Effect of different forms of polyunsaturated fatty acids on duodenal and serum fatty acid profiles in sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Enjalbert ◽  
M. C. Nicot ◽  
D. Griess ◽  
M. Vernay ◽  
R. Moncoulon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Four sheep cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 cross-over design to investigate the effects of ruminal fatty acid (FA) infusion on duodenal and serum FA profiles. The diets were composed of 85.7% natural grassland hay and 8.6% concentrate supplemented with 5.7% soy oil for diet SO, 5.7% emulsified soy oil for diet ESO, 6.7% calcium salts of soy or palm FA for diets CaSSO and CaSP, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic; total FA content in dry matter was 6.4–6.6%. Characteristics of ruminal fermentation were not affected by source or physical form of FA. The proportion of stearic acid in the duodenal flow (% of the total C18) was high compared with total diet, e.g., 49.8 vs. 3.5 and 54.3 vs. 9.4% for soy and palm diets, respectively. Ruminal biohydrogenation and unsaturated FA was lower for CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (48.7 and 60.9 vs. 81.2 and 94.7%, for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively). As a result, trans-vaccenic acid levels in duodenal flow and serum (% or total FA) were lower for the CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (8.3 vs. 36.0% and 0.9 vs. 7.8%, respectively). Unsaturated FA as CaS were partly protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, and can be effective in increasing intestinal absorption of unsaturated FA. Key words: Unsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, calcium salts, biohydrogenation, sheep

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

0253 The effect of frequency of supplementing rumen protected unsaturated fatty acids on blood serum fatty acid profiles in beef heifers and lactating cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
E. K. Cook ◽  
M. E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
R. E. Ricks ◽  
S. K. Duckett ◽  
N. DiLorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactating Cows

The effect of frequency of supplementing rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acids on blood serum fatty acid profiles in beef heifers and lactating cows1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2977-2985
Author(s):  
E. K. Cook ◽  
M. E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
R. E. Ricks ◽  
S. K. Duckett ◽  
G. C. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid

Effects of dietary calcium soaps of unsaturated fatty acids on digestion, milk composition and physical properties of butter

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS ENJALBERT ◽  
MARIE CLAUDE NICOT ◽  
CORINE BAYOURTHE ◽  
MICHELE VERNAY ◽  
RAYMOND MONCOULON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil FA or rapeseed oil FA/kg diet, replacing part of the concentrates of the control diet. Total digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and fat, and ruminal fermentation were not significantly altered by giving CaS; the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation of total unsaturated C18 FA was significantly reduced by both CaS diets. Apparent intestinal digestibility of FA was not different among diets, although the amount of FA absorbed with the CaS diets was twice that with the control diet. No difference among diets was observed for milk production, or fat and protein contents. Giving CaS diets decreased the proportions of 4[ratio ]0 to 14[ratio ]0 FA in milk fat, and increased cis-18[ratio ]1n−9, compared with control diet. The rapeseed diet lowered the content of 16[ratio ]0, and increased the contents of 18[ratio ]0 and trans-18[ratio ]1n−7. CaS diets did not result in a marked increase of polyunsaturated FA content in milk fat. Butter from cows fed on the CaS diets contained more liquid fat at 6 and 14°C than butter from the cows fed on the control diet. Incorporating CaS, particularly those from rapeseed, in dairy cows' diets increased C18 FA in milk and improved butter spreadability.

scholarly journals Meat lipid profile of steers finished in pearl millet pasture with different rates of concentrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Luciane Rumpel Segabinazzi ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Leandro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective of this work was to evaluate the meat lipid profile from Devon beef steers finished in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) pasture and fed at different rates of concentrate supplementary diet. Twelve steers weighing 270 kg, at 12‑month‑average initial age, were randomly distributed into three treatments: pearl millet pasture; and pearl millet pasture plus a concentrate equivalent at 0.5 or 1.0% of body weight, with two replicates. Total contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the polyunsaturated:saturated ratio and other relevant fatty acids as the vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega‑3, and omega‑6 were not affected by the consumption of a concentrate supplement at 0.5 or 1.0% live weight. However, the 0.5% supplementation level reduced the concentration of dihomo‑γ‑linolenic fatty acid (C20: 3 n‑6), while the 1.0% supplementation level elevated the content of docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22: 6 n‑3) fatty acid, and the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat. Consumption of up to 1.0% energy supplementation increases the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat from Devon steers grazing on pearl millet pasture.

Criteria for essential fatty acid deficiency in plasma as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Siguel ◽  
K M Chee ◽  
J X Gong ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract To develop criteria for deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), we used capillary-column gas-liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma obtained in the fasting state from 56 reference subjects and from 10 patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and suspected EFA deficiency. Fatty acid evaluations (percentage of total fatty acids) that allowed for a clear distinction (P less than 0.01) between reference subjects and patients, based on values two standard deviations below or above the reference mean, included values for linoleic acid (18:2w6) below 27%, and values for palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1w7), oleic acid (18:1w9), vaccenic acid (18:1w7), and Mead acid (20:3w9) exceeding 21%, 2.6%, 23.3%, 2.1%, and 0.21%, respectively. Ratios of total EFA to total non-EFA of less than 0.60 and of Mead acid to arachidonic acid of greater than 0.025 also served to identify patients, and were not found in reference subjects. Significant inverse correlations between percentages of plasma EFA and plasma mono-unsaturated fatty acids were noted. Our reference-interval data can be used to assess normality of plasma EFA status.

scholarly journals The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 521-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kalač ◽  
E. Samková
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bovine Milk

The nutritional image of bovine milk fat has suffered for years because of the association of saturated fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Thus the alteration of fatty acid composition has been a long-term strategy. Forages, even though containing a relatively low level of lipids, are the cheapest and often the major source of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant diets. Recent progress in the research of factors affecting fatty acid content and composition in fresh and preserved forages and the associations between feeding such forages and milk fat profile are reviewed. Milk from cows grazed or fed fresh forage, especially from species-rich grasslands or forage legumes, has a considerably higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and a higher content of nutritionally beneficial trans-fatty acids (e.g. CLA, vaccenic acid) than milk from cows fed silage or hay. Grass and legume silages seem to affect the fatty acid profile more propitiously than maize silage.

Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression, relative protein abundance, and its fatty acid products in bovine tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Rezamand ◽  
Jason S Watts ◽  
Katherine M Yavah ◽  
Erin E Mosley ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Relationship

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) greatly contributes to the unsaturated fatty acids present in milk and meat of cattle. The SCD1 enzyme introduces a double bond into certain saturated fatty acyl-CoAs producing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The SCD1 enzyme also has been shown to be active in the bovine mammary gland converting t11 18 : 1 (vaccenic acid) to c9 t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The objective of this study was to determine any association between the gene expression of SCD1 and occurrence of its products (c9 14 : 1, c9 16 : 1, c9 18 : 1, and c9 t11 18 : 2) in various bovine tissues. Tissue samples were obtained from lactating Holstein cows (n=28) at slaughter, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C. Total RNA was extracted and converted to complementary DNA for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the SCD1 gene. Extracted lipid was converted to fatty acid methyl esters and analysed by GC. Tissues varied in expression of SCD1 gene with mammary, cardiac, intestinal adipose, and skeletal muscle expressing greater copy number as compared with lung, large intestine, small intestine and liver (371, 369, 328, 286, 257, 145, 73, and 21 copies/ng RNA, respectively). Tissues with high mRNA expression of SCD1 contained greater SCD1 protein whereas detection of SCD1 protein in tissues with low SCD1 mRNA expression was very faint or absent. Across tissues, the desaturase indices for c9 18 : 1 (r=0·24) and sum of SCD products (r=0·20) were positively correlated with SCD1 gene expression (P<0·01 for both). Within each tissue, the relationship between SCD1 gene expression and the desaturase indices varied. No correlation was detected between SCD1 expression and desaturase indices in the liver, large and small intestines, lung, cardiac or skeletal muscles. Positive correlations, however, were detected between SCD1 expression and the desaturase indices in intestinal adipose tissue (P<0·02 for all) except 14 : 1, whereas only c9 18 : 1, c9 t11 18 : 2 and sum of all desaturase indices were positively correlated with SCD1 expression in mammary tissue (P⩽0·03). Overall, the relationship between SCD1 gene expression and occurrence of its products seems to be tissue specific.

The effect of frequency of supplementing rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acids on blood serum fatty acid profiles in beef heifers and lactating cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2977
Author(s):  
E. K. Cook ◽  
M. E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
R. E. Ricks ◽  
S. K. Duckett ◽  
G. C. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactating Cows

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

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