Effects of flavouring agents on intake of silage by feedlot steers

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Corkum ◽  
L. A. Bate ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
T. Tennessen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Daily Intakes

Thirty-five yearling Hereford steers with an average weight of 358 ± 32 kg were randomly assigned to one of five groups of seven animals to determine the effect of adding flavouring agents to grass-legume silage at feeding time. The trial was designed as a 5 × 5 Latin square with each group receiving each of the 5 treatments for a 12-d period. The flavouring agents chosen represented major taste groups: sweet (aspartame (Asp) at 0.025% as fed), acid (hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 0.625% as fed), salt (sodium chloride (NaCl) at 0.6% as fed), and monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 1% as fed. Daily intakes were measured. Monosodium glutamate increased silage intake (P < 0.05). The results suggest that addition of MSG may be of possible practical use as a silage additive to increase silage intake by yearling steers. Key words: Steer, aspartame, monosodium glutamate, intake, flavour, silage

scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum ◽  
H. W. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Acid Salt ◽  
Related Effect ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Sheep with oesophageal fistulas were sham-fed on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay to assess the palatability of added chemicals representing the tastes of sweet (sucrose), sour (hydrochloric acid), salt (sodium chloride), bitter (urea) and umami (monosodium glutamate; MSG).2. Plain pellets and four concentrations of each chemical were sham-fed for 30 min after 5·5 h deprivation in 5x5 Latin-square experiments following a period of adaptation feeding.3. Sucrose, at concentrations of 15–120 g/kg air-dried pellets, depressed intakes with a linear relation between intake (I; g) and concentration (C; g/kg): I = 1001-3·42C.4. HCl at 6·25–25·0 g/kg pellets had no effect on sham intakes but at 50 g/kg reduced them by 50% of control (P < 0·05).5. NaCl at 50–200 g/kg increased sham intakes by 26% (P < 0·01) with no evidence of a dose-related effect.6. Urea at 10–80 g/kg decreased sham intakes by 26·9% (P < 0·01) with no evidence of a dose-related effect.7. MSG at 5–40 g/kg in two experiments increased sham intakes by 16·1 and 40·8% (P < 0·05). In another experiment at 1-8 g/kg there wasno significant effect.8. When palatability and post-ingestive effects are separated by sham-feeding, the effect of added chemicals on intake may be completely different from when they are ingestednormally (e.g. NaCl and sucrose). This newly developed technique enables the palatabilityeffect of feed additives to be tested critically and economically.

EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, ACUTE COLD STRESS, AND DIET ON FORESTOMACH CONTRACTIONS IN CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. LIRETTE ◽  
J. M. KELLY ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Acute Psychological Stress ◽  
Key Words Cold

Studies were made on forestomach contraction frequencies as affected by diet (brome hay, alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage and barley concentrate diet), acute cold stress and acute psychological stress. Four 15-mo-old steers fitted with ruminal fistulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets did not influence contractile frequencies of the forestomachs, and did not interact with the effects of the stresses. Acute cold stress and psychological stress both produced significant increases of forestomach contraction frequencies and of heart rate. Key words: Cold stress, psychological stress, forestomach contractions, heart rate

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

Continuous dialysis of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride mixture

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 2611-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Palatý ◽  
Helena Bendová
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid

scholarly journals Levels of protected lysine and methionine in the diet of lambs: nutritional parameters and protein metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3709
Author(s):  
Carolina Moreira Araújo ◽  
Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior ◽  
Karla Alves Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Lima Silva ◽  
Marco Túlio Santos Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different levels of protected lysine and methionine on the nutritional parameters and protein metabolites of lambs. The experiment was carried out at the Capim Branco Experimental Farm, at Uberlândia Federal University, during the months of September and October 2016. Five blood lambs ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês, approximately eight months old and with an average weight of 50 kg, were distributed in a Latin square scheme 5 × 5 (five treatments and five replicates). The treatments consisted of the inclusion in the diet of different levels of lysine and methionine protected from ruminal degradation (MicroPEARLS LM®): 0 g, 8 g, 16 g, 24 g, and 32 g. The diet was composed of corn silage and concentrate in a ratio of 30V:70C. The experiment was divided into five phases. Each phase had a duration of fifteen days (ten days of adaptation of the animals to the experimental diets and five days of data collection). The animals were kept in individual metabolic cages. A digestibility assay was performed to determine the apparent dry matter intake and digestibility (DMI/DDMI), nitrogen balance, and protein metabolites. The DMI (kg day-1) and in relation to the metabolic weight presented a positive linear equation, and was highest for the treatment with 32 g of amino acids, as well as the ingested nitrogen and nitrogen balance, being positive in all treatments. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the DDMI. The crude protein and urea concentrations remained above the recommended levels and the concentration of creatinine remained below the recommended level. The inclusion of protected amino acids up to 32 g increases DMI and urinary nitrogen excretion without negatively affecting digestibility. The protein metabolism was altered, without causing damage to the performance of the animals.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 Adapts to the Presence of Sodium Chloride, Monosodium Glutamate, and Benzoic Acid after Extended Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin How Lee ◽  
Jack S. H. Oon ◽  
Kun Cheng Lee ◽  
Maurice H. T. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Relationship

Escherichia coli is commonly found in intestine of human, and any changes in their adaptation or evolution may affect the human body. The relationship between E. coli and food additives is less studied as compared to antibiotics. E. coli within our human gut are consistently interacting with the food additives; thus, it is important to investigate this relationship. In this paper, we observed the evolution of E. coli cultured in different concentration of food additives (sodium chloride, benzoic acid, and monosodium glutamate), singly or in combination, over 70 passages. Adaptability over time was estimated by generation time and cell density at stationary phase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) using 3 primers and restriction endonucleases, each was used to characterize adaptation/evolution at genomic level. The amplification and digestion profiles were tabulated and analyzed by Nei-Li dissimilarity index. Our results demonstrate that E. coli in every treatment had adapted over 465 generations. The types of stress were discovered to be different even though different concentrations of same additives were used. However, RFLP shows a convergence of genetic distances, suggesting the presence of global stress response. In addition, monosodium glutamate may be a nutrient source and support acid resistance in E. coli.

Influence of Time of Day On Live Weight Measurements for Feedlot Steers

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract Three trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of time of day on live weight (LW) measurements of feedlot steers. Trial 1 was initiated November 30, 1988 and involved 15 crossbred steers that were housed and fed individually. Trial 2 was initiated February 28, 1989 and involved 75 crossbred steers that were housed and fed in groups of 5. Trial 3 was initiated June 13, 1989 and was otherwise similar to Trial 2. Weighing times were 0400, 0800 and 1200 with periods between weighing of 7 d. Treatments were assigned to individual steers or pen groups in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square arrangement. In Trial 1, there was a linear decrease (P < .01) in LW averaging 1 kg/h for measurements taken between 0400 and 1200. In Trial 2, both linear (P < .01) and quadratic (P < .05) responses in LW to weighing time were detected. Live weight decreased .75 kg/h between 0400 and 0800, similar to what was observed in Trial 1, but between 0800 and 1200 LW remained unchanged. In Trial 3, only a linear (P < .01) response of LW to time was detected. However, as with Trial 2, the greater rate of decrease in LW appeared to occur between 0400 and 0800 (averaging 1 kg/h). Differences between trials in pattern of water consumption were related to differences in ambient temperature. Time of day had a dramatic effect on LW of feedlot steers. Measurements of LW taken within the later morning hours are more likely to be affected by water intake than measurements taken during the earlier morning time period (0400 to 0800).

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