The effect of frequency of feeding and supplementation with sucrose on ruminal fermentation of alfalfa silage given ad libitum or restricted to sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
D. M. Veira ◽  
L. Aroeira ◽  
H. C. V. Codagnone ◽  
G. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Factorial Trial ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Effect Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Eight ruminally cannulated wethers were used in a factorial trial to examine the effect of frequency of feeding alfalfa silage and sucrose supplementation on voluntary intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and rate and extent of digestion in and passage from the rumen. When diets were fed ad libitum, frequency of feeding had no effect on voluntary intake, apparent digestibility or the postfeeding concentrations of rumen ammonia N, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and pH. Similarly, VFA ratios and fluid kinetics in the rumen were unaffected. Supplementation with sucrose reduced ruminal concentrations of ammonia N at the higher level of feeding but failed to influence any other measured parameters. When intake was restricted (18 g DM kg−1 body weight), increased feeding frequency reduced the post-feeding ruminal ammonia peak and reduced the post-feeding decline in pH; however, sucrose supplementation had no effect. Kinetics of the liquid phase in the rumen, particulate rate of passage and rate of digestion were not affected by feeding frequency or sucrose supplementation. It was concluded that effects observed at a restricted feeding level may not be apparent when feed is available ad libitum and vice versa. Key words: Sucrose, feeding frequency, alfalfa, silage, sheep

Effect of Tween 80 and salinomycin on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in steers fed a diet containing 70% barley

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hristov ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
M. E. Olson ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Ten Jersey steers (484 ± 55 kg) were fed a basal diet of 70% rolled barley grain and 30% alfalfa silage [dry matter (DM) basis] with or without additives, in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square experiment. Treatments (additives per kilogram dietary DM) were: C, no additives (control); T, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1); SH, salinomycin (13 mg kg−1); TSM, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1) plus salinomycin (6.5 mg kg−1); and TSL, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1) plus salinomycin (3.25 mg kg−1). Ruminal pH, concentrations of ammonia, total free amino acids, reducing sugars and total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fluid phase viscosity were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Ruminal carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase and amylase activities, numbers of protozoa, and outflow rates of the liquid and solid phases of ruminal contents did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Ruminal lactic acid bacteria populations tended (P < 0.1) to be smaller with SH compared with C, but counts were unaffected (P > 0.05) by T, TSL and TSM. Partitioning of ruminal digesta and microbial protein flow were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Compared with C, the ruminal rate of degradation (in situ) of alfalfa DM tended to be higher (P < 0.10) with SH, and the rate of barley grain DM degradation was higher (P < 0.05) with T. Intake and apparent digestibilities of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment, as were blood glucose and urea levels. Tween 80 and salinomycin did not affect ruminal fermentation or nutrient digestibility in steers fed a barley grain/alfalfa silage diet. Key words: Tween 80, salinomycin, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, steer

scholarly journals 258 Intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep offered alfalfa silage alone or alfalfa and tall fescue-mixtures harvested after a killing frost

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Valens Niyigena ◽  
K P Coffey ◽  
W K Coblentz ◽  
D Philipp ◽  
C Althaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Polynomial ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Polynomial Trends

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvesting alfalfa and fescue after frost and ensiling mixtures of these forages on silage fermentation characteristics, intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation by ewes. Forages were harvested in October of 2018, wilted, and blended as either alfalfa alone, 67% alfalfa +33% fescue, 33% alfalfa + 67% fescue, or 100% fescue. Twenty bins were lined with 2 plastic bags, packed (n = 5/trt), stored for 3 months, and then randomly assigned to ewes (n = 20; mean BW = 34.7 ± 6.65 kg) for ad libitum consumption, using 5 animals per treatment. Ewes were given 17 d of adaptation followed by 5 d of total feces and urine collection. Data were analyzed using PROC-MIXED of SAS and orthogonal polynomial trends were used to identify the effects of different proportions of fescue-to-alfalfa silage. Silage total acids, lactate, and acetate increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) while silage moisture and ammonia decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing proportions of fescue in the diet. The proportions of lactate to total acids (mole/100 moles) increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) by adding more fescue to alfalfa. Intake (g/kg BW), digestibility (%), and intake of digestible DM and OM (g/kg BW) decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as fescue proportion was increased in the silages. Ruminal acetate and butyrate (%) increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing fescue concentrations in the diet. Ensiling alfalfa with fescue may improve forage fermentation characteristics, but may reduce intake and digestibility in sheep compared to feeding alfalfa silage alone. This study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052.

scholarly journals Residue of propolis extract in bovine diets with increasing levels of protein on rumen fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Junior Teixeira Nascimento ◽  
Rafael Monteiro Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Thierry Ribeiro Tomich ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Tânia Dayana do Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the residue from the extraction of propolis, added to bovine diets with increasing levels of protein, on ruminal fermentation in vitro. For this, the in vitro gas production technique was used. Incubation was carried out with inocula from three fistulated cows, in three periods. In each period, a cow received a daily dose of 100 g propolis residue. Four diets were evaluated: corn silage (control); and 25, 50, and 75% concentrate based on soybean meal. The following were determined: kinetics of rumen fermentation; dry matter degradation; production of gases, volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), methane, and ammonia nitrogen; and pH. The inclusion of 14.4, 15.1, and 9.5% propolis residue, respectively, to 25, 50, and 75% concentrate increased the production of gases from the degradation of fibrous carbohydrates, when compared with the control. The propolis residue reduces methane production and the acetate:propionate ratio at all tested concentrate inclusion levels.

Effect of dietary inclusion of safflower meal on ruminal fermentation, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Germán Buendía-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura H. Vallejo ◽  
Mona M.Y. Elghandour ◽  
Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem ◽  
Victor Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Post Feeding

This study examines the effect of including graded levels of safflower meal (SM) [0 (SM0), 150 (SM15), or 200 g kg−1 dry matter (SM20)] in diets of Katahdin–Pelibuey lambs on ruminal fermentation, growth performance, and meat quality. Experimental diets were randomly allocated to 24 lambs (29.25 ± 0.55 kg) in a 60 d feeding trial. On day 30, rumen fluid was collected from each sheep at 0, 3, and 6 h after morning feeding to measure pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were also measured. Feed intake, ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration, dry matter, and crude protein digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Lambs fed on SM15 had higher (P < 0.05) ruminal pH at 3 and 6 h post feeding compared with those on SM0 and SM20. Inclusion of SM increased (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 6 h post feeding; however, daily gain decreased with increasing levels of SM. Diets did not affect (P > 0.05) carcass and meat quality traits. Feeding SM-containing diets resulted in similar feed utilization, carcass characteristics, and meat quality to the control diet while improving ruminal fermentation parameters.

scholarly journals PSXII-3 Rumen microbiome from beef steers undergoing grain adaptation with steam-flaked corn varying in bulk density

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
Kaue Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Kaliu G Scaranto Silva ◽  
Igor Gomes Favero ◽  
Jordan K Hinds ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase on ruminal microbiome were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 405 ± 42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight) to 1 of 2 grain adaptation strategies: 1) steam-flaked corn (SFC) bulk density of 335 g/L; and 2) 412 g/L. Steers were ad libitum fed, individually, during 6-7d phases, consisting of: HAY, followed by the STEP-UP1 through STEP-UP4, diets, respectively, in which roughage was gradually replaced with grain until FINISHER diet was fed. Respective SFC bulk densities were fed throughout STEP-UP diets, while the FINISHER diet consisted of 335 g/L strategy only for both groups. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each step, at 6h post-feeding for DNA extraction. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). The SFC bulk density did not affect (P &gt; 0.50) the relative abundance (RA) for any taxonomy classification. Regardless of SFC bulk density, inclusion of grain throughout adaptation phases affected domain (P ≤ 0.03) when initial phases were compared to FINISHER. Phylum RA were affected (P ≤ 0.05) for Actinobacteria (27%), Bacteroidetes (11%), and Euryarchaeota (2%). Within Class RA were affected (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridia (46%), Actinobacteria (27%), and Bacilli (5%). Order effects on RA were observed (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridiales (45%), Coriobacteriales (25%), and Lactobacillales (4%). Within Family RA was affected (P ≤ 0.03) for Coriobacteriaceae (25%), Lachnospiraceae (27%), Ruminococcaceae (6%), and Lactobacillaceae (4%), while a tendency (P = 0.09) was observed for Veillonellaceae (1%). In Genus, RA was affected (P ≤ 0.01) for Olsenela (22%), Pediococcus (3%), and Butyrivibrio (3%). As steers advance through subsequent grain adaptation phases until the FINISHER, more meaningful ruminal microbiome changes are observed than SFC density change.

Effect of maturity of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay on intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics when given to zebu bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A.J. Ayala-Burgos ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
R.M. Godoy ◽  
Hamana S. Saidén ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cattle in the tropics mostly depend on pastures. During dry periods the forage available is usually mature, constraining both intake and digestion. These constraints need to be understood, for intake and digestibility define productivity. Intake depends on the rumen space made available by fermentation and outflow. Markers such as PEG (liquid phase), and chromium mordanted fibre (solid phase) can be used to measure rumen volume and outflow, but have limitations. The objective of this experiment was to measure intake, digestibility, and rumen kinetics of cattle fed ad libitum forages with very different degradation characteristics, and also to compare rumen volumes measured with markers with those obtained by manual emptying.

scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Olinda Guerreiro ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Maria F. Duarte ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors and Influence of Rumen and Hindgut Biogeography on Bacterial Communities in Steers

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Romero-Pérez ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Denis O. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

ABSTRACTFeces from cattle production are considered important sources of bacterial contamination of food and the environment. Little is known about the combined effects of arctic temperatures and fodder tannins on rumen and hindgut bacterial populations. Individual rumen liquor and rectal fecal samples from donor steers fed either alfalfa silage or sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliaScop.) silage and waterad libitumwere collected weekly on the first three sampling days and fortnightly afterwards. The daily ambient temperatures were registered and averaged to weekly mean temperatures. Steers fed sainfoin silage had lower (P< 0.05) concentrations of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) than those fed alfalfa silage. All VFA concentrations were higher (P< 0.001) in rumen liquor samples than in fecal samples. The interaction of sample type and diet showed a significant effect (P< 0.05) on the proportions of the bacterial community that were from the phylaProteobacteriaandVerrucomicrobia.Ambient temperature had an indirect effect (P< 0.05) on the phylumFirmicutes, as it affected its proportional balance. The bacterial population diversity in samples appeared to decrease concurrently with the ambient temperature. The phylumFirmicutesexplained the first principal component at 64.83 and 42.58% of the total variance in rumen liquor and fecal samples, respectively. The sample type had a larger effect on bacterial communities than diet and temperature. Certain bacterial populations seemed to be better adapted than others to environmentally adverse conditions, such as less access time to nutrients due to higher motility and rate of passage of digesta caused by extreme temperatures, or antimicrobials such as tannins, possibly due to an influence of their biogeographical location within the gut.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

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