 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes were studied to determine the effect of Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria compared to probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 on body weight, feed consumption and conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, postmortem carcass traits, composition of breast muscle tissue, and blood plasma traits. Feeding diets with bacteria to chickens did not increase body weight at 42 days of age or improve feed conversion compared to control chickens. It significantly reduced chicken mortality compared to the control group, from 3.3% to 1.4% (P<0.01). No significant differences were found in feed consumption and conversion. There were no significant differences in the weight of carcasses and their parts. Lactococcus lactis 847 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 bacteria significantly increased dressing percentage (P<0.05). Lactococcus lactis 847 significantly increased liver weight (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carcass fatness, and in the dry matter, protein and fat content of breast muscles. Feeding diet with Lactobacillus plantarum 837 to chickens significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels, and feeding diet with Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 significantly decreased the level of high-density cholesterol (P<0.05). In conclusion, Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria in diet significantly reduce losses due to digestive disorders while having no effect on the quantity and proportion of saleable cuts in the carcass, the composition of breast muscles and basic blood parameters.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Meal Supplementation in Broiler Chicken Ration on Weight of Internal Organs, HDL and Triglyceride Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mardewi ◽  
Ni Ketut Etty Suwitari ◽  
Ni Ketut Sri Rukmini ◽  
I Gusti Agung Dewi Seri Rejeki ◽  
Ni Made Gemuh Rasa Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

This study aims to examine the effect of Moringa leaf meal on broiler chicken ration to the weight of internal organs, triglyceride levels and HDL. The material used in the study was 60 broiler chicken age 2 weeks strain CP707. The design used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with five treatments and four replications in each treatment. The five treatments are 100% commercial rations without moringa leaf meal as control and 100% commercial rations with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% moringa leaf meal. Parameters observed included, liver weight, gizzard weight, meat triglyceride levels, and HDL levels of meat. The data obtained were analyzed by completely randomized design. If among the treatments showed significant differences, then the study will be continued by Duncan's multiple-range test. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the addition of moringa leaf meal at level 10% in the ration is the optimal level to decrease the triglyceride of meat without disturbing the HDL content in the meat and the addition of moringa leaf meal up to 12% in the ration does not give a negative effect on the weight of internal organs. Keywords: Broiler Chickens, HDL, Internal Organ, Triglycerides

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

Enzyme supplementation of broiler chicken diets based on cereals with endosperm cell walls rich in arabinoxylans or mixed-linked β-glucans

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pettersson ◽  
H. Graham ◽  
P. Åman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Cumulative Food Intake

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of an enzyme preparation added to barley and rye-based diets given to broiler chickens and containing both β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase activities, was investigated and compared with a well characterized commercial enzyme preparation containing predominantly P-glucanase activity.Both enzyme preparations significantly improved body weight, cumulative food intake and food conversion efficiency for chickens given both barley- and rye-based diets. For the barley-fed chickens, on average a notable increase in body weight of 171 g at day 13 and 477 g at day 24 was noted, for both enzyme preparations. However, the preparation containing high amounts of both β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase activities was more effective in reducing the incidence of sticky droppings for rye-fed chickens, and, in comparison with previously published data, gave an optimal response at a lower supplementation rate. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce the protein content in enzyme-supplemented broiler chicken diets.

scholarly journals THE LIVER REQUIREMENT OF THE FASTING ORGANISM

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous ◽  
Philip D. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soft Body ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Hepatic Atrophy ◽  
Liver Changes

In rats fasted after the removal of about seven-tenths of the liver the remaining fragment undergoes ordinarily a marked simple hypertrophy and attains the weight reached through a process of simple atrophy by the entire liver of fasting controls. Under circumstances of exceptionally severe inanition, the hypertrophy may not occur, the fragment remaining unchanged or even undergoing a slight atrophy. But since in comparable controls the hepatic atrophy is extreme, the duplication in the liver weights still manifests itself. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the liver changes which take place in fasting animal are essentially conditioned on functional demands made upon the organ. Yet great as is the hepatic atrophy then occurring, this does not necessarily mean that these demands are much lessened during inanition. For a comparison of the liver weight with that of the soft body (net body weight less the weight of the ligamentous skeleton) brings out the fact that the organ is, relatively speaking, three-fourths as large at extreme inanition as in the well nourished individual. Of the missing fourth a part may be foodstuffs on temporary deposit. And the rest is perhaps to be accounted for by the existence of special conditions during inanition which favor the vicarious assumption of a part of the usual liver work by the other tissues. While the findings show that the liver size is essentially dependent on functional demands, they do not enable one to say whether the special demands in question come normally to the organ by way of the portal stream.

Wheat by-products in poultry nutrition. Part II. Nutritive value of wheat screenings, bakery by-products and wheat mill run and their improved utilization by enzyme supplementation

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boros ◽  
B. A. Slominski ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
L. D. Campbell ◽  
O. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
By Products

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the nutritive value of wheat screenings, bakery by-products and wheat mill run used by the feed industry in Canada and to investigate the effect of enzyme supplementation on available energy content, nutrient digestibility and broiler chicken growth performance. Broiler chicken performance (2-wk growth trial) was compared using a wheat/soybean meal-based control diet and diets substituted with wheat by-products (wheat screenings, 200 g kg-1; bakery by-products or mill run, 100 g kg-1). In addition, diets containing one sample of each of the by-products were fed to broiler chickens with enzyme supplementation (Superzyme W®). Chicken performance was not affected by dietary substitution of wheat by-products for wheat as values for control, wheat screenings (three samples), bakery by-products (two samples) and mill run (one sample) were similar for body weight gain (514, 520, 515, 500 g bird-1) and for feed to gain ratio (1.52, 1.52, 1.52, 1.50), respectively. Response to enzyme supplementation was highest for wheat screenings showing a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in body weight gain (523 vs. 548 g bird-1) and feed to gain ratio (1.54 vs. 1.47). To further substantiate the importance of enzyme supplementation, a long-term production trial with broiler chickens was conducted. Five replicate pens of 60 birds per treatment were used in the starter (21 d) and grower (16 d) phases of the experiment consisting of three treatments: positive control (PC) (wheat/soybean meal/fish meal), negative control (NC) (wheat/wheat screenings/barley/soybean/ canola meal) and NC + Enzyme (Superzyme W®). In comparison to PC, the NC diet contained 5% less metabolizable energy, 8–10% less crude protein, amino acids and calcium and 25% less available phosphorus. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio averaged 2.14, 2.10, 2.17 kg bird-1 and 1.68, 1.76, 1.66 for PC, NC and NC + Enzyme, respectively. A significant (P < 0.05) improvement in broiler chicken performance with enzyme supplementation was further substantiated by the same magnitude of difference in dry matter (71.2, 68.7, 75.1%), starch (92.5, 90.3, 95.6%), non-starch poly saccharides (NSP) (4.8, 15.0, 36.1%), energy (AME) (12.37, 11.83, 12.84 MJ kg-1) and phytate (44.3, 37.5, 69.5%) digestibilities. It is evident from this study that the use of wheat by-products in concert with an effective enzyme supplement in broiler chicken diets will allow for optimum growth performance. Key words: Broilers, by-products, feeding value, enzymes

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN BONGGOL PISANG (Musa paradisiaca L.) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM BROILER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Kidejus Kupai ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
Y H.S Kowel ◽  
M N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

UTILIZATION  OF BANANA CORM (Musa paradisiaca L.) IN DIET ON BROILER CHICKENS PERFORMANCE. The research on the utilization of banana (Musa paradisiacaL.) corm in broiler diet aimed to determine its effect on the performance of broilers, namely the feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. The birds used were 100 unsexed days old chicks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The composition of the treatment as follows: R0 = 55% corn + 0% banana corm meal (BCM), R1 = 50% corn + 5% BCM, R2 = 45% corn + 10% BCM, R3 = 40% corn + 15% BCM. The result showed that the treatment had a significantly different effect on feedintake, body weight, and feed conversion ratio. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that banana corm can be used up to 10% in broiler chicken diet.

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