Post-weaning gain of calves from first-cross and reciprocal back-cross cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Newman ◽  
A. K.W. Tong ◽  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
J. E. Lawson ◽  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Better Than

Data on post-weaning gains and final test weights are reported for 2010 Limousin-sired steer and heifer calves from cows of 15 different F1 cross and back-cross breed types incorporating Charolais, Simmental, Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn breeding. Calves representing all 15 dam breed types were born and weaned under semi-intensive management at Brandon, Manitoba, then finished there on a self-fed all-concentrate diet. A subset representing eight dam breed crosses was born and weaned under extensive range management at Manyberries, Alberta, then fed at Lacombe, Alberta, on a lower energy diet of silage and concentrate mixed and fed to appetite in bunks. A comparison of common breed types revealed that the Brandon calves were lighter at weaning but gained more rapidly in the post-weaning test than the Manyberries/Lacombe calves. Under the Lacombe feeding regime, there were no significant differences in rate of gain on the feedlot test, but progeny of breed types containing some Simmental breeding generally reached a higher final weight than progeny of Hereford × Angus cows because of differences in weight at the beginning of the test. Under the higher energy feeding regime at Brandon, progeny of breed types containing Charolais or Simmental generally gained faster and attained higher final weights than progeny of Hereford × Angus cows. Progeny of Charolais × British and Simmental × British F1 cross cows generally performed as well as, or better than, the progeny of either backcross. Key words: Beef cattle, post-weaning gain, crossbred dam, back-cross dam, European cross

PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS AND RECIPROCAL BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

Preweaning performance was evaluated for calves out of first-cross and reciprocal back-cross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All cows were bred to Limousin bulls and the calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). Dam cross comparisons revealed that calves out of Hereford × Angus dams were inferior to calves out of European continental × British dams for all preweaning traits at both locations. Comparisons between calves out of F1 dams and calves out of backcross (1/4 or 3/4 European continental) dams generally favored the calves out of F1 females. Specific and nonspecific comparisons between the reciprocal backcrosses demonstrated that calves out of dams with 3/4 European continental breeding were heavier and grew faster than calves out of dams with 1/4 European continental breeding. Male calves exceeded female calves for all preweaning traits and calves born at Manyberries were heavier and grew faster than calves born at Brandon. Key words: Beef cattle, preweaning growth, crossbreeding, backcrosses

LIVE BODY MEASUREMENTS FROM FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS FEMALES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Impact

Live body measurements were evaluated in F1 and backcross females ranging in age from 1 to 5 yr, inclusive, maintained at Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management) and Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management). The objectives of this study were to examine measures of size, weight, and subcutaneous fat cover to determine: (1) their relationship with age of cow; (2) the impact of varying proportions of Simmental and Charolais breeding; (3) the similarity between generalized and specific contrasts involving 1/4 and 3/4 European continental and British breeding; and (4) differences between four consecutive lactations and three out of four possible lactations. Body length, height at the hips and withers, and cow weight at weaning reached or approached their mature levels by 5 yr of age and subcutaneous fat cover was more dependent upon environmental factors than age. Incremental increases in Simmental and Charolais breeding in the cow crosses resulted in corresponding increases in body size and weight. The generalized comparisons between 1/4 and 3/4 Simmental, Charolais, Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn breeding provided useful information regarding generic comparisons but there was a need for evaluating specific backcross comparisons. Cows experiencing four consecutive lactations, compared to those that had three lactations out of a possible four, had decreased physical dimensions in addition to weight and subcutaneous fat cover. Key words: Beef cattle, body measurements, backcrosses, heifers, cows

CALVING EASE AND CALF MORTALITY IN FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Calving ease and calf mortality were evaluated for calves out of first-cross and backcross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All calves were sired by Limousin bulls. The dam crosses at Brandon were HA, SN, CN, ACA, CCA, ASA, SSA, HCH, CCH, HSH, SSH, NCN, CCN, SSN, and NSN with H = Hereford, A = Angus, N = Shorthorn, C = Charolais, S = Simmental and a SSA cross was 3/4 Simmental-1/4 Angus. At Manyberries the dam crosses were HA, SN, ASA, SSA, HSH, SSH, NSN, and SSN. The calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). At Brandon, when calf birth weight was not a covariate, the significant dam cross contrasts for calving ease included less difficulty for SN cows than either the SSN or NSN cows, and for 3/4 A-1/4 European continental (E) cows than 1/4A–3/4E cows. When adjusted to a common calf birth weight the significant contrasts were HA cows had more difficulty than SN cows and the combination of SN and CN cows, SN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows, and 3/4A–1/4E cows had less difficulty than 1/4A–3/4E cows. At Manyberries, regardless of whether calf birth weight was excluded or included as a covariate, the SN cows had less difficulty than the SSN and the SSN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows. No significant dam cross comparisons were observed for calf mortality scores. Adjusting the calving ease scores to a constant calf birth weight did not significantly alter the magnitude of the contrasts but it did shift their probability levels. Location and sex of calf effects were not significant except for calving ease at Brandon where more difficulty was associated with male calves than female calves. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, backcrosses, calving, mortality

GROWTH AND MATERNAL PERFORMANCE OF TWO-YEAR-OLD F1 AND RECIPROCAL BACKCROSS HEIFERS IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Maternal Performance ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

Growth patterns and calf performance of 2-yr-old F1 and reciprocal backcross females were compared in two contrasting environments, semi-intensive management (Brandon, Man.) and extensive range management (Manyberries, Alta.). At Brandon, 621 heifers of Hereford × Angus (HA), Simmental × Shorthorn (SN), Charolais × Shorthorn (CN) and reciprocal backcrosses from Charolais × Hereford (CH), Charolais × Angus (CA), Charolais × Shorthorn (CN), Simmental × Hereford (SH), Simmental × Angus (SA), and Simmental × Shorthorn (SN) were evaluated. At Manyberries, 271 heifers of HA, SN, CN and reciprocals of SH, SA and SN were evaluated. They were bred to Limousin bulls. The HA heifers were the lightest at 14, 18, 24, 26 and 30 mo of age at both locations. Location differences for dam crosses in common ranged from 5% at 14 mo to 19% for 30 mo weight (Brandon > Manyberries). At all ages, the 3/4 C 1/4 N and the 3/4 S 1/4 N dam crosses were the heaviest at Brandon and Manyberries, respectively. Differences in weights at all ages between the CN and their reciprocal backcrosses were not significant at Brandon. The SN dams exceeded their reciprocal backcrosses in weight at all ages at Brandon (P < 0.01) but none of the differences were significant at Manyberries. Very few of the differences recorded for gestation length and birth weight at either location were significant. Progeny from HA dams were the lightest at birth and when significant differences existed for gestation length the longest were associated with the 3/4 "exotics." At both locations, progeny from HA dams were lightest and the progeny from the 3/4 "exotics" the heaviest at weaning. Females at Manyberries produced calves that were 3.3% heavier at weaning than those at Brandon. The highest weaning weight ratios were recorded for the 3/4 S 1/4 A, 3/4 S 1/4 N and SN dam crosses at both locations and these dam crosses were intermediate in weight at 30 mo. Total overall conception for breed crosses common to both locations for breeding at 14 and 26 mo was 77.0% vs. 75.8% and 82.1% vs. 79.5% for Brandon and Manyberries, respectively. Few differences were observed between dam crosses for conception rate. At Brandon, CX females required significantly more services per conception at 14 mo of age than SX females which reflected itself in lower conception rates. Compared with the SX females, the CX females had 11.8% lower conception to 1st service and 4% lower total conception. Calves born at Manyberries experienced greater calving difficulty but this was not reflected in higher calf mortality rates. Key words: Beef cattle, growth, preweaning traits, crossbreeding

PERFORMANCE OF PROGENY OF FINNISH LANDRACE AND DORSET HORN RAMS MATED TO EWES OF VARIOUS BREEDS AND CROSSES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
J. A. VESELY
Keyword(s):  
Average Score ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Better Than

Over a 3-yr period, 1,556 lambs were produced from matings of Dorset Horn and Finnish Landrace rams to ewes of the Romnelet, Columbia, Suffolk, and North Country Cheviot breeds and their 2-, 3-, and 4-breed crosses. Also, 142 purebred lambs of the four dam breeds were produced as a basis for contemporary comparisons. The average weaning weight of the purebred lambs was 23.7 ± 0.4 kg; of the 2-breed cross lambs, ½-Dorset lambs averaged 25.1 ± 0.5 kg and ½-Finnish Landrace 25.6 ± 0.5 kg. The 3-breed cross ½-Dorset lambs averaged 27.1 ± 0.4 kg and ½-Finnish Landrace lambs 26.1 ± 0.4 kg; and 4-breed cross ½-Dorset lambs 27.1 ± 0.4 kg and ½-Finnish Landrace lambs 26.8 ± 0.4 kg. The 5-breed cross ½-Dorset and ½-Finnish Landrace lambs both averaged about 27.5 ± 0.5 kg. Weight-per-day-of-age to market weight showed the same trend as weaning weight among the purebred and crossbred lambs. Purebred lambs were exceeded by 2-breed cross lambs in weaning weight (7%) and weight-per-day-of-age to market weight (6%) and by 3-breed cross lambs (13% and 8%, respectively). No practical additional improvement for either trait was evident in 4-breed and 5-breed crosses. Two-breed cross ewes (Romnelet × Suffolk and Columbia × Suffolk) raised lambs of about the same weaning weight (27.7 and 27.3 kg) as the 3-breed and 4-breed cross ewes (24.9–27.4 kg). Dorset Horn and Finnish Landrace rams contributed about equally to weaning weights (26.6 and 26.5 kg) and weight-per-day-of-age to market weight (0.241 and 0.236 kg). The average score of the ½-Finnish Landrace carcasses was slightly, but significantly, better than that of the ½-Dorset Horn carcasses. Both Dorset Horn and Finnish Landrace rams produced crossbred lambs with satisfactory growth and carcass merit.

Growth in mice after selection on maize-milk diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYSix lines of mice were fed distinctive fixed or shifting diets while being selected for fast growth in the first two weeks after weaning. The intention was to provide alternative routes for the improvement of growth with respect to a maize diet (100% maize) where controls grew 6 g, an optimum diet (76% maize, 24% milk) where controls grew 17 g, and a ‘milk’ diet (16% maize, 84% milk) where controls grew 12 g. After 10 generations of selection the lines, hybrids and unselected controls were compared on these and intermediate diets. Realized genetic correlations between growth on optimal and suboptimal diets depended on the feeding regime in which selection was practised, and were significantly higher in lines that were selected on suboptimal diets. When the selected lines were tested on unfamiliar suboptimal diets they were hardly better than controls, but on their own diets and also on the optimum diet were about 6 g heavier. Peak growth was never much greater than on 76% maize and was made on diets containing between 58% and 82% maize. With one exception, the hybrids grew on each test diet about as well as did the best selected line.A genetic limitation was encountered on the optimum diet. The growth there of the mice selected on either milk or maize diets was not improved upon by the mice actually selected on the optimum diet.

scholarly journals Production potential of Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon by fertilization and reducing feed supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
SB Saha ◽  
A Ali
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Final Weight

Experiment was conducted to assess the potential of increasing production of shrimp, Penaeus monodon by enhancing primary production through fertilization and reduc feeding regime. Four treatments viz., T1, feeding @ 2% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 1%; T2, feeding @ 3% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 2%; T3, feeding @ 2% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 1% + fertilization; T4, feeding @ 3% of shrimp biomass from 31~80 days of culture and then 2% + fertilization each with three replications were tested. Urea @1.25 ppm and TSP @ 1.50 ppm were applied as fertilizer monthly. After 120 days of culture, mean final weight of shrimp was 11.86±0.35g, 12.08±0.51g, 13.30±0.99g and 14.50±1.14g with the production of 458.36±14.86 kg/ha, 484.93±7.26kg/ha, 536.75±4.81 kg/ha and 592.19±35.05 kg/ha in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Reduction of feed reduce both growth and production of shrimp. Increase in primary productivity due to fertilization increase production of shrimp to a significant level (F=32.94; p<0.001). But overall production of shrimp was lower in comparison to other similar studies when higher feeding applied.Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(1): 9-17, 2015

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTESKTUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DAN KEYAKINAN (BELIEF) MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 1 BAYANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Dina Amsari
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Final Test ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Better Than

This study was begun at finding description about the mathematics’ teacher did not make relationship between new information to real situation of students and the students’ ability in problem solving was still lower. This problem certainly impacts to mathematics’ belief of students. For making out this problem, a contextual approach in mathematics learning has been being applied. The goals of this research were to know students’ ability in problem solving between contextual and conventional approach and also mathematics’ belief of students after studied using contextual approach. The kind of this research was a quasi experiment. The population was the students of class IX Junior High School 1 Bayang. The research’s instruments are problem solving tests and questionnaire sheets. The result of this research showed the mean of final test in experiment class is higher than control class and also mathematics’ belief of student. Based on the result of the research could be conclude that students’ ability in problem solving and mathematics’ belief with using contextual approach better than conventional approach both high and low prior knowledge’s students.  

scholarly journals Using convolutional neural network to predict remission of diabetes after gastric bypass surgery: a machine learning study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Register (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Ingmar Näslund ◽  
Erik Näslund ◽  
Johan Ottosson ◽  
Scott Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Obesity Surgery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Better Than

BACKGROUND Prediction of diabetes remission is an important topic in the evaluation of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) before bariatric surgery. While several high-quality predictive indices are available, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms offer the potential for higher predictive capability. OBJECTIVE The objective was to construct and validate an AI prediction model for diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery from 2007 until 2017 were included in the study, with collection of individual data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), the Swedish National Patients Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register, and Statistics Sweden. A 7-layer convolution neural network (CNN) model was developed using 80% of patients randomly selected from SOReg and 20% of patients for external testing. The predictive capability of the CNN model and currently used scores (DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem, DiaBetter and IMS) were compared. RESULTS In total, 8057 patients with T2D were included in the study. At 2 years after surgery 77.1% achieved pharmacological remission, while 62.2% achieved complete remission. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for the CNN-model for pharmacological remission was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-0.86] during validation, and 0.83 for the final test, which was 9-12% better than the traditional predictive indices. AUC for complete remission was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81-0.85) during validation, and 0.82 for the final test, which was 9-11% better than the traditional predictive indices. CONCLUSIONS The CNN method had better predictive capability compared to traditional indices for diabetes remission. However, further validation is needed in other countries to evaluate its external generalizability.

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