scholarly journals History of grazing research in the Aspen Parkland

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Aspen Parkland of western Canada constitutes a major portion of the agricultural areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with 86% of the forage production and 66% of the beef cattle herd. Although some areas still exist in the natural state, most of the Parkland has been cleared of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for farming. Introduced pasture species have been seeded, and bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago spp.) have been found to be the most productive. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer has been shown to nearly triple forage production in the presence of adequate moisture and favorable temperatures. Straight nitrogen has resulted in a reduction of the proportion of alfalfa in a mixed sward. The severity and time of grazing have a marked effect on pasture productivity. Bush pastures can be renovated by using selective herbicides, fire and controlled grazing to manage woody brush regrowth or by sod seeding of alfalfa in the depleted stands. Spring-seeded winter cereals can be grazed throughout the growing season or as part of a grazing rotation with perennial forages by extending the grazing season in the fall. Key words: Aspen Parkland, pasture, forage, research, review

NOTES ON THE CANADIAN TUCKAHOE, ITS OCCURRENCE IN CANADA AND THE INTERFERTILITY OF ITS PERFECT STAGE, POLYPORUS TUBERASTER JACQ. EX FRIES

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vanterpool ◽  
Ruth Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Perfect Stage

The Canadian tuckahoe is the perennial sclerotium of Polyporus tuberaster jacq. ex Fries. It is commonly found in the parkland belt of the Canadian prairies where land supporting, virgin poplar groves, mainly Populus tremuloides Michx., is being brought under cultivation. Sporophore as many as three to a single sclerotium, appear in late June and July. Interfertility studies with single spore cultures isolated from sporophores derived from four sources in Western Canada and from one source in Italy have shown that both the Canadian fungus and the European P. tuberaster are heterothallic, have the tetrapolar type of interfertility, and are interfertile.

Forage and grain yield of grazed or defoliated spring and winter cereals in a winter-dominant, low-rainfall environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison. J. Frischke ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
Dannielle K. McMillan ◽  
Claire J. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

In the Mallee region of north-western Victoria, Australia, there is very little grazing of crops that are intended for grain production. The success of dual-purpose crops in other regions in south-eastern Australia with higher and more evenly distributed rainfall has driven interest in assessing the performance of dual-purpose cereals in the region. Five experiments were established in five consecutive years (2009–13) in the southern Mallee to measure the forage production and grain yield and quality response in wheat and barley to grazing by sheep or mechanical defoliation. The first three experiments focused on spring cultivars sown from late April to June, and the last two on winter cultivars planted from late February to early March. Cereal crops provided early and nutritious feed for livestock, with earlier sowing increasing the amount of dry matter available for winter grazing, and barley consistently produced more dry matter at the time of grazing or defoliation than wheat. However, the grain-production response of cereals to grazing or defoliation was variable and unpredictable. Effects on yield varied from –0.7 to +0.6 t/ha, with most site × year × cultivar combinations neutral (23) or negative (14), and few positive (2). Changes in grain protein were generally consistent with yield dilution effects. Defoliation increased the percentage of screenings (grains passing a 2-mm sieve) in three of five experiments. Given the risk of reduced grain yield and quality found in this study, and the importance of grain income in determining farm profitability in the region, it is unlikely that dual-purpose use of current cereal cultivars will become widespread under existing grazing management guidelines for dual-purpose crops (i.e. that cereal crops can be safely grazed once anchored, until Zadoks growth stage Z30, without grain yield penalty). It was demonstrated that early-sown winter wheat cultivars could produce more dry matter for grazing (0.4–0.5 t/ha) than later sown spring wheat and barley cultivars popular in the region (0.03–0.21 t/ha), and development of regionally adapted winter cultivars may facilitate adoption of dual-purpose cereals on mixed farms.

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

scholarly journals The history of national constructions of 1940 (by the example of the Ferghana Valley)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Kabulzhan Makhamadzhanovich Nasritdinov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Based on scientific, historical and archival sources the author of the paper analyzes the history of developing plans aimed at irrigation of virgin lands in the central part of the Ferghana Valley in the first half of the 20th century by large Russian scientists and specialists. The author also shows a historical picture of the construction of the irrigation facilities of the Ferghana Valley using the high-speed hashar folk method in 1940. With the construction of hydraulic structures such as the northern and southern Ferghana canals, a new stage began in the development of irrigated agriculture in the Ferghana Valley, since the water of these hydraulic structures made it possible to irrigate new virgin lands in the central part and foothill areas of the Ferghana Valley. But it should be noted that these large and complex irrigation canals were constructed by the peoples of Uzbekistan mainly with the use of primitive tools such as a hoe, a crow, a shovel, a stretcher and pickaxes. For nearly 80 years, these hydraulic structures have provided agricultural areas with life-giving water. The author of the paper also summarizes the essence of economic measures carried out by the Soviet government on the development of irrigated agriculture in the valley.

scholarly journals DeGreening: An Installation of Photographic Works

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Pourghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Selection Of

This thesis is a supporting paper for a photographic exhibition that explores contemporary social and political issues in the country of Iran, through the depiction of a changing landscape. The work consists of photographs of the northern province of Gilan, Iran. As a critical body of work, the installation engages audiences to experience the changing environment and asks viewers to question the causes of the environmental changes in agricultural areas. A brief history of land use change in Iran during the White revolution is presented followed by a description of the current situation of farmlands in contemporary Iran. Goals for the project, methodology and issues of subjectivity are discussed. The shooting strategies, selection of the images, and presentation of the project is outlined. Finally, the essay discusses the project’s documentary relevance.

scholarly journals Effect of vegetation suppression on the establishment of sod-seeded alfalfa in the Aspen Parkland

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
East Central ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Forage Yields

Four trials were conducted on a heavily grazed bluegrass-dominated pasture located in east-central Saskatchewan to compare the establishment of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. Drylander) and forage grasses with no suppression vs. suppression of the resident vegetation using either glyphosate or rotovation. Successful forage establishment was based on seedling count, herbage yield and an economic assessment using net present value. The test area had been cleared of mature aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) trees, treated with 2,4-D to control suckering and was subsequently invaded by native forbs and grasses, mainly bluegrasses. Alfalfa successfully established with or without suppression while smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss. ’Carlton’) established only when a suppression treatment was applied. Forage yields, averaged over 4 yr and four trials, following sod-seeding and glyphosate at 2.5 kg ha−1 were 1973 and 612 kg ha−1 for alfalfa and bluegrass plus smooth bromegrass, compared to 1287 and 748 kg ha−1 for alfalfa and bluegrass plus smooth bromegrass, respectively, when there was no suppression of the resident vegetation. The low-cost, no-suppression sod-seeding treatment was as profitable as the sod-seeding treatment using glyphosate.Key words: Sod-seed, zero till, alfalfa, smooth bromegrass, economics, glyphosate

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