Effect of supplemental vitamin E during prepubertal development and early gestation on reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in gilts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-603
Author(s):  
R. R. Grandhi ◽  
M. W. Smith ◽  
M. Frigg ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

The effect of feeding barley–canola-meal diets with supplemental vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) at 0, 50 or 100 mg kg−1 on selected reproductive functions and nutrient absorption and retention was determined using Landrace × Yorkshire gilts. In exp. 1 (n = 150), gilts were fed three gestation diets, containing by analysis 23.5, 55.7 and 113.5 mg kg−1 of vitamin E respectively in diets 1, 2 and 3, from first estrus until approximately 33 or 65 d of gestation. Gilts fed diet 2 had a higher (P = 0.02) number of corpora lutea (13.8 ± 0.5 vs. 12.0 ± 0.5) at 65 d of gestation than the gilts fed diet 1. In exp. 2, gilts (n = 159) were fed three finisher diets, containing by analysis 17.6, 87.8 and 126.5 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, during prepubertal development period (59.2 ± 0.4 to 86.7 ± 0.8 kg body weight) and then switched (n = 150) to three gestation diets, containing 16.4, 54.2 and 103 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, until 58.7 ± 0.7 d of the gestation period. Gilts fed diet 3 had 16% lower (P < 0.05) anestrus than the gilts fed diet 1. The ovulation rate, number of live embryos and fetal survival were not influenced (P > 0.05) by supplemental vitamin E. The serum level of α-tocopherol was linearly increased (P < 0.01) by feeding supplemental vitamin E in both experiments. Feeding supplemental vitamin E had no consistent beneficial effect on serum progesterone or on the apparent absorption and retention of selected nutrients during the prepubertal and gestation periods. The results indicated that feeding supplemental vitamin E at above 1988 NAS–NRC recommended levels during prepubertal development and early gestation only slightly improved certain reproductive traits in gilts. Key words: Gilts, vitamin E, ovulation rate, fetal survival, metabolism

PROGESTERONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF PREGNANT GILTS ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FEED CONSUMPTION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
S. SIMARAKS
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Concentration ◽  
Collection Period

Blood serum progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in 31 Lacombe gilts at a 3- to 4-day interval from 10 to 56 days of pregnancy. They were fed 1.50 (L), 2.25 (M) or 3.00 (H) kg of a 16% protein diet/day and had average daily gains of 0.16 ± 0.02 (SE), 0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.02 kg/day, respectively. All gilts were slaughtered between 59 and 61 days of pregnancy. The treatments had no effect on the number of corpora lutea (13.9 ± 0.4 CL), number of fetuses (10.8 ± 0.6), fetal survival (78.3 ± 3.7%) or mean fetal weight (122 ± 3 g). The gilts on the H level of feeding had heavier (P < 0.05) ovaries (18.4 ± 0.8 g) than those of the L (15.6 ± 0.7 g) or M (15.6 ± 0.8 g) treatment groups. Serum P concentration declined during the blood collection period (b = −0.12, −0.06 and −0.09 for the L, M and H groups, respectively). Serum P concentrations also were different (P < 0.01) for each treatment group (L, 16.7 ± 0.3; M, 13.8 ± 0.03; and H, 11.8 ± 0.3 ng/mL). The serum LH concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for the M gilts (0.63 ± 0.05 ng/mL) than for the L (0.37 ± 0.04 ng/mL) or H (0.47 ± 0.05 ng/mL) gilts. Significant correlations were observed among the number of fetuses, number of CL, ovarian weight and P for the L gilts, and the number of fetuses and CL for the M gilts. These results suggest that growth rate is a major contributor to differences in blood P and LH concentrations during pregnancy and that the animal adjusts its P and LH production to its specific requirements for the maintenance of pregnancy.

EFFECTS OF A COLD ENVIRONMENT AND GROWTH RATE ON REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN GILTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Moderate Growth

The effects of a cold environment and growth rate on reproductive efficiency at 60 days of pregnancy were studied in 96 Lacombe gilts. On each of two consecutive years, four Lacombe boars were assigned to 48 gilts for a 42-day breeding period commencing 6 December. The animals were individually housed in a heated piggery (10–15 C) and in outside lots with a wooden cabin for shelter (mean maximum −12 C, mean minimum −22 C). The gilts were fed at a level to provide for minimum growth (0.03 kg/day) and moderate growth (0.36 kg/day). Gilts housed in the piggery were fed 1.5 and 3.0 kg/day, whereas the gilts housed outside had their feed consumption increased by a maximum of 1 kg/day to maintain similar growth rates. The cold environment had no effect on ovulation rate (12.9), fetal survival (71%), fetal weight (106 g), uterine weight (1,486 g) and ovarian weight (14.4 g) as measured at 60 days of pregnancy. The mean weight of the corpora lutea was greater for gilts housed in the outside lots (498 vs. 459 g). Gilts with the moderate growth rate had a greater ovulation rate (13.4 vs. 12.3, P < 0.05), lower fetal survival (65.6 vs. 77.7%, P < 0.01), heavier fetuses (112.6 vs. 98.0 g, P < 0.01), heavier uteri (1,556 vs. 1,391 g, P < 0.05), heavier ovaries (15.4 vs. 13.1 g, P < 0.01), and heavier corpora lutea (500 vs. 448 mg, P < 0.01) than the gilts with minimum growth rate. Pregnancy rate, as a percentage of the gilts on the experiment that became pregnant, was similar for the two winter environments (piggery, 77.1%; outside lots, 72.9%). Pregnancy rate was greater for the gilts with the moderate growth rate (85.4 vs. 64.6%, P < 0.05).

A note on attainment of puberty of september-born early-maturing ewe lambs in relation to level of nutrition

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Forcada ◽  
J. A. Abecia ◽  
L. Zarazaga
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Age At Puberty

The attainment of puberty in September-born early-maturing ewe lambs was studied at Zaragoza (latitude 41° 40' N). Thirty twin Salz females were allocated to two groups receiving two nutrition levels after 3 months of age: high (500 g/day lucerne hay and 500 g/day concentrate) (H) and low (500 g/ day lucerne hay) (L). Oestrus was detected daily by aproned rams. Corpora lutea were counted after oestrus and plasma progesterone levels monitored each week.In the first breeding season (January to February) the percentage of females showing sexual activity (silent emulation or oestrus and ovulation) was higher in the H compared with the L group (67 and 20%; P < 0/05). Nonpubertal oestrus before the main breeding season was detected in 67% of animals. In the main breeding season and for H and L groups respectively, percentage of females showing silent ovulation before puberty was 67 and 33% and mean age at puberty extended to 319 (s.e. 4-8) and 314 (s.e. 3·7) days. Ovulation rate at puberty was 1·73 (s.e. 0·13) and 1·33 (s.e. 0·15) respectively (P < 0·05).

The effect of time of mating on ovulation rate and potential lambing rate of Greyface ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Differential Group ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Lambing Rate

ABSTRACTOver 2 years, 104 Greyface ewes were mated at a synchronized oestrus either in early October or early November. From late September until slaughter at return to service or between 4 and 7 weeks after mating, ewes were fed to maintain their body condition score as previously adjusted by differential group feeding on grass. Ovulation rate and potential lambing rate were derived from counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos at slaughter. Both rates were higher in the early-mated ewes in comparable body condition. Stress factors were implicated as contributing to the decline in ovulation rate with time, while ewes which failed to hold to first mating were largely responsible for the decline in potential lambing rate.

Fertility in Cheviot ewes. 2. The effect of level of pre-mating nutrition on ovulation rate and early embryo mortality in North and South Country Cheviot ewes in moderately-good condition at mating

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn two experiments over 2 years, 57 North Country Cheviot and 82 South Country Cheviot hill ewes were differentially group-fed indoors over a 2-month period to achieve either good or moderate body con- dition. Over 5 weeks prior to mating, ewes in good condition were brought down in condition by restricted feeding and ewes in mod- erate condition were raised in condition by a high level of feeding. The ewes were thus in moderately-good condition at mating. After mating, ewes were maintained in this condition until killed either on return to service or at 29 ± 8 days for counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos.Ovulation rate in each breed was positively related to the level of pre-mating food intake at the condition level studied. Embryo mortality, as ova loss, was not influenced overall by the level of pre-mating food intake but loss of multiple-shed ova was greater than that of single-shed ova in ewes which had been on restricted feeding before mating. Although a greater proportion of ewes in the North Country Cheviot breed were not pregnant at slaughter, this could not be identified as a breed difference since the breeds were studied in different years.

Vitamin E suppresses ex vivo osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1628-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Johnson ◽  
Rafaela G. Feresin ◽  
Do Y. Soung ◽  
Marcus L. Elam ◽  
Bahram H. Arjmandi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

This study presents the effects of various doses of supplemental vitamin E onex vivoosteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats.

Lessons From the E-Ferol Tragedy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
William F. Balistreri ◽  
Michael K. Farrell ◽  
Kevin E. Bove
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."—G. Sabtatana Several factors combined to suggest that supplemental vitamin E should be administered to low birth weight infants. The persistent concern and controversy, the latter confounded by a paucity of data, have been discussed in recent editorials.1,2 At birh, tissue stores of the naturally occurring lipidsoluble antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol) are low. The amount of total tocopherol in the tissue of premature infants is approximately one half that of full-term infants. 3 Maternal vitamin E supplementation seems to have minimal effect on serum vitamin E levels in the newborn because there is poor placental transfer; maternal blood levels are higher than cord levels.1-3

Bacterial Growth in Ground Beef Patties Made with Meat from Animals Fed Diets without or with Supplemental Vitamin E

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA CABEDO ◽  
JOHN N. SOFOS ◽  
GARY C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Vitamin ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

A study was designed to determine populations of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, sorbitol-negative bacteria, and Listeria monocytogenes during display at 4 and 12°C of ground beef patties made with meat from animals fed diets supplemented daily (for 100 days) with 0, 1,000, or 2,000 IU of vitamin E. The patties (113.5 g) were either left uninoculated or were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 or L. monocytogenes and were tray-overwrapped and stored (at 4 or 12°C for 8 to 10 or 4 to 6 days, respectively) while being continuously exposed to fluorescent light in a display setting. Patties were visually evaluated for overall appearance (based on color and/or discoloration) twice a day and analyzed for microbiological counts at 2-day intervals during display at 4°C and at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days during display at 12°C. Use of beef from animals fed supplemental vitamin E (“high-vitamin E beef”) resulted in ground beef patties which, when stored at 4°C, maintained visually acceptable color longer than did patties made from control beef (from animals not fed supplemental vitamin E), but effects on microbial growth were less pronounced. In general, use of high-vitamin E beef versus control beef in patty manufacture had no major effect on populations of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, sorbitol-negative bacteria, or L. monocytogenes in ground beef patties displayed at 4 or 12°C. Listeria monocytogenes multiplied at 12°C, but growth was similar among ground beef patties made from high-vitamin E beef versus control beef. Overall, changes in bacterial populations were similar in ground beef patties derived from meat from animals with or without added vitamin E in their diets, but control ground beef became visually unacceptable sooner.

scholarly journals Active immunization against the proregions of GDF9 or BMP15 alters ovulation rate and litter size in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Joy McIntosh ◽  
Steve Lawrence ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Jennifer L Juengel ◽  
Kenneth P McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immunization Group

The transforming growth factor β (TGFB) superfamily proteins bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), are essential for mammalian fertility. Recent in vitro evidence suggests that the proregions of mouse BMP15 and GDF9 interact with their mature proteins after secretion. In this study, we have actively immunized mice against these proregions to test the potential in vivo roles on fertility. Mice were immunized with either N- or C-terminus proregion peptides of BMP15 or GDF9, or a full-length GDF9 proregion protein, each conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). For each immunization group, ovaries were collected from ten mice for histology after immunization, while a further 20 mice were allowed to breed and litter sizes were counted. To link the ovulation and fertility data of these two experimental end points, mice were joined during the time period identified by histology as being the ovulatory period resulting in to the corpora lutea (CL) counted. Antibody titers in sera increased throughout the study period, with no cross-reactivity observed between BMP15 and GDF9 sera and antigens. Compared with KLH controls, mice immunized with the N-terminus BMP15 proregion peptide had ovaries with fewer CL (P<0.05) and produced smaller litters (P<0.05). In contrast, mice immunized with the full-length GDF9 proregion not only had more CL (P<0.01) but also had significantly smaller litter sizes (P<0.01). None of the treatments affected the number of antral follicles per ovary. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the proregions of BMP15 and GDF9, after secretion by the oocyte, have physiologically important roles in regulating ovulation rate and litter size in mice.

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