Growth and growth hormone kinetics in Holstein steer calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mears ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Plasma Gh

Average daily gain (ADG), basal plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration, and plasma GH kinetics following a bolus injection of GH were determined at birth and at 75, 150, 250, 350 and 450 kg body weight in 19 Holstein steer calves. From 100 kg body weight, calves were fed one of three diets: 85% grass hay and 15% concentrate; 85% grass hay and 15% concentrate with rumen undegradable protein (formaldehyde-treated canola meal); and, 85% concentrate and 15% grass hay. Addition of rumen undegradable protein to the hay-based diet did not (P > 0.05) increase ADG. However, ADG were higher (P < 0.001) for calves on the 85% concentrate diet. Calf basal plasma GH concentrations, plasma GH clearance rates, and GH secretion rates were not affected by either diet or ADG adjusted for the effect of diet. In contrast, body weight had a large effect on basal plasma GH concentration and plasma GH kinetics. As body weight increased, basal plasma GH concentration and GH half-life decreased. Growth hormone steady state volume of distribution, metabolic clearance rate and secretion rate per kg of body weight all decreased as calves became heavier. Key words: Steer growth, growth hormone, GH, basal GH, clearance, secretion

Growth hormone and somatostatin gene expression in pituitary adenomas with active acromegaly and minimal plasma growth hormone elevation

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Pagesy ◽  
Jacques Y. Li ◽  
Françoise Rentier-Delrue ◽  
Olivier Delalande ◽  
Yves Le Bouc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
Plasma Gh

Abstract. Some patients with active acromegaly have elevated plasma IGF-I concentrations with only minimal elevation of plasma GH. We compared adenomatous GH and SRIH expression in 3 such patients (patients No. 1, 2 and 3; basal plasma GH level < 4 μg/l) and in 3 acromegalic patients with high basal plasma GH level (patients No. 4, 5 and 6; 51.7 ± 16.1 μg/l, mean ± sem). By immunocytochemistry, all the tumours proved to be somatotropic adenomas. At the ultrastructural level, signs of low secretory activity were observed in adenomas from patients No. 2 and 3. Perifused adenoma cells of patients No. 1, 2 and 3 released very little GH compared with those of patients No. 4, 5 and 6 (1± 0.37 vs 51.5± 34.1 μg · (10−6 cells) · min−1, p< 0.001). Adenoma SRIH content was 65.7 and 30.6 pg/mg proteins in patients No. 1 and 2, whereas it was undetectable in the others (patients No. 4, 5 and 6). Northern blot analysis showed that the GH gene was poorly expressed in the adenomas from patients No. 1, 2 and 3 compared with the adenomas from patients No. 4, 5 and 6. SRIH mRNA was detected in all 6 adenomas. However, the signal was more intense in the adenomas from patients No. 1, 2 and 3 than in those from patients No. 4, 5 and 6. In conclusion, because of the variability of the biosynthetic and secretory potential of the somatotropic adenomas, patients harbouring this type of pituitary tumours can exhibit a wide range of plasma GH levels. In acromegaly with minimal elevation of plasma GH, the synthesis of SRIH by the adenoma cells themselves could play a role in the inhibition of GH expression.

Disappearance of growth hormone from plasma of fetal and newborn sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. E318-E322 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Power ◽  
K. T. Ball ◽  
P. D. Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
Plasma Gh

The disappearance of growth hormone (GH) from plasma was measured after a single intravenous injection in fetal and newborn sheep and fetal sheep after simulated birth in utero. The process was adequately described when separated into two exponential components, consistent with an inner (plasma) and outer (composite tissue) pool. Plasma clearance rate increased from 3.4 +/- 0.2 (SE, n = 6) in fetuses to 3.9 +/- 0.1 (n = 5) ml.min-1.kg-1 in newborns (P less than 0.05), but was not altered significantly after simulated delivery in utero. The volume of distribution decreased from 74 +/- 4 ml/kg before birth to 47 +/- 2 ml after natural birth (P less than 0.001). The basal secretory rate decreased from 2.4 +/- 0.2 before birth to 0.27 +/- 0.02 microgram/min after birth (P less than 0.001) and to a lesser extent after simulated delivery. The rate constant for irreversible loss, Kd, increased from 0.052 +/- 0.004 min-1 before birth to 0.093 +/- 0.002 min-1 after birth (P less than 0.001). Because plasma GH concentration in steady state equals secretory rate/(volume of distribution X Kd), one may calculate that 83% of the total decrease in GH, which occurs after birth, can be explained by diminished secretory rate, whereas 17% can be explained by more rapid loss from the plasma.

Impaired secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone, growth hormone and IGF-I in elderly men

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Chenyu Zhang ◽  
Yukinobu Takada ◽  
Ryuichi Yamasaki ◽  
Shiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ghrh Test

Abstract. The GHRH test and L-dopa test were performed in 12 normal young men (24.1 ± 1.1 years) and 12 normal elderly men (77.8±1.4 years) to investigate age-related changes in secretion of GHRH, GH and IGF-I. The basal plasma levels of GHRH and GH were not significantly different in young and elderly men, but the basal plasma level of IGF-I was higher in the young men (159.0± 11.7 vs 86.7± 11.6 μg/1). The area under the curve for plasma GH in the GHRH test was less in the elderly group (35.1 ±5.9 vs 11.2 ± 2.1 μg · h−1 · 1−1, p<0.001). The AUCs for the plasma GHRH and GH responses in the L-dopa test in young and elderly men were 32.0±2.7 vs 20.3±1.8 ng · h−1 · 1−1 (p<0.001), and 21.8±4.6 vs 5.4±1.1 μg · h−1 · 1 (p<0.01), respectively, indicating decreased releases of GHRH and GH in the elderly. Correlations between the AUCs for plasma GHRH and GH responses in L-dopa were found in both groups, but the ratio of the AUCs for GH/GHRH was lower in the elderly group. The elderly group showed a significant correlation between the basal plasma IGF-I level and the AUCs for plasma GH in the GHRH and L-dopa tests. These results suggest that elderly men have a decreased reserve of hypothalamic GHRH, resulting in secondarily impaired GH release, which may lead to a lower level of IGF-I than in young men.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAMB BIRTH WEIGHTS AND FETAL PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN CONCENTRATIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin were monitored in 11 chronically cannulated ovine fetuses and their mothers during the last month of gestation to obtain information on the role that these hormones have in determining fetal growth rate. Maternal plasma GH and insulin concentrations were independent of stage of gestation and lamb birth weights. Fetal plasma insulin concentrations were episodic in nature, independent of stage of gestation, and tended to be higher in fetuses that were heavier at birth. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were only slightly episodic in nature, were tenfold higher than maternal levels at 116–124 d gestation and increased by approximately another 25% prior to parturition. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were negtively correlated with lamb birth weights. In twin preparations, fetal plasma GH concentrations were significantly lower in the twin that was heaviest at birth. The lower GH concentrations found in faster growing fetuses are suggestive of a more rapid metabolic clearance of GH by the tissues of these animals. The results indicate that circulating fetal GH and, possibly, insulin are involved in determining the rate of ovine-fetal growth. Key words: Ovine birth weights, fetal GH, fetal insulin, fetal growth

Estimation of growth hormone secretion rate: impact of kinetic assumptions intrinsic to the analytical approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. R225-R232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Johannes D. Veldhuis ◽  
Jacobus Burggraaf ◽  
Rik C. Schoemaker ◽  
Adam F. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Plasma Gh

We compared four common mathematical techniques to determine daily endogenous growth hormone (GH) secretion rates from diurnal plasma GH concentration profiles in 24 women (16 upper- or lower-body obese and 8 normal-weight individuals). Two forms of deconvolution analysis and two techniques based on a priori determined GH clearance estimates were employed. Deconvolution analyses revealed significant differences in the 24-h GH secretion rate between normal-weight and upper-body obese women, whereas the other two techniques did not. Moreover, deconvolution analyses predicted that the reduction in mean plasma GH concentrations in upper-body obese women was accounted for by impaired GH secretion, whereas the other methods suggested that obesity increases GH metabolic clearance. Thus we infer that disparate conclusions concerning GH secretion can be drawn from the same primary data set. The different inferences likely reflect dissimilar kinetic assumptions and the particular limitations intrinsic to each analytical approach. Accordingly, we urge caution in the facile comparison of calculated GH secretion data in humans, especially when kinetic and secretion measurements are performed under different conditions. The most appropriate way to determine the GH secretion rate in humans must be balanced by the exact intent of the experiment and the acceptability of different assumptions in that context.

Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone-releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Magnan ◽  
L Mazzocchi ◽  
M Cataldi ◽  
V Guillaume ◽  
A Dutour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

Abstract The physiological role of endogenous circulating GHreleasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH was investigated in adult rams actively immunized against each neuropeptide. All animals developed antibodies at concentrations sufficient for immunoneutralization of GHRH and SRIH levels in hypophysial portal blood. In the anti GHRH group, plasma GH levels were very low; the amplitude of GH pulses was strikingly reduced, although their number was unchanged. No stimulation of GH release was observed after neostigmine administration. The reduction of GH secretion was associated with a decreased body weight and a significant reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration. In the antiSRIH group, no changes in basal and pulsatile GH secretion or the GH response to neostigmine were observed as compared to controls. Body weight was not significantly altered and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced in these animals. These results suggest that in sheep, circulating SRIH (in the systemic and hypophysial portal vasculature) does not play a significant role in pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH. The mechanisms of its influence on body weight and production of IGF-I remain to be determined. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 83–90

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN GROWING LAMBS FED MONENSIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS ◽  
J. A. VESELY ◽  
K.-J. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Daily Gain

Plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 62 monensin-treated lambs and 59 control lambs from four experiments that were conducted to determine the effect of monensin treatment on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Plasma GH concentrations were lower in lambs that received monensin (P < 0.05–0.01). The effect was greater in ram than in ewe lambs (P < 0.03). Monensin treatment started when lambs were only a few weeks old and resulted in a more rapid GH response than when older lambs were treated. In some, but not all, of the experiments the lower plasma GH concentrations occurred in conjunction with an increase in ADG and an apparent increase in G:F. Monensin had little effect on plasma insulin concentrations. Key words: Lambs, monensin, growth hormone, insulin

scholarly journals Penampilan Produksi Sapi PO dan PFH Jantan yang Mendapat Pakan Konsentrat dan ”Hay” Rumput Gajah

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R Adiwinarti ◽  
I P Kusuma ◽  
C M Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Hay

This research has been done during August 2004 - January 2005 at Laboratorium Ilmu Ternak Potong dan Kerja, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. The study was set up to investigate the performance of ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay. This research used 4 yearling ongole crossbred (PO) bulls with the initial body weight: 228,17 + 14,77 kg (CV = 6,47%) and 4 yearling friesian holstein crossbred (PFH) bulls with the body weight: 196,34 + 7,64 kg (CV = 3,89%). The Independent Sample Comparisons was used in this study. Those bulls were fed 30% hay of Napier grass and 70% concentrate made of “bungkil kelapa sawit” (80%) and rice bran (20%). The ration was given based on dry matter need, 2.5% of the body weight. Parameters observed were the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (dry matter intake, crude protein intake, Total Digestible Nutrients’ 2 Sains Peternakan Vol.8 (1), Maret 2010 intake) and feed conversion. Data were analyzed using t-test; except for feed conversion was analyzed deskriptifely.The result indicated that those cattle fed concentrate and Napier grass had ADG and feed intake relatively similar. The average of ADG PO bulls were 0.21 kg and PFH bulls were 0.22 kg. Dry matter intakes of PO and PFH bulls were 3.33 kg/day and 2.83 kg/day. Crude protein intake of PO bulls were 0,45 kg/day and that of PFH bulls were 0,38 kg/day, whereas TDN intake of PO bulls were 1,93 kg/day and PFH bulls were 1,20 kg/day. Feed conversion of PO bulls was 15.86 and that of PFH bulls was 12.86. It can be concluded that the performance of Ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay was similar. Those indicated that PFH bulls had productivity that was the same as PO bulls. Key words : Bulls, performance, feed intake, feed conversion

scholarly journals The Role of Bole (Lake Soil) as a Mineral Supplement to Arsi-Bale Sheep Fed Natural Grass Hay and Concentrate Supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belete Kuraz ◽  
Adugna Tolera ◽  
Aster Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Grass Hay

Background: Mineral deficiencies are considered to be one of the nutritional constraints to sheep performance. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of bole soil on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep fed natural grass hay and concentrate supplement and its cost-benefit analysis of bole soil supplementation. Result: Total DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF intake and ADL were higher (p less than 0.0001) for T3 than for T1, T2 and T4. Final weight, body weight change, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1 and T4. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) between T3 and T2 whereas T4 was greater than T1 in these variables. Slaughter weight (SW) was heavier (p less than 0.0001) for treatment two and treatment three than for treatment four and treatment one, hot carcass weight, foreleg weight and dressing percentage on empty body weight basis were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1and T4. Conclusion: Bole soil supplementation had potentially highest effect on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep than non-supplemented groups. The present study also revealed that supplementation of minerals improved the total weight gain of sheep over the control treatment.

Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
M. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. No differences in feed conversion or average daily gain (P > 0.05) were found among the treatments. Although LSO3 treatment did not improve the ADG of lambs fed barley-based diets, it increased the RUDP value of SM and CM without adverse effects on digestibility. Key words: Lignosulfonate, canola meal, soybean meal, lamb

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