The influence of growth hormone injections either pre- or post-breeding on the reproductive performance of sows and gilts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
A. J. Peacock ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Key Words Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Blood Sample

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of porcine growth hormone (pGH) injections on reproductive performance of swine. In exp. 1, 62 mixed-parity Yorkshire × Land-race sows received 6 mg of pGH either daily (n = 20) or on alternate days (n = 20) from 2 d preweaning until 4 d postweaning, with remaining sows (n = 22) serving as controls. A single blood sample was obtained from each sow prior to the first injection, at weaning and at 4 d postweaning and samples were assayed for insulin, IGF-I and triiodothyronine (T3). Serum insulin tended (P = 0.1) to be higher at 4 d postweaning in sows injected daily but was unaffected by injections on alternate days. However, T3 and IGF-I were higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in both pGH groups compared with controls. No significant effects of either pGH treatment were apparent for the mean remating interval or subsequent litter size but the rebreeding interval was less variable (P < 0.01) for sows injected on alternate days. In experiment two, 40 Yorkshire × Landrace gilts received either 6 mg of pGH or vehicle on alternate days from days 5 to 21 of pregnancy. Single blood samples were obtained on days 5, 10, 15 and 20 of pregnancy and were assayed for insulin, IGF-I, T3 and progesterone. The injection of pGH had no effect on serum insulin or progesterone, caused a mild increase (P = 0.15) in serum T3 and increased (P < 0.01) serum IGF-I. There was no effect of treatment on pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, number of embryos or on embryo weight or crown-rump length. From the data of both experiments, we conclude that the injection of pGH either pre- or post-breeding will not improve the reproductive performance of swine. Key words: Growth hormone, IGF-I, reproduction, swine

Erythrocytes from patients with low serum concentrations of IGF-I have an increase in receptor sites for IGF-I

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eshet ◽  
Z. Dux ◽  
A. Silbergeld ◽  
R. Koren ◽  
B. Klinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract. The binding characteristics of insulin-like growth factor I on erythrocytes were studied in 11 patients with long-term IGF-I deprivation and low serum IGF-I levels. Six patients had Laron type dwarfism and 5 idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency, with a mean (± sem) serum IGF-I level of 6.01±1.01 nmol/l as compared with that in 25 normal controls of 26.35±2.73 nmol/l (p=0.00001). The mean (± sem) [125I]IGF-I specific binding at a concentration of 4×1012 cell/l was 12.11±1.29% for the patient group compared with 8.75±0.62% for the controls (p=0.005). Scatchard analysis showed a curvilinear plot. Using a non-linear curve fit, the mean (± sem) number of high-affinity receptor sites per cell was found to be 7.34±1.80 in the IGF-I-deprived patients and 2.84±0.29 in the controls (p=0.0005). The mean ± sem dissociation constant was found to be 0.33±0.10 nmol/l for the patients and 0.26±0.08 nmol/l for the controls (NS). This study has demonstrated that the low serum concentration of IGF-I in Laron type dwarfism and isolated growth hormone deficiency is associated with an increase in receptor sites for IGF-I on the erythrocytes. The application of this property as a diagnostic aid remains to be established.

The effects of bovine somatotropin on hair follicle activity and cashmere fibre growth in goats

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villar ◽  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
S. R. McMillen ◽  
P. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Fibre

The aim of this study was to determine the role of circulating growth hormone (GH) profiles in the cessation of secondary hair follicle activity and secondary fibre growth in goats during autumn/winter and to determine whether it is possible to extend the period of growth of this fibre by artificially increasing circulating concentrations of this hormone. Nine cashmere goats were each injected, weekly, with 50 mg of bovine somatotropin (bST; treated) in carrier oil, for a period of 5 months between late August and late January. Goats of a second group of 9 animals were injected with sesame oil and served as controls. Treated goats had significantly higher circulating concentrations of growth hormone (P< 0.001), insulin (P< 0.01), thyroxine (P< 0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; P< 0.001). Secondary fibre growth rate and liveweight gains were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in treated than control goats. The proportion of active secondary follicles was positively associated with circulating IGF- I concentrations in treated but not control goats. Follicle activity was not related to the profiles of any of the other hormones measured. The mean date of cessation of secondary fibre growth was not affected by treatment. It is concluded that treatment with bST stimulated the rate of secondary fibre growth but did not delay the time of cessation of this growth or the decline in follicle activity. It is further concluded that circulating hormone profiles do not directly control follicle activity and secondary fibre growth and moult and that their effects probably involve changes within the skin and/or hair follicle, possibly in hormone receptor populations, deiodinase enzyme activity, or growth factor synthesis.

Urinary growth hormone excretion in acromegaly: diagnostic value in mild disease activity

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina M Main ◽  
Jörgen Lindholm ◽  
Mark Vandeweghe ◽  
Niels E Skakkebaek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Serum Gh

The biochemical assessment of disease activity in acromegaly still presents a problem, especially in treated patients with mild clinical symptoms. We therefore examined the diagnostic value of the measurement of urinary growth hormone (GH) excretion in seventy unselected patients with acromegaly of different activity by comparing it to serum GH, serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and clinical activity. There were highly significant, positive correlations between urinary GH and serum GH, serum IGF-I as well as clinical activity score (p<0.00005), although some overlap between the groups was observed. In seven patients with low serum GH values (<2.0 μg/l) discordant results were found. Two of the seven patients were clinically mildly active, but only IGF-I was either elevated or within the upper normal range; in three other patients who appeared clinically cured either IGF-I (N = 1) or urinary GH (n = 2) alone were increased. In the remaining two patients elevated serum IGF-I and urinary GH as well as activity score suggested disease activity. Thus, in the majority of cases, urinary GH was significantly correlated to the other three parameters, but added little information to that obtained by serum IGF-I. In conclusion, urinary GH measurements in difficult cases may provide a more direct information on the GH status than IGF-I.

Long-term treatment of Laron type dwarfs with insulin-like growth factor-1 increases serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in the absence of growth hormone activity

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kanety ◽  
Avraham Karasik ◽  
Beatrice Klinger ◽  
Aviva Silbergeld ◽  
Zvi Laron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igfbp 3

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is the major carrier of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) in serum, and its production is growth hormone (GH) dependent. It is unclear whether in humans IGFBP-3 production is directly regulated by GH or mediated via IGF-I. We addressed this question in six patients with Laron-type dwarfism, a syndrome characterized by the absence of GH receptor activity (LTD), who were chronically treated with recombinant IGF-I. Analysis of the electrophoretic profiles of serum IGFBPs in these patients by Western ligand blotting revealed an extremely low IGFBP-3 level. A striking progressive increase in serum IGFBP-3 was observed with continuous treatment, despite the absence of GH action. In LTD children, serum IGFBP-3 increased up to 19-fold after six months of therapy and equalled levels observed in controls, whereas in adult LTD patients the increase was smaller. A rise in serum levels of 34, 30 and 24 kDa BPs (presumably IGFBP-2, -1 and -4, respectively was also noted with chronic IGF-I therapy. This proof of GH-independent induction of IGFBP-3 by IGF-1 may be a major advantage in the therapeutic use of biosynthetic IGF-I in several types of short stature children.

Systemic metabolic effects of combined insulin-like growth factor–I and growth hormone therapy in patients who have sustained acute traumatic brain injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmi Hatton ◽  
Richard Kryscio ◽  
Melody Ryan ◽  
Linda Ott ◽  
Byron Young
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Gh Therapy ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Factor I

Object Hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, refractory nitrogen wasting, hyperglycemia, and immunosuppression accompany traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pituitary dysfunction occurs, affecting growth hormone (GH) and plasma insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) concentrations. The authors evaluated whether combination IGF-I/GH therapy improved metabolic and nutritional parameters after moderate to severe TBI. Methods The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing combination IGF-I/GH therapy and a placebo treatment. Ninety-seven patients with TBI were enrolled in the study within 72 hours of injury and were assigned to receive either combination IGF-I/GH therapy or placebo. All patients received concomitant nutritional support. Insulin-like growth factor–I was administered by continuous intravenous infusion (0.01 mg/kg/hr), and GH (0.05 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously. Placebo control group patients received normal saline solution in place of both agents. Nutritional and metabolic monitoring continued throughout the 14-day treatment period. The two groups did not differ in energy expenditure, nutrient intake, or use of insulin treatment. The mean daily serum glucose concentration was higher in the treatment group (123 ± 24 mg/dl) than in the control group (104 ± 11 mg/dl) (p < 0.03). A positive nitrogen balance was achieved within the first 24 hours in the treatment group and remained positive in that group throughout the treatment period (p < 0.05). This pattern was not observed in the control group. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were above 350 ng/ml in the treatment group throughout the study period. Overall, the mean plasma IGF-I concentrations were 1003 ± 480.6 ng/ml in the treatment group and 192 ± 46.2 ng/ml in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions The combination of IGF-I and GH produced sustained improvement in metabolic and nutritional endpoints after moderate to severe acute TBI.

New approach to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Ghigo ◽  
Gianluca Aimaretti ◽  
Laura Gianotti ◽  
Jaele Bellone ◽  
Emanuela Arvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Ghrh Test ◽  
Gh Deficiency In Adults

Ghigo E, Aimaretti G, Gianotti L, Bellone J, Arvat E, Camanni F. New approach to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:352–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Pyridostigmine (PD), a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, and arginine (ARG) clearly increase the growth hormone (GH) response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in man. The current study was undertaken to investigate the value and safety of PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH tests as well as the measurement of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in diagnosing GH deficiency in adults. Fifty-four patients considered GH deficient from extensive organic or idiopathic pituitary disease and 326 healthy adults were studied. The IGF-I concentrations were lower than the 3rd percentile of normal values in only 31 of the 54 (57.4%) patients with hypopituitarism. However, the IGF-I levels in hypopituitary patients and in normal subjects overlapped more frequently between 41 and 60 years (50%) and between 61 and 80 years (92.3%) as opposed to between 20 and 40 years (8.6%). In contrast to the IGF-I measurement, the ranges of peak GH responses to PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH tests were clearly differentiated between the hypopituitary (0.2–6.8 and 0.1–9.5 μg/l, respectively) and normal subjects 17.7–114 and 16.1–119 μg/l, respectively). However, the PD + GHRH test was reliable only in subjects of 20–40 years of age. In conclusion, IGF-I measurement had no value in the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults aged over 40 years, but is reliable enough when young adults of 20–40 years of age are considered. Both PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH testing should be considered more reliable biochemical measurements of GH deficiency. In contrast to the PD + GHRH test, the ARG + GHRH test is reliable throughout the adult lifespan and appears to be the most appropriate for patient compliance and safety. F Camanni, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Molinette, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy

Bioavailability and bioactivity of three different doses of nasal growth hormone (GH) administered to GH-deficient patients: comparison with intravenous and subcutaneous administration

1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Laursen ◽  
Birgitte Grandjean ◽  
Jens OL Jørgensen ◽  
Jens S Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Different Doses

Laursen T, Grandjean B, Jørgensen JOL, Christiansen JS. Bioavailability and bioactivity of three different doses of nasal growth hormone (GH) administered to GH-deflcient patients: comparison with intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:309–15. ISSN 0804–4643 The current mode of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy is daily subcutaneous (sc) injections given in the evening. This schedule is unable to mimic the endogenous pulsatile pattern of GH secretion, which might be of importance for the induction of growth and other GH actions. The present study was conducted in order to study the pharmacokinetics of different doses of GH following intranasal (IN) administration and the biological activity of GH after IN administration as compared with sc and intravenous (iv) delivery. Sixteen GH-deficient patients were studied on five different occasions. On three occasions GH was administered intranasally in doses of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20IU/kg, using didecanoyl-l-α-phosphatidylcholine as an enhancer. On the other two occasions the patients received an sc injection (0.10IU/kg) and an iv injection (0.015IU/kg) of GH, respectively. The nasal doses and the sc injection were given in random order in a crossover design. In a double-blinded manner the subjects received the three nasal doses as one puff in each nostril. The patients received no GH treatment between the five studies or during the last week before the start of each study. Intravenous administration produced a short-lived serum GH peak value of 128.12 ± 6.71 μg/l. Peak levels were 13.98±1.63 μg/l after sc injection and 3.26±0.38. 7.07±0.80 and 8.37± 1.31 μg/l, respectively, after the three nasal doses. The peak values of the 0.05 and the 0.20IU/kg nasal doses were significantly different (p = 0.007). The mean levels obtained by the low nasal dose were significantly lower than those obtained with the medium (p < 0.001) and the high dose (p < 0.001). while there was no significant difference between the medium and the high doses. The absolute bioavailability of GH following sc relative to iv administration was 49.5%. The bioavailabilities of the nasal doses were: 7.8% (0.05 IU), 8.9% (0.10 IU) and 3.8% (0.20 IU). Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels increased significantly after sc administration only. Mean levels were significantly higher after sc administration as compared with the iv and all three nasal does (p < 0.001). Serum IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels remained unchanged on all five occasions. Mean serum IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower after sc GH injection than after administration of the iv (p < 0.001) and the three nasal doses (p < 0.005). Subcutaneous GH administration resulted in significantly higher levels of serum insulin and blood glucose (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the bioavailability of nasal GH was low (3.8–8.9%). An iv bolus injection of, on average, 1 IU of GH induced no metabolic response. Only sc GH administration induced increased levels of IGF-I, insulin and glucose. These data reveal that a closer imitation of the physiological GH pulses than achieved by sc GH administration is of limited importance for the induction of a metabolic response to GH. Torben Laursen, Medical Department M (Diabetes & Endocrinology), Aarhus Kommunehospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C. Denmark

Body size parallels insulin-like growth factor I levels but not growth hormone secretory capacity

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Eigenmann ◽  
D. F. Patterson ◽  
E. R. Froesch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Abstract. The relationships between body size, growth hormone (GH) secretory capacity and circulating insulinlike growth factor I (IGF I) levels were studied in genetically-determined subgroups of disparate size within one breed of dogs, the Poodle. Standard (large) Poodles exhibited six times the mean plasma IGF I concentration found in Toy Poodles. The mean IGF I level found in Standard Poodles significantly differed from the one found in Miniature and Toy Poodles (P < 0.001). The correlation between circulating IGF I levels and body size was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001; r = 0.88). All dogs secreted similar, normal amounts of GH in response to clonidine administration. The results show that body weight is correlated with IGF I levels rather than with the GH secretory capacity, thus providing indirect evidence for IGF I as an important in vivo growth-promoting principle.

Is further evaluation for growth hormone (GH) deficiency necessary in fibromyalgia patients with low serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels?

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C.J. Yuen ◽  
Robert M. Bennett ◽  
Cheryl A. Hryciw ◽  
Marie B. Cook ◽  
Sharon A. Rhoads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Low Serum
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